Improvement of plating uniformity for copper patterns of IC substrate with multi-physics coupling simulation

Circuit World ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Xiang ◽  
Yuanming Chen ◽  
Shouxu Wang ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
Wei He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Pattern Design ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Varied Pattern ◽  
Multiphysics Coupling

Purpose Optimized plating conditions, included proper designs of insulating shield (IS), auxiliary cathode (AC) and different patterns, contribute to the uniformity enhancement of copper deposition. Design/methodology/approach Plating experiments were implemented in vertical continuous plating (VCP) line for manufacturing in different conditions. Multiphysics coupling simulation was brought to investigate and predict the plating uniformity improvement of copper pattern. In addition, the numerical model was based on VCP to approach the practical application. Findings With disproportionate current distribution, different plating pattern design formed diverse copper thickness distribution (CTD). IS and AC improved plating uniformity of copper pattern because of current redistribution. Moreover, optimized plating condition for effectively depositing more uniformed plating copper layer in varied pattern designs were derived by simulation and verified by plating experiment. Originality/value The comparison between experiment and simulation revealed that multiphysics coupling is an efficient, reliable and of course environment-friendly tool to perform research on the uniformity of pattern plating in manufacturing.

The 4Cs of mass customization in service industries: a customer lens

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Pallant ◽  
Sean Sands ◽  
Ingo Oswald Karpen
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Mass Customization ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Research Priority

Purpose Increasingly, customers are demanding products that fit their individual needs. Many firms respond by cultivating product individualization via mass customization, often integrating this capability via interactive platforms that connect them with customers. Despite such customization, research to date has lacked cohesion, often taking the organizational, rather than customer, view. The purpose of this paper is to provide inconclusive theorizing in regard to customization from the consumers’ perspective. Design/methodology/approach The review and synthesis of the literature revealed that co-configuration is an underexplored domain of mass customization. Consequently, an initial conceptualization of co-configuration is developed and compared with current customization strategies. Specifically, the definition and boundary conditions of co-configuration are compared with three domains of mass customization, namely, co-production, co-construction and co-design. This led to the development of research priority areas to establish an agenda for future research on mass customization and its role in customer’ firm relationships. Findings This paper provides the delineation of four distinct consumer customization strategies, conceptualized in a matrix, and proposes separate customer journey visualizations. In advancing the theoretical understanding by means of a unifying typology, this paper identifies three existing Cs of mass customization (co-production, co-construction and co-design) and focuses specifically on a fourth (co-configuration), identified as an understudied mass customization strategy. Originality/value This paper extends the previous conceptualizations of mass customization comprising co-production, co-design and co-construction. The proposed typology establishes a foundation for four research priority areas that can improve both academic rigor and practical application.

A numerical method for solving the physics-based model of IGBT with all free-carrier injection conditions in the base region

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1653-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Chen ◽  
Yuhan Ma ◽  
Shiyou Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Free Carrier ◽  
Carrier Injection ◽  
Base Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Solution Methodology

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an accurate model and method to simulate the transient performances of an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) in an arbitrary free-carrier injection condition. Design/methodology/approach A numerical model and method for solving the physics-based model, an ambipolar diffusion equation-based model, of an IGBT is proposed. Findings The results of the proposed model are very close to the tested ones. Originality/value A mathematical model for an IGBT considering all free-carrier injection conditions is introduced, and a numerical solution methodology is proposed.

Measuring customer value co-creation behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 930-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelio Tommasetti ◽  
Orlando Troisi ◽  
Massimiliano Vesci
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Customer Value ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dominant Logic ◽  
Measurement Framework ◽  
Information Research ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

Purpose In line with the precepts of service-dominant logic (SDL), the purpose of this paper is to devise a measurement framework of customer value co-creation practices during the service process. Design/methodology/approach Answering the call of McColl-Kennedy et al. (2012), the present study develops a general conceptual model for the measurement of customer value co-creation behavior, in line with the procedure elaborated by Churchill (1979). In particular, the paper focuses on the first stage of the protocol, corresponding to the specification of the domain of the construct. Findings The study shows that the scale for measuring behavioral processes in customer value co-creation has an implicit hierarchical structure based on eight activities to ensure adequate semantic coverage of the concept: cerebral activities, cooperation, information research and collation, the combination of complementary activities, changes in habits, co-production, co-learning, and connection. Moreover, the work highlights that the analysis of customer value co-creation behavior leads to three diverse steps of value co-creation and various levels of interaction. Originality/value By systematizing the construct of customer value co-creation behavior within a comprehensive framework, the conceptual model attempts to fill a gap evidenced by previous research in order to show that actions performed by users during the value co-creation process strictly conform to SDL assumptions. Moreover, the framework underpinning the practical application of SDL principles could benefit future practitioners and suggest interesting implications for future research.

Valuation paradigm: a rationality and (un)certainty spectrum

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jansen van Vuuren
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Confidence Score ◽  
Valuation Theory ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
End User ◽  
Risk And Uncertainty ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Purpose ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is threefold: the primary purpose is to suggest a real estate paradigm spectrum to act as reference for the contextualisation of observed market phenomenon in system terms; the secondary purpose is for the spectrum to contextualise the efficacy of real estate and valuation theory, methods and techniques; and the tertiary purpose is to propose a confidence score for reporting uncertainty to the end user of a valuation report. Design/methodology/approach Literature was reviewed on the concepts of risk and uncertainty, rationality and several systems thinking domains. Findings The framework can provide context to observed market phenomenon and distinguishes between agency and mechanism in contributing to conditions of certainty and uncertainty. The argument followed in this paper is that it is necessary to contextualise the efficacy of real estate and valuation theory, methods and models under conditions of certainty, normal uncertainty and abnormal uncertainty. The characteristics of conditions can be used as basis to develop new theory and practical application or modify existing. Practical implications Real estate economic theory can be organised in terms of the spectrum and the framework can potentially identify where further research is required and the requirements it must meet as measured against the characteristics of the framework. Current valuation methods and models can continue to be used when valuing under conditions of certainty, however, modifications to methods and models are required to account for complexity when valuing under conditions of normal uncertainty and abnormal uncertainty. The confidence score included in this paper can also be used to report the conditions of certainty/uncertainty under which the valuation was performed. Originality/value This paper aims to set the basis for new theoretical and practical developments of insights into real estate economic and valuation theory, methods and models while also contributing to the reporting of uncertainty through the proposed confidence score.

scholarly journals Work-wear pattern design to accommodate different working postures

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Bragança ◽  
Miguel Carvalho ◽  
Pedro Arezes ◽  
Susan P. Ashdown
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Pattern Design ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Working Postures ◽  
Standard Base ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Made In

Purpose This paper presents an analysis of several issues that are preponderant for the work-wear design. The purpose of this paper is to create a prototype of a women’s base upper body garment, based on the information gathered. Design/methodology/approach All the necessary information was collected through questionnaires, anthropometric measurements and evaluation of compression forces between the different prototypes. Findings It was possible to conclude that to create a better design some alterations need to be made in the standard base pattern design, such as measurements across the back length. Research limitations/implications Despite the fact that these design changes have a great impact on the stretch ability and on the compression forces, using softer fabric, such as cotton, is always better for an increased comfort. However, in more professional situation where these fabrics should not be used, these design changes can really make a difference. Practical implications A test with a set of compression sensors showed that the simple alteration of one measurement in the design of the base patterns highly reduces the compression forces. Social implications These simple alterations allow the garments to adjust to the users’ needs, promoting higher levels of comfort and lower levels of limitations of movement. Originality/value The designs presented in this paper can be easily adapted to a variety of garments, such as jackets or dresses, both for leisure or professional activities.

The role of C-OAR-SE in marketing measurement

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1953-1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Bergkvist
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Measure Development ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Validity Assessment ◽  
Subjective Element ◽  
Marketing Measurement ◽  
Theoretical Paper

Purpose This paper aims to offer a comment on Rossiter’s C-OAR-SE article and suggests future developments for the practical application of C-OAR-SE that would promote its usage and acceptance among marketing scholars. Design/methodology/approach This is a theoretical paper. Findings The paper identifies challenging steps in the practical application of C-OAR-SE and suggests that these can be overcome by developing detailed guidelines. Research limitations/implications Improving marketing measurement practice is of importance to marketing scholars. Originality/value The paper suggests how measure development could be structured in a manner that would reduce the subjective element of content validity assessment.

International commercial arbitrator addressing money laundering sua sponte

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Todor Kolarov
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Commercial Arbitration ◽  
Financial Action Task Force ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Commercial Arbitration ◽  
Financial Action Task

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the existing legal basis, and its practical application, of an arbitrator’s competence to raise on her own initiative money laundering issues. Design/methodology/approach The research focusses on presenting the essence of the problem through evaluation of the legal basis for the arbitrators to raise money laundering concerns on their own initiative and the examples of so being done in international commercial arbitration. Findings This paper concludes that arbitrators do not presently have a solid legal basis that authorises them to act sua sponte against money laundering. Originality/value The originality and value of this paper lies in its emphasis on theoretical and practical issues related to money laundering in international commercial arbitration. It argues in favour of an explicit recommendation to be incorporated in the 2012 Recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) that international commercial arbitrators address money laundering on their own initiative.

The pattern design of fabrics produced by three-channel rotor-spun colorful melange yarn

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Pan ◽  
Xiao Yi Yang ◽  
Rui Hua Yang
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Linear Density ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Pattern Design ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Primary Color ◽  
Rotor Spinning ◽  
Innovative Idea

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to design and make fabrics with colorful melange yarns spun by a three-channel rotor spinning machine.Design/methodology/approachThe three-channel digital rotor-spun machine controls the blending proportion by adjusting the feeding of three-primary color fiber slivers online, so that a piece of colorful yarn presents a variety of colors along the longitudinal direction where constant yarn linear density can be produced flexibly. Various fabric patterns can be produced by three-channel rotor-spun colorful melange yarn with different periods of color.FindingsThe fabric, made by the rotor-spun colorful melange yarn, is rich in color, clear in layers, soft in the hand and has a hazy three-dimensional effect. The product is environmentally friendly and saves energy.Originality/valueAn innovative idea to develop various colorful fabrics is proposed by combining their pattern with colorful melange yarn produced by a three-channel rotor spinning machine.

A view of the learning organization from a corporate governance perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 434-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Sidani ◽  
Simon Reese
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Learning Organization ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to provide an overview of the development of learning organization concepts from the perspective of Professor Bob Garratt and presents an interesting evolution toward his work on learning boardroom members. Design/methodology/approach Through a conversation with Professor Garratt, the authors capture several topics pertaining to his evolution of learning organization concepts, those who have differing views and ultimately what led him to develope his theories on the impact of the most senior members of an organization on the learning constructs. Findings The learning organization debate has many foundations that today have led to differing perspectives. Professor Garratt provides his particular background and how he developed his opinions, which he admits have not always been embraced in practice. Originality/value The discussion with Bob Garratt reveals his understanding of the learning organization concept and how it developed from a lifetime of practical application. Ultimately, the reader will understand, in Professor Garratt’s own words, where he was confronted with challenges and why his concepts evolved to where they are today.

Mentorship in computer ethics

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 326-345
Author(s):  
Catherine Flick
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Computer Ethics ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Academic Careers ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Early Career Researcher ◽  
Ethnographic Methodology

Purpose – This paper aims to introduce the concept of ETHICOMP as “community mentor” – the role that the ETHICOMP conference plays outside the standard conference fare, in which it nurtures and supports up-and-coming researchers in the field of computer ethics. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses an auto-ethnographic methodology to reflexively explore the author’s career from PhD student to early career researcher spanning the years 2005-2013, and how the ETHICOMP community has played a significant role as a mentor in her life. The literature on mentorship is discussed, particularly focussing on the importance of mentorship for women in philosophy-related academic careers, and criteria for successful mentorship are measured against the ETHICOMP “community mentorship”. Additionally, some key philosophical concepts are introduced and reflected upon. Findings – The paper produces recommendations for other philosophical communities wishing to grow their mentorship capabilities through communities around conferences. Originality/value – This paper sheds new light on the concepts of mentorship and the practical application of mentorship within an academic community. It also provides an account of the value of the ETHICOMP conference series that is beyond the usual academic output.

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