Vegetable oil-based cutting fluids and its behavioral characteristics in machining processes: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pranav ◽  
E. Sneha ◽  
S. Rani
Keyword(s):  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Cutting Fluids ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Mineral Oils

Purpose This paper aims to provide a detailed review of various cutting fluids (CFs). Design/methodology/approach Friction and wear are inevitable in machine parts in motion. The industrial sector uses various kinds of lubricants, which include engine oils, CFs, hydraulic fluids, greases, etc. to control friction and wear. The main purpose of using CF is to remove heat produced during machining and to reduce cutting forces, tool wear and energy associated with it. Thus, it increases the productivity and quality of the manufacturing process. But more than 80% of the CFs used in the industries now are mineral oil-based. These mineral oils and additives are highly undesirable because of their toxicity, nonbiodegradability, pollution and ecological problems. Hence, these petroleum-based oils in the lubrication system can be substituted with alternatives such as vegetable-based CF. Several studies are being conducted in the field of eco-friendly CFs. Because of the variance in fatty acid profile and availability, the selection of vegetable oils (VOs) is another problem faced nowadays. The present study is focused on bio-based oils and many eco-friendly additives. Various machining processes and comparisons relating to the same have also been made. The aim is to minimize the use of mineral oil and thereby introduce sustainability in production. Findings In this present study, bio-based oils, additives and various characteristic behavior of them in machining are being discussed. The VOs are found to be a potential base oil for industrial CFs. Originality/value This paper describes the importance of sustainable CFs.

Tool wear in dry turning and wet turning with non-toxic cutting fluid

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1649-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Ozimina ◽  
Monika Madej ◽  
Joanna Kowalczyk ◽  
Ewa Ozimina ◽  
Stanislaw Plaza
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Cutting Fluids ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Workpiece Surface ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Contact Wetting Angle

PurposeThis study aims to determine the properties of a new non-toxic cutting fluid and compared with cutting fluid based on mineral oil.Design/methodology/approachThe tool wear was measured under dry and wet cutting conditions. The non-toxic cutting fluid was compared with cutting fluid based on mineral oil. The experiments were carried out using CTX 310 ECO numerical control lathe. The wear of the cutting tools was measured by means of stereo zoom microscopy (SX80), while the elements were identified through scanning electron microscopy (JSM 7100F). The workpiece surface texture was studied using a Talysurf CCI Lite non-contact 3D profiler. The contact wetting angle was established with a KSV CAM 100 tester.FindingsThe non-toxic cutting fluid has reached comparable coefficient of friction with a coolant containing mineral oil. The use of the non-toxic cutting fluid with low foaming tendency resulted in lower wear.Practical implicationsMachining processes require that cutting fluids be applied to reduce the tool wear and improve the quality of the workpiece surface. Cutting fluids serve numerous purposes such as they act as coolants and lubricants, remove chips and temporarily prevent corrosion of the product.Originality/valueThe investigations discussed in this paper have contributed to the development of non-toxic and environmentally friendly manufacturing because of the use of cutting fluid containing zinc aspartate and its comparison with commonly used cutting fluid.

Evaluation of tribological properties of Ceiba pentandra (kapok) seed oil as an alternative lubricant

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shankar ◽  
M. Manikandan ◽  
G. Raja
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Ceiba Pentandra ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

Purpose The decrease in availability of mineral oils and their environmental hazards created the need to search for alternate bio-based oils. The aim of this study is to investigate the friction and wear characteristics of kapok (Ceiba pentandra) oil as a bio-lubricant. Design/methodology/approach The wear and friction characteristics between steel-steel contact under lubrication were found using a pin-on-disk tribometer under different loads and sliding speeds, respectively. The corrosion and oxidation stability of the test lubricants were also analyzed. The worn surfaces of the specimen are analyzed with the help of an optical microscope. The obtained results were compared with palm oil and mineral oil (SAE20W 40). Findings From the investigation, it is found that the kapok oil possess a lower coefficient of friction and wear rate than palm and mineral oil. It is also found that the coefficient of friction varies proportionally and the wear rate varies inversely with the sliding speed as expected. Originality/value The present results confirm that the kapok oil can be used as an alternative lubricant to reduce the demand for mineral-based oil lubricants.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of the Use of Waste Mineral Oils as a Fuel with Organic-based Mn Additive

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bulent Özdalyan ◽  
Recep Ç. Orman
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Heat Value ◽  
Different Doses

The heat values of waste mineral oils are equal to the heat value of the fuel oil. However, heat value alone is not sufficient for the use of waste mineral oils. as fuel. However, the critical physical properties of fuels such as density and viscosity need to be adapted to the system in order to be used. In this study, the engine oils used in the first 10,000 km of the vehicles were used as waste mineral oil. An organic-based Mn additive was synthesized to improve the properties of the waste mineral oil. It was observed that mixing the Mn additive with the waste mineral oil at different doses (4, 8, 12 and 16 ppm) improves the viscosity of the waste oil and the flash point. The resulting fuel was evaluated for emission using different loads in a 5 kW capacity generator to compare the fuel with standard diesel fuel and to determine the effect of Mn addition. In the experimental study, it was observed that the emission characteristics of the fuel obtained from waste mineral oil were worse than diesel fuel, but some improvement with Mn addition. As a result, we found that the use of waste mineral oils in engines in fuel standards was not appropriate, but may be improved with additives.

Influence of steadite on the tribological behavior of cylinder liners

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Cousseau ◽  
Edison Serbino ◽  
Edney Rejowski ◽  
Amilton Sinatora
Keyword(s):  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Piston Ring ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Real Area Of Contact ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Cylinder Liners ◽  
Real Area

Purpose This paper aims to understand the effect of steadite in gray cast iron (GCI) cylinder liners performance (friction and wear) when lubricated with new lube oil formulations to verify if steadite can be reduced or suppressed from cylinder liners composition. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents an experimental approach to quantify the separated effect of lube additives and steadite content on GCI performance. Friction and wear of GCI samples with and without steadite were analyzed under lubricated conditions with a 5W30 lubricant and a base oil of similar viscosity under operating conditions similar to the ones observed at the top dead center of Otto engines. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-EDS analysis was used to evaluate wear and tribofilm formation. Findings The paper shows that steadite stabilizes friction coefficient and slightly reduces wear in the tests performed with base oil. However, its advantages are marginal in comparison to the ones provided by the fully formulated oil. Furthermore, SEM-EDS analyses of the wear track showed that steadite does not chemically react with zinc and sulfur compounds, reducing the tribofilm formation on the real area of contact and consequently changing the tribosystem behavior. Originality/value This paper covers an identified need to study the effect of lube additives and GCI composition using actual piston ring and cylinder liners under operating conditions similar to the ones observed at the top dead center of Otto engines.

A Review on the Performance of Tribological Properties of Cutting Fluids

2015 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
S. Ganesh ◽  
Jamaludeen Umar Mohamed ◽  
C. Rajaganapathy ◽  
V. Saravanakumar
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Cutting Fluids ◽  
Mechanical Field ◽  
Major Application ◽  
Machining Operations

Tribology deals with friction, wear and lubricants. It plays an important role in mechanical field. It finds its major application in industrial and automotive sector, in which this thesis considered the tribology in metal removal industrial sector. In that application, the role of cutting fluid in lathe machining operations have been chosen. One of the most important challenging cases is to minimize the friction in machining of titanium alloys. While machining, the heat should be minimized as low as possible. This thesis deals with the study of cutting fluids in machining of titanium alloys. The problem occurs while using mineral oil as a cutting fluid in machining that it is non-biodegradable in nature and affects the environment while disposing it. This thesis aims to identify the alternate cutting fluids instead of mineral oil, which is to be effective cooling and non-toxic to environment. For that, Machining condition should be controllable by using some grammar rule without affecting the Productivity.

Nanodiamond-based Nanolubricants: polyester oil based formulations

2012 ◽  
Vol 1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivanov ◽  
D. Ivanov ◽  
S.V. Pavlyshko ◽  
A. Koscheev ◽  
Olga A. Shenderova
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Lubricant Additives ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Detonation Nanodiamond ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Additional Possibility ◽  
Lubricating Properties

ABSTRACTIn the current work tribological properties of different compositions of lubricant additives based on detonation nanodiamond (DND) particles are reported. As compared to the previous findings using polyalphaolefin oil as a base oil for the additives, it is demonstrated that polymer esters are also a valuable base oil for the additive preparation. It is also demonstrated that synergistic compositions of DND with organic molybdenum provide significant improvement of the polyalphaolephin and mineral oils lubricating properties. Treatment of of DND with fluorine containing gases is an additional possibility toward reduced friction and wear of the DND-based nanolubricants.

Effects of antiwear additives in the base oil on the tribological performance of hydrogen-free DLC coating

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Ng ◽  
Sujeet Kumar Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Antiwear Additives ◽  
Dlc Coatings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Dlc Coating ◽  
Hydraulic Fluids ◽  
Coated Surface ◽  
Exhaust After Treatment

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of zinc dialkyl dithiophophates (ZDDP) and ash-less triphenyl phosphorothionate (TPPT) on hydrogen-free diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings. For many years, ZDDP have traditionally been used in engine oils as antiwear (AW) and extreme pressure (EP) additives. However, additives containing sulfated ash, phosphorus and sulfur (SAPS) have a detrimental effect on the exhaust after-treatment device found on modern vehicles. Besides the automotive industry, DLC is also used in hydraulic applications where zinc-free and ash-less hydraulic fluids have gradually gained popularity in recent years. Design/methodology/approach – The tribological tests were performed using a disk-on-cylinder tribometer, where the stationary hydrogen-free DLC-coated steel disk formed a line contact with an uncoated rotating steel shaft under lubricated conditions. Findings – It was found that TPPT and ZDDP separately at a concentration of 1.0 wt% increased the amount of friction of the base oil by approximately four times. TPPT appeared more effective than ZDDP in minimizing wear on the DLC-coated surface. Also, primary ZDDP seemed to have a more detrimental effect on the DLC-coated surface compared to a mixture of primary and secondary ZDDP. With regard to surface roughness of the hydrogen-free DLC-coated surface, the values corresponding to a lubricant containing TPPT were lower than those obtained for a lubricant with ZDDP and a lubricant without any additive. Originality/value – This is the first report on the effects of ZDDP and ash-less TPPT on the tribology of hydrogen-free DLC coatings.

Friction and Wear Behavior of Titanium Complex Grease with Admixture Base Oil

2009 ◽  
Vol 419-420 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Ji Hui Yin ◽  
Jian Jun Qu ◽  
Bao Yu Song ◽  
Dai Zhong Su
Keyword(s):  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Titanium Complex ◽  
New Type ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Titanium Complex Grease

Most of the lubricants are made of mineral oil which has bad biodegradability, and, hence, seriously contaminate the environment. To minimise the lubricants’ impact on the environment, this research developed a new type of lubricant, titanium complex grease. Its base oil is the admixture of vegetable oil and mineral oil. Its production method and experimental results are presented in this paper. The friction, wear and physical-chemical properties of the grease were investigated. The morphology of wear scar of steel ball was observed using the sweep electron microscope. The results obtained contribute to the further development of environmentally friendly lubricants.

Performance evaluation of hazelnut oil with copper nanoparticles - a new entrant for sustainable lubrication

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 749-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wani K. Shafi ◽  
Ankush Raina ◽  
Mir Irfan Ul Haq
Keyword(s):  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Hazelnut Oil ◽  
Cu Nanoparticles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Lubrication Regimes ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Pin On Disc

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the friction and wear performance of Hazelnut oil with copper (Cu) nano additives. Design/methodology/approach The experiments were performed on a pin-on-disc tribometer in boundary and mixed lubrication regimes. Copper nanoparticles were added in 0.5 and 1 Wt.% concentrations and corresponding Stribeck curves were generated with a base oil and with oil containing Cu nanoparticles. Surface analysis of aluminium 6061 pins was conducted using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Findings The lubricant with 0.5 Wt.% Cu nanoparticles exhibited better results. An improvement of around 80 per cent in coefficient of friction and around 99 per cent in specific wear rate was observed. The film formation capability of the Cu nanoparticles led to an overall improvement in tribological properties of the base oil. Originality Experiments were performed to evaluate the tribological performance of a new lubricant (Hazelnut oil) using Cu nanoparticles. The results obtained herein suggest that Hazelnut oil has a great potential to replace the conventional mineral oils in the field of industrial lubrication.

Tribological performance of avocado oil containing copper nanoparticles in mixed and boundary lubrication regime

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wani Khalid Shafi ◽  
Ankush Raina ◽  
Mir Irfan Ul Haq
Keyword(s):  
Film Formation ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Stribeck Curve ◽  
Cu Nanoparticles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Avocado Oil ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Alloy 6061

Purpose This paper aims to study the tribological performance of Cu nanoparticles mixed in avocado oil. Design/methodology/approach A Pin-on-Disc tribometer was used to determine the tribological performance of avocado oil as a lubricant as well as for measuring the effectiveness of Cu nanoparticles. Stribeck curve was generated with the base oil and the oil containing Cu nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are added in 0.5 wt. % and 1 wt. % concentration. The worn-out surfaces of aluminum alloy 6061 pins are explored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Findings The use of Cu nanoparticles led to a reduction in friction and wear. Coefficient of friction (COF) was found to be minimum at 1 wt. % concentration, whereas specific wear rate was minimum for 0.5 wt. % concentration. The film-formation capability of the Cu nanoparticles led to an overall improvement in the tribological properties of the base oil. Originality/value Experiments are performed to evaluate the tribological performance of avocado oil using Cu nanoparticles. The results obtained herein suggest that avocado oil has a great potential to replace the conventional mineral oils in the field of industrial lubrication.

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