Governance issues constraining the deployment of flood resilience strategies in Maroua, Far North Region of Cameroon

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarkson Mvo Wanie ◽  
Roland Akoh Ndi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Far North ◽  
The City

Purpose Cities across the globe, particularly those of the less developed world, face long-term challenges associated with floods which impact negatively on the resilience of city systems and their inhabitants. In the city of Maroua, most urban management stakeholders have been unable to integrate flood resilience research into urban development issues. It is against this background that the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the governance issues constraining the deployment of flood resilience strategies implemented by residents in flood-prone zones and those used by the government via administrative authorities and institutions charged with urban development to flood-related risks in the city of Maroua, Far North Region of Cameroon. Design/methodology/approach Field surveys, participant observations, interviews, and on-the-spot appraisals were carried out with residents in flood-prone neighbourhoods and municipal authorities on the state of recurrent floods including mitigating strategies being implemented. Findings The results revealed that Maroua has a fragile ecological setting which has increased the vulnerability of the town to flood-related risks. This is further aggravated by the fact that municipal authorities are yet to have a thorough mastery of such recurrent flood incidences due to their limited planning horizons, rendering the urban poor disproportionately susceptible to flood-related stresses. This exposes them to unavoidable flood associated hazards such as water borne diseases (typhoid and cholera) as they are bogged down by physical and financial limitations. Besides, decision-making processes in relation to managing urban systems are not guided by good governance as efforts to enhance and integrate the local population for flood resilience are neither participatory nor inclusive, ushering the urban environment of Maroua into a frivolous path to profligacy. Originality/value For resilience to be deeply entrenched, the paper proffers for the mainstreaming of flood resilience strategies into urban development plans through multi-stakeholder involvement across different sectors and departments, as well as the setting up of a practical time table for monitoring the progress of these measures through geospatial technologies such as remote sensing and geographical information systems.

scholarly journals Street context of various demographic groups in their daily mobility

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Salgado ◽  
Weixin Li ◽  
Fahad Alhasoun ◽  
Inés Caridi ◽  
Marta Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Daily Mobility ◽  
Urban Science ◽  
Science Framework ◽  
The City ◽  
Racial Ethnic

AbstractWe present an urban science framework to characterize phone users’ exposure to different street context types based on network science, geographical information systems (GIS), daily individual trajectories, and street imagery. We consider street context as the inferred usage of the street, based on its buildings and construction, categorized in nine possible labels. The labels define whether the street is residential, commercial or downtown, throughway or not, and other special categories. We apply the analysis to the City of Boston, considering daily trajectories synthetically generated with a model based on call detail records (CDR) and images from Google Street View. Images are categorized both manually and using artificial intelligence (AI). We focus on the city’s four main racial/ethnic demographic groups (White, Black, Hispanic and Asian), aiming to characterize the differences in what these groups of people see during their daily activities. Based on daily trajectories, we reconstruct most common paths over the street network. We use street demand (number of times a street is included in a trajectory) to detect each group’s most relevant streets and regions. Based on their street demand, we measure the street context distribution for each group. The inclusion of images allows us to quantitatively measure the prevalence of each context and points to qualitative differences on where that context takes place. Other AI methodologies can further exploit these differences. This approach presents the building blocks to further studies that relate mobile devices’ dynamic records with the differences in urban exposure by demographic groups. The addition of AI-based image analysis to street demand can power up the capabilities of urban planning methodologies, compare multiple cities under a unified framework, and reduce the crudeness of GIS-only mobility analysis. Shortening the gap between big data-driven analysis and traditional human classification analysis can help build smarter and more equal cities while reducing the efforts necessary to study a city’s characteristics.

Concurrent and sustainable development of a local-scale digital heritage inventory through action research at Bat, Oman

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-212
Author(s):  
Yasuhisa Kondo ◽  
Takehiro Miki ◽  
Taichi Kuronuma ◽  
Yuichi S. Hayakawa ◽  
Kyoko Kataoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Network Access ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Digital Heritage ◽  
Local Agent

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a concurrent implementation of sustainable inventory for the UNESCO World Heritage sites of Bat, Al-Khutm and Al-Ayn in the interior of Oman. Design/methodology/approach – A digital heritage inventory (DHI) was developed through an action research to realize demands of the local agent and to co-design the solution. The Ministry of Heritage and Culture of Oman, the local agent, demanded to have archaeological information of the sites shared with foreign expeditions, which had worked at the sites for decades, for efficient heritage management, scientific research, outreach, and education. To this end, the Bat Digital Heritage Inventory (BatDHI) was implemented by a combination of network-access-ready database application, open source geographical information systems, and a web-based map service to incorporate and visualize previous works, which were concurrently cross-checked and updated by ground-truth surveys. Findings – The online inventory made it possible to update information during archaeological fieldwork in real time and accelerated the decision-making process in heritage management by prompt data updates and visualization. Research limitations/implications – The DHI is extendable for other sites or regions. It should also be considered to install Arches, an open-source suite of digital heritage inventories. Practical implications – The BatDHI was implemented through the action research mentioned in the design/methodology/approach section and yielded the implications mentioned in the findings section. Originality/value – This paper is a challenging application of transdisciplinary approach to the sustainable heritage management, in which researchers and societal stakeholders collaborate for co-design of research agendas, co-production of knowledge, and co-dissemination of outcomes.

COVID-19 pandemic and the poor in the urban spaces of India with special reference to Mumbai

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujayita Bhattacharjee ◽  
Sanjukta Sattar
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Right To The City ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socioeconomic Crisis ◽  
The City

PurposeThe lives of the poor in the urban spaces of India are filled with hardships. They live amidst poverty and struggle to survive within other problems such as insecure jobs, lack of proper housing, unsanitary conditions and low levels of health immunity. This vulnerable section of the population has been rendered furthermore vulnerable by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in ways that were never imagined before. Taking this into consideration, the purpose of this article is to examine the vulnerability of the poor in the urban settings of India with special reference to Mumbai in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology adopted in the study is based on the analysis of secondary data and content analysis of the existing literature. In addition to this, the study also makes use of certain narratives of the urban poor in Mumbai that have been captured by various articles, reports and blogs.FindingsThe findings of the study reveal how the urban poor of India, with special reference to Mumbai, the financial capital of India, has emerged as the worst sufferers of the socioeconomic crisis caused by the social distancing and lockdown measures imposed for combating the pandemic.Originality/valueThe study tries to explore the reality of the urban poor's right to the city in the wake of the pandemic.

scholarly journals SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS WILAYAH RAWAN BANJIR DI KOTA PEKANBARU

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Luluk Elvitaria Elvitaria ◽  
Miftahul Khasani
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Rain Intensity ◽  
The City ◽  
Term Rain ◽  
Flood Prone Areas

Based on the geographical location of Pekanbaru City is one of the areas included in flood-prone areas, even said that the city of Pekanbaru is included in the red zone related to flooding, seeing from the majority of the existing area is the rawah and river banks. The National Flood Mitigation Agency (BNPB) noted that the city of Pekanbaru is one of the flood-prone cities on the island of Sumatra. In addition to determining flood-prone areas for the Regional BPBD Office in Pekanbaru City, the community also wants to know the location that often floods and determine the long-term rain intensity capacity that will cause flooding, so that it does not hinder the daily activities. To deal with this problem, a Geographical Information System needs to be developed that can determine areas that often occur in natural flooding. Geographical information systems are expected to be able to assist the BPBD Office in managing flood data that has occurred in the city of Pekanbaru, and help provide information about floods that are needed by the community to anticipate further flood events.  

scholarly journals GIS-BASED INFECTIOUS DISEASE DATA MANAGEMENT ON A CITY SCALE, CASE STUDY OF ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2020 ◽  
pp. 1463-1467
Author(s):  
I. Kuznetsov ◽  
E. Panidi ◽  
A. Kolesnikov ◽  
P. Kikin ◽  
V. Korovka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Medical Infrastructure ◽  
Availability Assessment ◽  
The City

Abstract. Medical geography and medical cartography can be denoted as classical application domains for Geographical Information Systems (GISs). GISs can be applied to retrospective analysis (e.g., human population health analysis, medical infrastructure development and availability assessment, etc.), and to operative disaster detection and management (e.g., monitoring of epidemics development and infectious diseases spread). Nevertheless, GISs still not a daily-used instrument of medical administrations, especially on the city and municipality scales. In different regions of the world situation varies, however in general case GIS-based medical data accounting and management is the object of interest for researchers and national administrations operated on global and national scales. Our study is focused onto the investigation and design of the methodology and software prototype for GIS-based support of medical administration and planning on a city scale when accounting and controlling infectious diseases. The study area is the administrative territory of the St. Petersburg (Russia). The study is based upon the medical statistics data and data collection system of the St. Petersburg city. All the medical data used in the study are impersonalized accordingly to the Russian laws.

Geographical Analysis of Entertainment Services in the City of Daratu Using Geographical Information Systems (GIS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 618-644
Author(s):  
Hoshmand Jawhar Abbas ◽  
Sanger Ahmed Hussein ◽  
Fatimah Qader Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Recreational Facilities ◽  
Financial Gain ◽  
Recreational Services ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

 The impact of the recreational services that exist within the group of services that are practiced within the geographical framework of the city, is not limited to the lives of its residents and their activities, but also on the residents of the surrounding areas. Recreational services contribute to providing diversified investment opportunities for leisure time, so that they are appropriate and beneficial to the health, comfort and well-being of the population at the lowest possible cost, without the goal of their establishment being financial gain, as they lead to the creation of mental, psychological and physical balance on the level of one individual and on the basis of society in a way. In general, recreational services are an integral part of urban activities in most cities of the world. Rather, the concept of modernity and urbanization in contemporary urban centers is measured to some extent by the availability of recreational facilities for their inhabitants, and the study also showed the low level of efficiency of recreational services in terms of their spatial distribution and numbers. As it is concentrated in some neighborhoods of the city, while it is less or absent in other neighborhoods, as well as not taking into account the planning standards in its distribution and during its construction in line with the population increase, urban expansion and the residents' needs for these services. The success in providing these different types of recreational facilities depends on how they are distributed geographically. The balanced distribution of these activities determines the success of the adopted plans in achieving the required goals and policies.

scholarly journals Statistical and Spatial Analysis of Hurricane-induced Roadway Closures and Power Outages

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahyar Ghorbanzadeh ◽  
Mohammadreza Koloushani ◽  
Mehmet Baran Ulak ◽  
Eren Erman Ozguven ◽  
Reza Arghandeh Jouneghani
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Power Outages ◽  
The Us ◽  
Infrastructure System ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
The City

Hurricanes lead to substantial infrastructure system damages, such as roadway closures and power outages, in the US annually, especially in states like Florida. As such, this paper aimed to assess the impacts of Hurricane Hermine (2016) and Hurricane Michael (2018) on the City of Tallahassee, the capital of Florida, via exploratory spatial and statistical analyses on power outages and roadway closures. First, a geographical information systems (GIS)-based spatial analysis was conducted to explore the power outages and roadway closure patterns in the city including kernel density estimation (KDE) and density ratio difference (DRD) methods. In order to provide a more detailed assessment on which population segments were more affected, a second step included a statistical analysis to identify the relationships between demographic- and socioeconomic-related variables and the magnitude of power outages and roadway closures caused by these hurricanes. The results indicate that the high-risk locations for roadway closures showed different patterns, whereas power outages seemed to have similar spatial patterns for the hurricanes. The findings of this study can provide useful insights and information for city officials to identify the most vulnerable regions which are under the risk of disruption. This can lead to better infrastructure plans and policies.

scholarly journals Peri-Urban Dynamics in Murcia Region (SE Spain): The Successful Case of the Altorreal Complex

Urban Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Rubén Giménez García ◽  
Ramón García Marín ◽  
José Serrano Martínez ◽  
Manuel Pulido Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Se Spain ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
City Model ◽  
The City

The spatial pattern of the urban development recently experienced by large urban areas is significantly changing the traditional city model based on its compactness. It is generating new forms of urban organization that imply morphological, territorial, social, and functional changes. We analyzed the spatial impact generated by the construction of the Altorreal resort in the Murcia region and its effects on the local population (e.g. number of inhabitants). The results obtained highlight the importance of this resort in terms of space and population compared with other neighborhoods of the city.

scholarly journals Environmental education praxis toward a natural conservation area

2000 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. dos SANTOS ◽  
M. SATO ◽  
J. S. R. PIRES ◽  
P. S. MAROTI
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Pedagogical Tools ◽  
Global Issues

A non-formal Environmental Education (EE) Program has been implemented in the natural conservation area (Ecological Station of Jataí, Luiz Antônio, São Paulo State), through (EE) paradigms, which consider the objectives of education about, in and for the environment within cultural and natural perspectives. The aim of this Program is to support information and scientific knowledge to provide opportunities to the local population to be aware of environmental impacts and risks resulting from the soil use that threaten the environmental quality and the biodiversity of the Ecological Station of Jataí. The Program understands that the promotion of community empowerment could bring the sense of participation and the directives to management for decision-making for local sustainability. The model was projected on local reality, but considering the global issues of environmental paradigms. The environmental characterization (biophysical components) through a Geographical Information Systems was related to the hydrographic basin analysis. The environmental perception was utilized as a main tool to analyse population understanding of local environment, and (EE) pedagogical tools were produced to promote environmental awareness. Since the ecological dimension of (EE) was the main approach, the programme intends to assemble the cultural perspective, achieving the global view of (EE).

scholarly journals The Provision and Accessibility to Parks in Ho Chi Minh City: Disparities along the Urban Core—Periphery Axis

Urban Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh Hoang ◽  
Philippe Apparicio ◽  
Thi-Thanh-Hien Pham
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ascending Hierarchical Classification ◽  
The City

In Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC, Vietnam), there is now an urgent need for evaluating access to parks in an effort to ensure better planning within the context of rapid and increasingly privatized urbanization. In this article, we analyze the provision and accessibility to parks in HCMC. To achieve this, the information gathered was then integrated into the geographical information systems (GISs). Based on an Ascending Hierarchical Classification, we were able to identify five different types ranging in their intrinsic characteristics. The accessibility measurements calculated in the GISs show that communities are located an average of at least 879 meters away from parks, which is a relatively short distance. Children have a level of accessibility comparable to that of the overall population. Accessibility also seems to vary greatly throughout the City—populations residing in central districts (planned before 1996) enjoy better accessibility compared to those in peripheral neighborhoods (planned after 1996). Parks located in areas planned between 1996 and 2002 are the least accessible, followed by parks in areas planned after 2003. Our findings suggest possible approaches that could be used to help ensure the quality of parks and their spatial accessibility.

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