Improved binomial and Poisson approximations to the Type-A operating characteristic function

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya Chukhrova ◽  
Arne Johannssen
Keyword(s):  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Type A ◽  
Computational Effort ◽  
Acceptance Sampling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Type Approximation ◽  
Operating Characteristic Function ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Binomial Type

PurposeIn acceptance sampling, the hypergeometric operating characteristic (OC) function (so called type-A OC) is used to be approximated by the binomial or Poisson OC function, which actually reduce computational effort, but do not provide suffcient approximation results. The purpose of this paper is to examine binomial- and Poisson-type approximations to the hypergeometric distribution, in order to find a simple but accurate approximation that can be successfully applied in acceptance sampling.Design/methodology/approachThe authors present a new binomial-type approximation for the type-A OC function, and derive its properties. Further, the authors compare this approximation via an extensive numerical study with other common approximations in terms of variation distance and relative efficiency under various conditions on the parameters including limiting cases.FindingsThe introduced approximation generates best numerical results over a wide range of parameter values, and ensures arithmetic simplicity of the binomial distribution and high accuracy to meet requirements regarding acceptance sampling problems. Additionally, it can considerably reduce the computational effort in relation to the type-A OC function and therefore is strongly recommended for calculating sampling plans.Originality/valueThe newly presented approximation provides a remarkably close fit to the type-A OC function, is discrete and needs no correction for continuity, and is skewed in the same direction by roughly the same amount as the exact OC. Due to less factorials, this OC in general involves lower powers than the type-A OC function. Moreover, the binomial-type approximation is easy to fit to the conventional statistical computing packages.

Inspection tables for single acceptance sampling with crisp and fuzzy formulation of quality limits

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1755-1791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya Chukhrova ◽  
Arne Johannssen
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Characteristic Function ◽  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Statistical Quality Control ◽  
Acceptance Sampling ◽  
Sampling Plans ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Operating Characteristic Function

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to construct innovative exact and approximative sampling plans for acceptance sampling in statistical quality control. These sampling plans are determined for crisp and fuzzy formulation of quality limits, various lot sizes and common α- and β-levels. Design/methodology/approach The authors use generalized fuzzy hypothesis testing to determine sampling plans with fuzzified quality limits. This test method allows a consideration of the indifference zone related to expert opinion or user priorities. In addition to the exact sampling plans calculated with the hypergeometric operating characteristic function, the authors consider approximative sampling plans using a little known, but excellent operating characteristic function. Further, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis of calculated sampling plans is performed, in order to examine how the inspection effort depends on crisp and fuzzy formulation of quality limits, the lot size and specifications of the producer’s and consumer’s risks. Findings The results related the parametric sensitivity analysis of the calculated sampling plans and the conclusions regarding the approximation quality provide the user a comprehensive basis for a direct implementation of the sampling plans in practice. Originality/value The constructed sampling plans ensure the simultaneous control of producer’s and consumer’s risks with the smallest possible inspection effort on the one hand and a consideration of expert opinion or user priorities on the other hand.

scholarly journals A Research Algorithm to Sentence the Lots for Costly or Destructive Products in Mixed Quality Characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S4) ◽  
pp. 850-853
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Function ◽  
Operating Procedure ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Acceptance Sampling ◽  
Sampling Plans ◽  
Operating Characteristic Function ◽  
Acceptance Sampling Plans ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Selection Of

This paper deals with the new operating procedure of Acceptance Sampling Plans for costly or destructive products when the incoming lots have mixed quality characteristics. The Operating Characteristic function and other associated measures of the plan are derived and provided. The procedure is given and designing of sampling plan are indexed through standard quality levels. Tables are constructed for easy selection of the plan.Illustrations are also provided.

Selection of single sampling plans by attributes under the conditions of zero-inflated Poisson distribution

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1002-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loganathan Appaia ◽  
Shalini Kandaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Sampling Plans ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Number Of Zeros ◽  
Operating Characteristic Function ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine single sampling plans (SSPs) by attributes when the number of nonconformities is distributed according to a zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) distribution. Design/methodology/approach – Manufacturing processes have now-a-days been aligned properly and are monitored well, so that the occurrence of nonconformities would be a rare phenomenon. The information related to number of nonconformities per product will have more number of zeros. Under such circumstances, the appropriate probability distribution of the number of nonconformities is a ZIP distribution. The operating characteristic function of the sampling plan is derived. Findings – Parameters of the sampling plans are obtained for some sets of values of (p 1, α, p 2, β). Numerical examples are given to illustrate the selection of SSPs under ZIP distribution and to study its advantages over Poisson SSP. Originality/value – Results obtained in this paper are original and has been done for the first time in this regard. Parameters of the sampling plans are essential to make decisions either to accept or reject the lots based on the inspection of the samples.

Acceptance Sampling Plans Based on Truncated Lifetime Tests for Transmuted Inverse Rayleigh Distribution

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer I. Al-Omari
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Rayleigh Distribution ◽  
Acceptance Sampling ◽  
Sampling Plans ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Operating Characteristic Function ◽  
Acceptance Sampling Plans ◽  
Mean Lifetime ◽  
Predetermined Level

AbstractIn this paper, we propose acceptance sampling plans for transmuted inverse Rayleigh distribution when the lifetime time is truncated at a predetermined level. We consider various characteristics of the acceptance sampling plans such as confidence levels, acceptance numbers, ratio of the experimental time to such a specified average, minimum requisite sample size to affirm a certain mean lifetime assuming transmuted inverse Rayleigh distribution. The minimum sample size, the operating characteristic function values of the new sampling plans as well as the producer’s risk are obtained and the results are illustrated by examples.

scholarly journals Transfer of Plasmid DNA to Clinical Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Pathogens by Using a Unique Bacteriophage

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 2481-2488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Winstel ◽  
Petra Kühner ◽  
Bernhard Krismer ◽  
Andreas Peschel ◽  
Holger Rohde
Keyword(s):  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genetic Barriers

ABSTRACTGenetic manipulation of emerging bacterial pathogens, such as coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), is a major hurdle in clinical and basic microbiological research. Strong genetic barriers, such as restriction modification systems or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), usually interfere with available techniques for DNA transformation and therefore complicate manipulation of CoNS or render it impossible. Thus, current knowledge of pathogenicity and virulence determinants of CoNS is very limited. Here, a rapid, efficient, and highly reliable technique is presented to transfer plasmid DNA essential for genetic engineering to important CoNS pathogens from a uniqueStaphylococcus aureusstrain via a specificS. aureusbacteriophage, Φ187. Even strains refractory to electroporation can be transduced by this technique once donor and recipient strains share similar Φ187 receptor properties. As a proof of principle, this technique was used to delete the alternative transcription factor sigma B (SigB) via allelic replacement in nasal and clinicalStaphylococcus epidermidisisolates at high efficiencies. The described approach will allow the genetic manipulation of a wide range of CoNS pathogens and might inspire research activities to manipulate other important pathogens in a similar fashion.

Group acceptance sampling plan for resubmitted lots based on life tests for odds exponential log logistic distribution

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1343-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaiah K. ◽  
Srinivasa Rao Gadde ◽  
Kalyani K. ◽  
Sivakumar D.C.U.
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Sampling Plan ◽  
Logistic Distribution ◽  
Acceptance Sampling ◽  
Consumer’S Risk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Acceptance Sampling Plan ◽  
Minimum Group ◽  
Termination Time ◽  
Group Acceptance

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a group acceptance sampling plan (GASP) for a resubmitted lot when the lifetime of a product follows odds exponential log logistic distribution introduced by Rao and Rao (2014). The parameters of the proposed plan such as minimum group size and acceptance number are determined for a pre-specified consumer’s risk, number of testers and the test termination time. The authors compare the proposed plan with the ordinary GASP, and the results are illustrated with live data example. Design/methodology/approach The parameters of the proposed plan such as minimum group size and acceptance number are determined for a pre-specified consumer’s risk, number of testers and the test termination time. Findings The authors determined the group size and acceptance number. Research limitations/implications No specific limitations. Practical implications This methodology can be applicable in industry to study quality control. Social implications This methodology can be applicable in health study. Originality/value The parameters of the proposed plan such as minimum group size and acceptance number are determined for a pre-specified consumer’s risk, number of testers and the test termination time.

scholarly journals Use of Proteins Identified through a Functional Genomic Screen To Develop a Protein Subunit Vaccine That Provides Significant Protection against Virulent Streptococcus suis in Pigs

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Brockmeier ◽  
Crystal L. Loving ◽  
Tracy L. Nicholson ◽  
Jinhong Wang ◽  
Sarah E. Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Streptococcus Suis ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Clinical Protection ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT Streptococcus suis is a bacterium that is commonly carried in the respiratory tract and that is also one of the most important invasive pathogens of swine, commonly causing meningitis, arthritis, and septicemia. Due to the existence of many serotypes and a wide range of immune evasion capabilities, efficacious vaccines are not readily available. The selection of S. suis protein candidates for inclusion in a vaccine was accomplished by identifying fitness genes through a functional genomics screen and selecting conserved predicted surface-associated proteins. Five candidate proteins were selected for evaluation in a vaccine trial and administered both intranasally and intramuscularly with one of two different adjuvant formulations. Clinical protection was evaluated by subsequent intranasal challenge with virulent S. suis . While subunit vaccination with the S. suis proteins induced IgG antibodies to each individual protein and a cellular immune response to the pool of proteins and provided substantial protection from challenge with virulent S. suis , the immune response elicited and the degree of protection were dependent on the parenteral adjuvant given. Subunit vaccination induced IgG reactive against different S. suis serotypes, indicating a potential for cross protection.

scholarly journals Strain Sensor via Wood Anomalies in 2D Dielectric Array

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1022
Author(s):  
Rashid G. Bikbaev ◽  
Ivan V. Timofeev ◽  
Vasiliy F. Shabanov
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Reciprocal Lattice ◽  
Strain Sensing ◽  
Photonic Materials ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sensor Structure ◽  
Optical Behavior ◽  
Chlorophyll Absorption

Optical sensing is one of many promising applications for all-dielectric photonic materials. Herein, we present an analytical and numerical study on the strain-responsive spectral properties of a bioinspired sensor. The sensor structure contains a two-dimensional periodic array of dielectric nanodisks to mimic the optical behavior of grana lamellae inside chloroplasts. To accumulate a noticeable response, we exploit the collective optical mode in grana ensemble. In higher plants, such a mode appears as Wood’s anomaly near the chlorophyll absorption line to control the photosynthesis rate. The resonance is shown persistent against moderate biological disorder and deformation. Under the stretching or compression of a symmetric structure, the mode splits into a couple of polarized modes. The frequency difference is accurately detected. It depends on the stretch coefficient almost linearly providing easy calibration of the strain-sensing device. The sensitivity of the considered structure remains at 5 nm/% in a wide range of strain. The influence of the stretching coefficient on the length of the reciprocal lattice vectors, as well as on the angle between them, is taken into account. This adaptive phenomenon is suggested for sensing applications in biomimetic optical nanomaterials.

Numerical study of geometric morphing wings of the 1303 UCAV

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
B. Nugroho ◽  
J. Brett ◽  
B.T. Bleckly ◽  
R.C. Chin
Keyword(s):  
Flight Control ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Morphing Wing ◽  
Rolling Moment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Morphing Wings ◽  
Wing Geometry ◽  
Lift And Drag ◽  
Wing Morphing

ABSTRACT Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles (UCAVs) are believed by many to be the future of aerial strike/reconnaissance capability. This belief led to the design of the UCAV 1303 by Boeing Phantom Works and the US Airforce Lab in the late 1990s. Because UCAV 1303 is expected to take on a wide range of mission roles that are risky for human pilots, it needs to be highly adaptable. Geometric morphing can provide such adaptability and allow the UCAV 1303 to optimise its physical feature mid-flight to increase the lift-to-drag ratio, manoeuvrability, cruise distance, flight control, etc. This capability is extremely beneficial since it will enable the UCAV to reconcile conflicting mission requirements (e.g. loiter and dash within the same mission). In this study, we conduct several modifications to the wing geometry of UCAV 1303 via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to analyse its aerodynamic characteristics produced by a range of different wing geometric morphs. Here we look into two specific geometric morphing wings: linear twists on one of the wings and linear twists at both wings (wash-in and washout). A baseline CFD of the UCAV 1303 without any wing morphing is validated against published wind tunnel data, before proceeding to simulate morphing wing configurations. The results show that geometric morphing wing influences the UCAV-1303 aerodynamic characteristics significantly, improving the coefficient of lift and drag, pitching moment and rolling moment.

scholarly journals A Computational Study on the Role of Parameters for Identification of Thyroid Nodules by Infrared Images (and Comparison with Real Data)

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4459
Author(s):  
José R. González ◽  
Charbel Damião ◽  
Maira Moran ◽  
Cristina A. Pantaleão ◽  
Rubens A. Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Infrared Sensors ◽  
Wide Range

According to experts and medical literature, healthy thyroids and thyroids containing benign nodules tend to be less inflamed and less active than those with malignant nodules. It seems to be a consensus that malignant nodules have more blood veins and more blood circulation. This may be related to the maintenance of the nodule’s heat at a higher level compared with neighboring tissues. If the internal heat modifies the skin radiation, then it could be detected by infrared sensors. The goal of this work is the investigation of the factors that allow this detection, and the possible relation with any pattern referent to nodule malignancy. We aim to consider a wide range of factors, so a great number of numerical simulations of the heat transfer in the region under analysis, based on the Finite Element method, are performed to study the influence of each nodule and patient characteristics on the infrared sensor acquisition. To do so, the protocol for infrared thyroid examination used in our university’s hospital is simulated in the numerical study. This protocol presents two phases. In the first one, the body under observation is in steady state. In the second one, it is submitted to thermal stress (transient state). Both are simulated in order to verify if it is possible (by infrared sensors) to identify different behavior referent to malignant nodules. Moreover, when the simulation indicates possible important aspects, patients with and without similar characteristics are examined to confirm such influences. The results show that the tissues between skin and thyroid, as well as the nodule size, have an influence on superficial temperatures. Other thermal parameters of thyroid nodules show little influence on surface infrared emissions, for instance, those related to the vascularization of the nodule. All details of the physical parameters used in the simulations, characteristics of the real nodules and thermal examinations are publicly available, allowing these simulations to be compared with other types of heat transfer solutions and infrared examination protocols. Among the main contributions of this work, we highlight the simulation of the possible range of parameters, and definition of the simulation approach for mapping the used infrared protocol, promoting the investigation of a possible relation between the heat transfer process and the data obtained by infrared acquisitions.

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