Pergeseran Bahasa Muna dalam Ranah Pendidikan di Kabupaten Banggai

This research is aimed to describe the pattern of language shifts of Muna Language (BM) in the education domain in the Banggai Regency and explain the factors that caused those shifts. The research data was obtained using the speaking and listening method through questionnaire, interview, note-taking, and participating observation techniques. Quantitative data were processed using descriptive statistics (calculated the mean). There are four categories used to interpret the BM shift patterns, namely not yet shifted; begins to shift, but tends to persist; begins to shift; has shifted. The result of the study indicated that the shift in BM in the education aspect in the Banggai Regency, both based on age, gender, education, and occupation, showed a varied pattern of language shift. Based on age group, age 11-15 years old, BM has shifted (always use BI); 16-27 and 28-49 years, BM starts to shift (uses BI more often), and 50 years and over, BM has not shifted persists. Based on gender, both male and female, the pattern of shifting in BM are almost the same, namely starting to shift. Based on the education category, the pattern of BM shift varies: SD/TTSD BM begins to shift, but tends to persist; in SMP, SMA, and PT, BM began to shift (using BI more often). Varied patterns of BM shifts are also seen in the job category. Muna people, who are also a student, BM has shifted (always using BI); Civil servants/TNI/Polri and private employees, BM began to shift (using BI more often); self-employment, trading, and other occupations, BM began to shift, but tended to persist; farmers, have not shifted persist (using BM and BI in a balanced way). The shift in BM in the domain of education is caused by several factors, including social factors, where the Muna people live, ethnic diversity, ethnic minorities, and bilingualism. Among these factors, social factors, bilingualism, ethnic minorities, and where the Muna people live are very dominant in influencing the shift in BM in the education domain in the Banggai Regency.

Many Different LINE-1 Retroelements Are Activated in Bladder Cancer

Human genomes contain about 100,000 LINE-1 (L1) retroelements, of which more than 100 are intact. L1s are normally tightly controlled by epigenetic mechanisms, which often fail in cancer. In bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC), particularly, L1s become DNA-hypomethylated, expressed and contribute to genomic instability and tumor growth. It is, however, unknown which individual L1s are activated. Following RNA-immunoprecipitation with a L1-specific antibody, third generation nanopore sequencing detected transcripts of 90 individual elements in the VM-Cub-1 UC line with high overall L1 expression. In total, 10 L1s accounted for >60% of the reads. Analysis of five specific L1s by RT-qPCR revealed generally increased expression in UC tissues and cell lines over normal controls, but variable expression among tumor cell lines from bladder, prostate and testicular cancer. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated active histone marks at L1 sequences with increased expression in VM-Cub-1, but not in a different UC cell line with low L1 expression. We conclude that many L1 elements are epigenetically activated in bladder cancer in a varied pattern. Our findings indicate that expression of individual L1s is highly heterogeneous between and among cancer types.

Dietary Patterns and Sociodemographic Factors in Socially Vulnerable Populations: Cross-Sectional Study in Users of First Level Healthcare

Objective: Define the dietary patterns of adults with normal weight, overweight and obesity, and their association with socio-demographic factors. Methods: The size of the sample universe is 1,000 homes in four states of the Mexican Republic. A sub-sample was selected of 787 people to whom a healthcare questionnaire was applied. A factor analysis by principal components was carried out to identify dietary patterns. The distribution of the population’s socio-demographic characteristics was analyzed by quartiles and a multivariate logistic regression was done with dietary patterns as the dependent variable; p < 0.05 values were taken for statistical significance.Results: Three dietary patterns were identified in the two population groups (normal weight / overweight-obesity): Prudent, Western and Varied. In both groups, a prudent pattern was found, with high consumption of fruits, vegetables and plain water. The Western pattern is characterized by consumption of flours, processed foods and those of animal origin, and the varied pattern presented consumption of oils, sugar sweetened beverages and snacks. The Prudent pattern was positively associated with the female sex and age, while the Western pattern was associated with elementary schooling level and the varied pattern with the masculine sex. The study population reported dietary risk factors, physical inactivity, and time in front of a screen, tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption and family history of chronic diseases.Conclusion: Health effects derived from the different dietary patterns could increase economic and social vulnerability of the studied populations, which is a challenge to the health system for the provision of comprehensive care.

Epilogue

This epilogue explores how the principles which have been delineated by focusing on Catullus, Propertius, and Horace might apply to a poet of the next generation. The exile poetry of Ovid uses the conventions earlier authors developed, by which the circuit of communication depicted in the poetry is framed by an implicit acknowledgment of the communication between poet and reader, but in a body of poetry in which the stakes of both kinds of communication are almost impossibly high. The Tristia present themselves as earnest attempts to use poetry to bring about the author's recall from exile, but are shaped just as strongly by the consciousness that they are, in effect, documenting his experience of political repression for readers of the future. There is, of course, an extremely strong coherence in theme, topic, and form throughout the five books of the Tristia. And yet the collection exhibits a surprising degree of variation in the orientation of “story” to discourse, partially masked by the narrow spectrum of topics and themes. Although most of the poems take the form of letters to specific individuals back in Rome, this particular form of poem exists within a more varied pattern than is usually discussed.

BERMAIN DAN BERINTERAKSI DENGAN AMERICAN NATIVES SEBAGAI METODE BELAJAR ANAK DI KEDIRI, JAWA TIMUR

Reading parks or public library generally offer the focal point of literacy activities with the encouragement of people reading interest. These activities undertaken by providing a reading room and socializing the importance of reading. This social service along with Taman Baca Puri Anjali, located in Kaliombo, Kediri, East Java, observes the problems related to learning methods, especially in reading, that occur in children. Through the activity titled “Kids, Are You Ready to Talk to American Native?” together create learning activities by playing, based on Paulo Freire’s method, conscientizacao. This activity invites children to learn English directly with people who use English language in their daily life, named American natives. It has a happy learning effect on children and they feel that learning English is easier than before. They also assimilate a more varied pattern of literacy, without leaving the books that become the world’s window for learners.

Improvement of plating uniformity for copper patterns of IC substrate with multi-physics coupling simulation

Purpose Optimized plating conditions, included proper designs of insulating shield (IS), auxiliary cathode (AC) and different patterns, contribute to the uniformity enhancement of copper deposition. Design/methodology/approach Plating experiments were implemented in vertical continuous plating (VCP) line for manufacturing in different conditions. Multiphysics coupling simulation was brought to investigate and predict the plating uniformity improvement of copper pattern. In addition, the numerical model was based on VCP to approach the practical application. Findings With disproportionate current distribution, different plating pattern design formed diverse copper thickness distribution (CTD). IS and AC improved plating uniformity of copper pattern because of current redistribution. Moreover, optimized plating condition for effectively depositing more uniformed plating copper layer in varied pattern designs were derived by simulation and verified by plating experiment. Originality/value The comparison between experiment and simulation revealed that multiphysics coupling is an efficient, reliable and of course environment-friendly tool to perform research on the uniformity of pattern plating in manufacturing.

Tissue esterases of Lamellidens corrianus (Fresh water mussel)

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic (PAGE) technique was used to examine the esterase pattern of Ctenidia, Hepatopancreas, Hemolymph, Intestine, Mantle. Foot of the Lamellidens corrianus. The zymograms revealed the varied pattern of esterase both in number and type. This varied pattern suggested several roles for these enzymes present in different tissues.

A Comparative Rugoscopic Study of the Dentate and Edentulous Individuals in the South Indian Population

This study analyzes the rugae pattern in dentulous and edentulous patients and also evaluates the association of rugae pattern between males and females.Aims and Objectives. This study aims to investigate rugae patterns in dentulous and edentulous patients of both sexes in South Indian population and to find whether palatoscopy is a useful tool in human identification.Materials and Methods. Four hundred outpatients from Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, were included in the study. The study group was equally divided between the sexes, which was further categorized into 100 dentulous and edentulous patients, respectively.Results. The edentulous male showed the highest mean of wavy pattern and total absence of circular pattern while the edentulous female group showed the highest mean of curved pattern and total absence of nonspecific pattern, while dentate population showed similar value as that of the overall population such as straight, wavy, and curved patterns.Conclusion. The present study concludes that there is similar rugae pattern of distribution between male and female dentate population while there is varied pattern between the sexes of edentulous population. However, the most predominant patterns were straight, wavy, and circular patterns.