scholarly journals Measuring school leaders' adaptability in the UAE: development of a scale to measure leadership adaptability

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Aldhaheri
Keyword(s):  
Dimension Reduction ◽  
Private School ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
School Leaders ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThis paper presents a quantitative measurement instrument for Leadership Adaptability.Design/methodology/approachQualitative themes are examined, grouped and developed into 13 quantitative statements of Leadership Adaptability. A robust analysis is conducted to understand the relationships and underlying dimensions in the statements. Three types of dimension reduction techniques are employed: principal components analysis and two types of exploratory factor analysis. The instrument is tested in the form of a survey for the first time with public and private school leaders in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi (n = 167).FindingsThe quantitative Leadership Adaptability scale is validated by applying robust tests of dimensionality, validity and reliability. The three dimension reduction tests identified that the 13 statements are measuring a single dimension of Leadership Adaptability, and should therefore be treated as a single homogeneous scale. Reliability analyses further confirmed the results of the dimension reduction results, with a high score for Cronbach's alpha of 0.953, classified as an “excellent” level of reliability. Discriminant validity tests of the 13 statements, analysed alongside the 20-item Cultural Intelligence Scale, further confirmed the statements as being a distinct scale. Applying the instrument to Abu Dhabi school leaders showed they have high levels of adaptability.Originality/valueThis paper presents the first known quantitative measurement instrument for understanding Leadership Adaptability. This instrument addresses a need by developing a quantitative tool for researchers studying Leadership Adaptability, and it can be used to facilitate further exploration of this topic.

Are school leaders culturally intelligent? Validation of the cultural intelligence (CQ) scale in the UAE

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Al Dhaheri
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Private School ◽  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Cultural Intelligence ◽  
School Leaders ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Response Scale ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strongly Agree

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report results of testing and validation of the cultural intelligence (CQ) Scale in a new location, the culturally diverse United Arab Emirates (UAE) and in a new sector: public and private school leaders. Design/methodology/approach This study surveys 167 school leaders from public and private schools in the UAE using the 20-item version of the CQ Scale, which uses a seven-point Likert response scale of strongly agree to strongly disagree. An examination of the dimensionality of the 20 items was conducted using both principal components analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Demographics were also gathered. Findings Results from testing and validation of the scale indicated a high level of CQ among school leaders in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. An examination of the dimensionality of the 20 items showed them to fall into the same structure of four sub-components as conceptually conceived: knowledge, strategy, motivation and behaviour. The mean scores for the four components of CQ in this study indicate high CQ amongst Abu Dhabi school leaders, although the knowledge dimension measured slightly lower. The results confirm previous research that found CQ to be higher in culturally diverse settings, which, according to socio-demographic details gathered in the study applies to the UAE. Originality/value This is the first known study to test the Cultural Intelligence Scale in UAE schools. It answers the call from the CQ Scale developers to validate the scale in diverse contexts.

Validity and reliability of the questionnaire that evaluates factors associated with perceived environmental behavior and perceived ecological purchasing behavior in Peruvian consumers

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Lopez-Odar ◽  
Aldo Alvarez-Risco ◽  
Aristides Vara-Horna ◽  
Raquel Chafloque-Cespedes ◽  
M. Chandra Sekar
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Purchasing Behavior ◽  
Environmental Identity ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Metric Properties

Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the metric properties of a questionnaire that evaluates environmental and ecological purchasing behavior, environmental personal norms, environmental identity and environmental social influence. Design/methodology/approach The validity and reliability of the scales of the questionnaires were determined in a sample of 2445 consumers from Lima (Peru), selected through non-probabilistic sampling by quotas and by factorial analysis based on Classical Theory of Tests (CTT) and Structural Equations of Variance with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Findings The results support the construct and discriminant validity of the instrument, as well as the internal consistency of all the subscales (Cronbach’s alpha between 0.662 and 0.8887 – composite reliability between 0.815 and 0.917). Research limitations/implications Customers evaluated were only from Lima city. It would be important to evaluate, in future research, customers from other cities in Peru. Practical implications Although a large number of instruments have been designed, not all are based on integral theoretical models, and their metric properties were determined with methodological criteria that restrict their applicability. Therefore, there is a need to have valid and reliable instruments for the identification of environmental behavior and ecological purchasing. Social implications This “new questionnaire” integrates the exploration of environmental behavior and ecological purchasing, along with the measurement of personal environmental norms, environmental identity and the social influence received from peers and teachers, to provide a comprehensive picture of the consumer behavior. Originality/value This research constitutes a theoretical and practical contribution to the understanding and evaluation of ecological behavior and some of its associated factors. Its main contribution is the adaptation of this instrument to the Peruvian context and the validation of an instrument that evaluates environmental and ecological purchasing behavior, personal environmental standards, environmental identity and environmental social influence.

Capabilities for managing business processes: a measurement instrument

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Van Looy
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Purpose Well-founded measurements are of high value because a better connection between business process management (BPM) and maturity models (MMs) improves an organization’s performance. Although MMs are appropriate tools for organizations to manage their business processes and, therefore, enjoy popularity, most of these models suffer from their foundation, validation and/or capability coverage. The purpose of this paper is to address this issue by providing metrics to measure and manage business processes. Design/methodology/approach A high-standard and multistaged procedure was followed to systematically develop and validate the measurement instrument involving international academics and practitioners across four continents. Different rounds were used for item identification, item selection, item revision, instrument preparation (pretest and pilot) and instrument application using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Findings The instrument measures 4 main capability areas, 13 subareas and 62 items. The work explains how to conduct BPM assessments in a more theoretically sound way and reports on the instrument’s development to show high levels of construct validity, content validity and reliability. Research limitations/implications The author provides a rigorous and more evidence-based instrument, facilitating the BPM discipline’s need of empirical research. Practical implications The author proposes parameters to configure the instrument. Originality/value Serving as a reference framework, the instrument strengthens BPM’s empirical and theoretical foundations. Since the instrument is free for scholars and practitioners, the author illustrates the research streams and business situations in which the instrument can be applied (in full or in part). This paper paves the way for transforming the instrument into an optimization MM with advice or improvement paths, bridging the gap between theory and practice.

scholarly journals The antecedents of entrepreneurial intention among women entrepreneurs in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-92
Author(s):  
Sakshi Chhabra ◽  
Rajasekaran Raghunathan ◽  
N.V. Muralidhar Rao
Keyword(s):  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the role of entrepreneurial intention in promoting women entrepreneurship in Indian micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). This study seeks to clarify the construct of entrepreneurial intention and then reports the validation of the entrepreneurial intention instrument. Design/methodology/approach An instrument has been designed and administered on a sample of 103 respondents across India from women entrepreneurs to understand the entrepreneurial intention by using cluster and snowball sampling. The data has been streamlined and then analyzed using descriptive analysis for validity and reliability checks. Findings This research was aimed to determine the constructs of entrepreneurial intention. Through data analysis, it has been observed that the reliability coefficients reveal the adequacy of the sample. The Cronbach’s alpha values for all the items in the instrument were found to be greater than or equal to 0.6. Strong correlations were also found between direct and indirect measures of entrepreneurial intention and hence confirmed that all the measures in the instrument were well constructed. Analysis has also explained the relationship between various constructs of entrepreneurial intention by using Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Strong and positive values of correlation explain the existence of the convergent and discriminant validity of the instrument. Research limitations/implications The research results obtained from the analysis of reliability and validity tests not only provides the establishment of the relationship among the various constructs but also suggests that the model provides a promising potential to measure entrepreneurial intention. This study will contribute to new knowledge of the conditions of women entrepreneurship from different perspectives by developing and validating an analytic model for promoting the women entrepreneurship in MSMEs of India. Practical implications From a government perspective, this model will help in designing training programmes for promoting women entrepreneurship in India. The obtained result also brings significant implications for practice as well as raises a broad future direction for other researchers Originality/value Extended SCCT model has recently suggested an inclusive framework of factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention, there is not much attempt made in research using this theory as background for predicting intention in the context of women entrepreneurship. This paper attempts to fill this gap by formulating a conceptual model for measuring entrepreneurial intention among women entrepreneurs by integrating and adapting the constructs of extended social cognitive career theory model and entrepreneurial potential model.

School leadership styles among educators in Abu Dhabi

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Litz ◽  
Qusay Abu Juma ◽  
Kevin S. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
Private School ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Government School ◽  
Administrative Practices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lead Teachers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on an examination of the perceptions of two principals and two lead teachers regarding their own leadership styles, including how they define and perform their roles as leaders. Design/methodology/approach – The research employed a case study design whereby two principals and two lead teachers (one of each from a government school (GS) and a private school in Abu Dhabi UAE) were interviewed over the course of one semester. Findings – Results suggest that the two principals viewed themselves as succeeding in six domains – school climate, school leadership, personnel management, administration and school management, student management, and relationships with parents and the community – but that they desired to improve with regard to curriculum development and professional and in-service development. The two lead teachers primarily defined their leadership roles as providing assistance to others and modeling best practice and flexibility, and considered themselves bridges between other teachers and the administration, as well as task facilitators and task achievers. Originality/value – The paper reveals that both principals and teachers in Abu Dhabi engage in a number of activities consistent with much of the literature on effective school leadership styles. However, the findings also shed light on several marked differences between private and GSs in the Emirate, a lack of genuine collaboration between principals and teachers, and possible constraints on school leadership caused by top-down administrative practices.

Subordinates’ perceptions of supervisor paternalism: a scale development

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Fernanda Wagstaff ◽  
Adrienne Collela ◽  
María del Carmen Triana ◽  
Alexis Nicole Smith ◽  
Marla Baskerville Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Scale Development ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Control

Purpose – Drawing from social dominance theories and conceptualizations of paternalism, the purpose of this paper is to define and develop a measure of subordinates’ perceptions of supervisor paternalism (SPSP). Design/methodology/approach – The authors assess the validity of the measure using Hinkin’s (1998) scale development steps. Findings – The authors found evidence of the convergent and discriminant validity of the measure of subordinates’ perceptions of supervisor paternalism drawing from three different samples. Participants in the study were also able to differentiate a low from a high paternalism condition using the measure of paternalism. Finally, as expected, the interaction between a supervisor’s benevolence and control was significantly associated with subordinates’ perceptions of supervisor paternalism. Research limitations/implications – The authors provide evidence for the validity of a measure of subordinates’ perceptions of supervisor paternalism while controlling for various status signals represented by demographic variables. Results may have been influenced by common method variance. However, there is no theoretical reason to expect any such interactions. Additionally, as the authors limited the data collection to the USA, the authors caution against generalizing beyond that context. Practical implications – The authors provide validity and reliability evidence for a unidimensional measure that is short and easy to administer in future research to further examine the consequences of perceptions of supervisor paternalism. Social implications – Defining and measuring subordinates’ perceptions of supervisor paternalism is important to society given the potential adverse consequences of these perceptions. Because paternalistic relationships pervade many supervisor-subordinate interactions, both subordinates and supervisors can become more sensitive to the consequences of such interactions by understanding the conditions under which supervisor paternalism manifests itself. Originality/value – Conceptually, in this study, the authors build on prior research and define supervisor paternalism from a social dominance perspective. Empirically, the authors contribute a statistically valid and reliable unidimensional measure.

Do school leaders in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi predominantly practice a transformational, transactional, or laissez-faire style of leadership?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Aldhaheri
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
School Leaders ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Laissez Faire

Purpose The purpose of this study is to understand the predominant leadership style of school leaders in Abu Dhabi. The leadership style deployed by a school leader affects the performance of the school and its pupils. Methods for identifying the leadership style of school leaders in the UAE have varied, and it is difficult to conclude what the predominant leadership style is. Some studies have sought only to identify a specific leadership style, whilst others have focussed on a particular school type. Changes and improvements cannot be made without an understanding of the baseline leadership style. Design/methodology/approach The 36-item multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ)5x questionnaire (Bass and Avolio, 2004) is used to quantitatively understand the full range of school leaders’ leadership styles, with 167 respondents from across both public and private schools. Findings School leaders predominantly exhibited transformational leadership, practising transactional leadership less frequently and rarely using laissez-faire leadership. This is a positive finding for schools in the UAE; transformational leadership has been shown to result in improved subordinate and organisational performance. Differences between school leaders in public and private schools were tested and are discussed. Dimension reduction techniques were used to assess the structure of the 36-item MLQ5x but did not provide results that met minimum requirements for acceptability. Possible reasons for this are discussed. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first to fully explore and baseline an understanding of the predominant leadership style amongst school leaders in the UAE, identifying the full range of leadership styles – transformation, transactional and laissez-faire – in both public and private schools.

Mediating role of customer’s satisfaction on Jaiz bank products: a model development

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tijjani Muhammad ◽  
Besar Bin Ngah
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Average Variance

Purpose This study developed a model for the mediation role of satisfaction on Jaiz bank products and services as an alternative way of improving customer’s subjective experiences of banking in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopted structural equation modelling’s confirmatory factory analysis with three-factor theory. Composite reliability, average variance extracted and discriminant validity were used to test the validity and reliability of data collected from a sample of 345 participants comprising senior, middle and lower-income earners. Also, descriptive statistics and independent analysis of variance were used for the analyses. Findings This paper provides insights into how Jaiz bank products and services will significantly improved the social lifestyle of Nigeria. Findings also indicates how context-specific Islamic bank products and services are embedded in the social ordering of communities in Nigeria and thus facilitate a more satisfactory and productive experience of customers. Practical implications Findings from the study provide insight and inform managers in making an informed decision on the products and services offered to a section of the popular, where strategic and analytical insights could strengthen different segments of the banking system in Nigeria. This study emphasises the significance of Islamic banking within the specific context of Nigeria, and also has an obvious theory and management implications. Originality/value It is hard to find a research paper discussing the mediation role of customer’s satisfaction on Jaiz bank products and services in improving the social lifestyle of Nigerians. This study provides a model that can be adopted in analysing products and services of Islamic banks based on customer’s satisfaction.

Perception of Nigerian Muslim account holders in conventional banks toward Islamic banking products

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabiru Jinjiri Ringim
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conventional Bank

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to determine the level of perception of a Muslim account holder in a conventional bank toward Islamic banking products and to determine the relationship between the perception levels of Nigerian’s account holder’s and their decision to patronize Islamic banking. Personal perception factor is operationalized as opinion or observations, which are able to influence customer’s decision to patronize Islamic banking products and services. Design/methodology/approach – A field survey was conducted and samples drawn using proportionate stratified simple random sampling techniques. Out of the 500 questionnaires distributed by hand, only 304 were returned and 286 were usable for the data analysis using SPSS and PLS Modeling Software. Findings – First, the means for personal perception variable was 4.91 with standard deviation of 1.007. This indicates the good perception level of Islamic products by Muslim account holders in a conventional bank in Kano, Nigeria. The respondents’ level of decision to patronize the Islamic banking products and services was satisfactory. Second, the results also showed that the research framework model, structural model and hypothesis were supported. In the measurement model, the convergent, discriminant validity and reliability/composite reliability of the perception construct were assessed favorably. The results revealed that perception was positively associated with a Muslim account holder’s decision to patronize Islamic banking products. Research limitations/implications – The study is subject to several shortcomings that limit interpretation of findings. One of the limitations of this study is the use of cross-sectional design for survey research and subjective self-reported perceptual measures in assessing the studies. Hence, the findings of this study cannot be generalized in a larger context across the cultures of other countries. Practical implications – The implication of this study is for the Islamic banking industry to focus on the people’s level of perception, government support, quality and availability of Islamic banking products and services that would have an impact on customer decision to patronize Islamic banking products. The necessary suggestions on new area of research were recommended for future researchers. Social implications – Islamic banks have the potential to exploit and market to various segments of customers extending beyond those who are concerned with the legitimacy of the facility from the Islamic point of view and those who seek service quality, convenience and efficient transactions. To the practitioners in search of patronage of Islamic banking products and services, patronage studies on Islamic banking have so far largely focused on the combination of various religious, reputation, commercial, service satisfaction, staff, confidentiality and convenience factors. Originality/value – The results of the present study establish the major problem that requires urgent attention needed to strengthen public education toward the distinctive characteristics of Islamic banks and how it may profitably suit the interest of customers in their financial dealings.

Intellectual capital of SMEs in Thailand: an employee behavioural measurement instrument

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khahan Na-Nan ◽  
Suteeluck N. Kanthong ◽  
Kattikamat Khummueng ◽  
Auemporn Dhienhirun
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Research Performance ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Concepts

Purpose Intellectual capital (IC) is an important factor to push and drive organisations to achieve competitive advantages and growth. This study aims to develop and test an instrument to measure IC for employee behaviour in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach The measurement instrument was designed after assessing literature reviews on IC that provided a strong theoretical support for application of a specific set of items in the SME context. Instrument validity and reliability were tested for item-objective congruence by five experts. The results ranged between 0.8 and 1.0, with a reliability coefficient of 0.950. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to confirm construct validity between theoretical and empirical evidence. Data were collected from 240 hairdressers employed by SMEs in Thailand. Findings The results revealed that IC can be classified into two groups as human capital and relational capital. Constructs between theoretical concepts and empirical evidence gave values of χ2 = 42.336, df = 35, p = 0.184, χ2/df = 1.210, GFI = 0.972, AGFI = 0.938, RMSEA = 0.030 and SRMR = 0.018. Research limitations/implications Empirical findings were derived from a sample of 240 hairdressers. However, validation and reliability of the instruments require confirmation in various other contexts with a larger number of samples. This cross-sectional study identified the effects of IC in SMEs, thereby contributing to the ongoing debate regarding the determinants of research performance. Originality/value The IC instrument was determined as valid and fulfilled the knowledge gap concerning SMEs by facilitating future studies on boundaries with IC assessment spanning SME contexts. This instrumental support will assist researchers and academics to develop a more comprehensive understanding of IC and explore its potential in future research areas.

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