Expectancy violation in a Facebook group: What is your response?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Tomasi ◽  
Chaodong Han ◽  
James Otto
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Expectancy Violations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Expectancy Violation ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
Group Characteristics

PurposeFacebook groups provide a forum for members to post content and engage with others through comments. Sometimes members behave poorly and violate the expectations of group members. In this study, the authors build a research framework based on expectancy violation theory (EVT) to predict and better understand the behaviour and responses of members when faced with violations in their groups.Design/methodology/approachFacebook group members completed surveys regarding their interactions in social media groups. The independent variable predictors in the study were categorized by personal characteristics, relationship characteristics and group characteristics. Participants also identified expectancy violations they had encountered (either severe or mild) and identified how they would react to the two types of violations. Regression models were developed for severe and mild violations.FindingsThe regression models show that personal characteristics such as age, gender and marital status; relationship characteristics such as their social media usage frequency and their social media engagement level; group characteristics such as anonymity of users and purpose of the group as well as the perceived severity of the violation influence how a member will respond to the expectancy violation.Originality/valueThe research study extends the existing expectancy violation literature by providing a comprehensive framework to predict how users will react to negative expectancy violations. This study also has practical implications for how group administrators might manage expectancy violations.

Conspicuous consumption of luxury experiences: an experimental investigation of status perceptions on social media

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Siepmann ◽  
Lisa Carola Holthoff ◽  
Pascal Kowalczuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Conspicuous Consumption ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Status ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

Purpose As luxury goods are losing their importance for demonstrating status, wealth or power to others, individuals are searching for alternative status symbols. Recently, individuals have increasingly used conspicuous consumption and displays of experiences on social media to obtain affirmation. This study aims to analyze the effects of luxury and nonluxury experiences, as well as traditional luxury goods on status- and nonstatus-related dimensions. Design/methodology/approach After presenting the theoretical foundation, the authors conduct a study with 599 participants to compare status perceptions elicited by the conspicuous consumption of luxury goods, luxury experiences and nonluxury experiences. The authors investigate whether experiences that are visibly consumed on Instagram are replacing traditional luxury goods as the most important status symbols. Furthermore, the authors examine the effects of the content shown on nonstatus-related dimensions and analyze whether status perceptions differ between female and male social media communicators. Finally, the authors analyze how personal characteristics (self-esteem, self-actualization and materialism) influence the status perceptions of others on social media. Findings The results show that luxury goods are still the most important means of displaying status. However, especially for women, luxury experiences are also associated with a high level of social status. Thus, the results imply important gender differences in the perceptions of status- and nonstatus-related dimensions. Furthermore, the findings indicate that, in particular, the individual characteristics of self-actualization and materialism affect status perceptions depending on the posted content. Originality/value While the research has already considered some alternative forms of conspicuous consumption, little attention has been given to experiences as status symbols. However, with their growing importance as substitutes for luxury goods and the rise of social media, the desire to conspicuously consume experiences is increasing. The authors address this gap in the literature by focusing on the conspicuous display of luxury and nonluxury experiences on social media.

Do college athletics marketers convert social media growth into ticket sales?

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nels Popp ◽  
Chad McEvoy ◽  
Nicholas Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
College Athletics ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Sport Organizations ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Social Media Engagement ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between growth in social media engagement, as defined by annual percentage increase in Facebook Likes and Twitter Followers, of US college athletics departments and outcome metrics of attendance and ticket revenue. Design/methodology/approach Regression models were developed to determine the amount of variance in dependent variables (attendance and ticket revenue) could be explained by several independent variables, including team success, team history, conference affiliation, Facebook Likes, and Twitter Followers. Four years of data were collected for each variable. Findings The regression models predicted between 53 and 88 percent of the variance among dependent variables. Social media measures, however, were not statistically significant predictors of attendance or ticket revenue. Research limitations/implications The number of Facebook Likes and Twitter Followers were used as a proxy measure of social media engagement. While growth in Likes and Followers are a popular and convenient gauge of social media engagement, they represent a single measure of a multi-faceted construct. Also, data were limited to public university athletics departments, which are required to disclose annual ticket revenue. Findings may not be generalizable to other sport organizations. Practical implications The findings suggest growing social media interactions may not necessarily achieve marketing objectives related to increasing attendance or ticket revenue. Originality/value While numerous studies have examined the impact of social media on sport organizations, no prior studies have attempted to draw empirical connections between social media marketing efforts and revenue measures within sport organizations. This study represents the first to begin to examine this relationship.

Introducing relational dialectics on actor engagement in the social media ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodoula H. Tsiotsou
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Relational Dialectics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Marketing Intelligence ◽  
Media Ecosystem ◽  
Service Ecosystem ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
First Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an in-depth understanding of actor engagement (AE) on social media by proposing a holistic and integrative conceptual framework. Design/methodology/approach Based on a sample of 118 articles, the paper draws on the service-dominant logic (SDL)-based service ecosystem perspective combined with the tenets of relational dialectics as theoretical lenses to inform AE research in social media. Findings The paper proposes a framework of AE in social media called the TASC model, an acronym of Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis-Conflict. TASC introduces the dialectical nature of AE and discusses the contexts and levels of AE in the social media ecosystem and their evolving processes. Practical implications Firms can apply the knowledge provided by TASC to gather marketing intelligence and develop marketing strategies to anticipate tensions, motivate the desired AE intensity and valence and reinforce value co-creation in the social media ecosystem. Originality/value TASC is a comprehensive framework that, for the first time, explains engagement at all levels of the social media ecosystem by combining the SDL-based service ecosystem view with the relational dialectics perspective.

What health-related information flows through you every day? A content analysis of microblog messages on air pollution

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 438-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghua (Candy) Yang ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Chun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Belief Model

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the information about haze, a term used in China to describe the air pollution problem, is portrayed on Chinese social media by different types of organizations using the theoretical framework of the health belief model (HBM). Design/methodology/approach – A content analysis was conducted based on the 756 posts retrieved from Sina Weibo, the top microbloging platform in China, following the simple random sampling method. χ2 analysis was conducted to examine the relationships across the three types of organizations (governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations, and corporations) and the use of the HBM concepts (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action) in terms of haze and its threat to health. Findings – The results of this study indicated that corporations posted more Weibo messages categorized as perceived benefit and most of these posts are related to their products, while governmental organizations posted fewer Weibo messages categorized as perceived severity. Social implications – This study provides health decision makers and media consumers with knowledge about how to use social media more effectively in terms of haze-related issues. Originality/value – Given the severity of air pollution and the influential role microblogging takes, the study aims to fill the gap in the limited literature on haze information dissemination on social media in China. In addition, this study aims to shed theoretical light on HBM as applied to a non-westernized context.

The voice of patients in Israel's general hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keren Semyonov-Tal
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Care Experience ◽  
Health Satisfaction ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Voice

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to capture the variety of issues that concern patients and to examine the extent to which personal characteristics of patients, such as education, ethnicity, age, gender and conditions of hospitalisation, influence the tendency to “express (negative) voice” and raise “critical views”.Design/methodology/approachUsing data obtained from the 2014 Survey of Health Satisfaction in Israel, the study focuses on patients' responses to an open-ended question regarding the medical care experience in hospitals.FindingsThe analysis reveals that “the voice of patients” spreads across a wide variety of issues, including the physical condition of the hospital and caregiver behaviour. Multivariate regression models show that subgroups with greater access to social and economic resources (i.e. in Israel, individuals who are Jewish), academics, women and younger patients are more likely to express critical voice regarding the hospitalisation experience. Likewise, inferior hospitalisation conditions are likely to increase expression of negative “voice” and criticism.Originality/valueThe findings underscore the importance and value of open-ended questions in evaluating healthcare satisfaction, suggesting that the likelihood of expressing critical voice is higher among patients of high socio-economic status – perhaps because they are more likely to expect, demand and feel entitled to high-quality care. Likewise, inferior hospitalisation conditions increase the critical voice.

‘Alt-tech’ will diffuse online extremist presence

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Web Presence ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Generational Shift ◽  
Extremist Group

Subject Extremism and decentralised social media. Significance Mainstream social media platforms have been taking a hard line on removing extremist content since 2015 over fears that Islamic State incites terrorist attacks through the internet. In recent months, even previously ‘safe haven’ platforms have begun to remove extremist content and ban users. This has forced extremist groups from Islamic fundamentalists to far-right groups to turn to decentralised internet technology, often referred to as ‘alt-tech’, as a way to retain a web presence and avoid takedowns and de-platforming. Impacts A generational shift is likely between younger tech-savvy members and older generations of extremist group members. It will become harder for law enforcement and researchers to track what is happening as the online environment becomes more complex. Far-right and white supremacist groups may be increasingly represented in such platforms as their appeal grows.

The effects of career plateaued workers on in-group members’ perceptions of P-O fit

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deondra Conner
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Organizational Socialization ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Role Expectations ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Career Plateau ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Person Organization Fit

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects on in-group members of an influential worker's response to being in a state of career plateau. Design/methodology/approach – Using the concepts of the career plateau, person-organization fit, and organizational climate, a set of propositions is presented and discussed relative to the influential worker's response. A model is presented to illustrate the effects and the components involved. Findings – An influential career plateaued worker can affect the in-group he or she is associated with. An ineffectively plateaued worker is not only low in productivity, but also resorts to such negative behavior as absenteeism, withdrawal, and frequent job changes. When noticed by other in-group members, such behavior can affect their attitudes and behaviors. Practical implications – The organizational socialization process can counter the effects of the otherwise influential ineffectively career plateaued person's response. This is possible if the socialization process is strong enough to overcome (or complement) certain personal characteristics of the in-group members and their association with the career plateaued person by creating an environment where career progress, performance expectations, and role expectations are clear. Originality/value – The paper develops an original model based on a set of theory-based propositions that is of value to both academicians and practitioners.

scholarly journals Shopping as a “networked experience”: an emerging framework in the retail industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 690-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Pantano ◽  
Alessandro Gandini
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Experience Economy ◽  
Physical Point ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Shopping Experience ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to devise a comprehensive framework of the emergent shopping experience as the result of the combination of store access and the use of communication technologies, particularly social media. Design/methodology/approach The paper builds on a set of 20 semi-structured interviews to London-based young consumers aged 18-23 and adopts an exploratory approach aimed at understanding the broad relationship between retailing and social media use. Findings The findings highlight how an intensive use of social media and digital communication technologies emerges as an integral part of the shopping experience inside and outside the store. Research limitations/implications Drawing upon the notion of the “experience economy,” scholars and practitioners are actually pushed to reconsider the role of traditional shopping as in-store experience that is evolving fast as an effect of the continuous progress into communication technologies. This concept contributes to knowledge development by linking research in retail with work in the area of consumer culture. Practical implications Marketers and retailers should consider that the shopping experience is no longer limited to the physical point of sale. This means that retailers should be able to provide a shopping experience that is natively networked. Originality/value The authors identify the emerging “networked experience” of shopping, which derives from the consumers’ widespread usage of new communication technologies to collect information, their willingness to share part of this information with others, while creating new digitally mediated relationships with retailers.

Social media marketing in the wellness industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Olof Lagrosen ◽  
Kerstin Grundén
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Social Media Marketing ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach

Purpose – The advent of social media is dramatically changing the way marketing communication is conducted. This paper reports a study regarding the use of social media in the wellness industry. This industry is competitive and utterly dependent on creating mutually beneficial relationships with customers. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of social media marketing in the wellness industry. Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative methods have been used. In-depth interviews have been carried out with marketing communication professionals in seven leading Swedish spa-hotels. The data from the interviews were analysed utilising the constant comparative method from the grounded theory approach. Findings – Dimensions describing the activities, challenges and results of social media in the hotels have been defined. The findings are related to service quality theory, in particular the service dominant logic of marketing (SDL), and a comprehensive framework is proposed. Research limitations/implications – The findings should be useful for the scientific understanding of the effects of social media in marketing. The study is based entirely on qualitative data. Practical implications – The results of the study should be useful for managers trying to market their offers effectively through social media. Originality/value – The connections between social media and the SDL has not previously been studied in the wellness industry and such studies in other industries are rare.

scholarly journals Travel content creation

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Ribeiro ◽  
Suzanne Fonseca Amaro ◽  
Cláudia Seabra ◽  
José Luís Abrantes
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Content Creation ◽  
Use Of Social Media

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine factors that affect the likelihood to create travel content online. Research has shown that there are far more people consuming social media than generating it. However, online travel marketers need to pay attention to travelers that share their experiences online, as they have the potential to drive sales. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey was conducted to collect data for this study, by sending e-mail invitations to colleagues, students, personal contacts and other email contacts composed of Portuguese Internet users. A total of 244 complete responses were considered valid to test the hypotheses through partial least squares structural equation modeling. Findings – The results reveal that travelers’ level of involvement with tourism products, innovativeness and use of social media directly influences writing reviews about travel experiences online. Research limitations/implications – First, the data used in this study were based on a convenience sample containing only the Portuguese population. Therefore, generalization of the results should be made with caution. The replication of this study in other countries would be desirable. Second, the study used a quantitative approach to examine the effect of personal characteristics on travel content creation. A research using also a qualitative approach could shed new light on the understanding of the research hypotheses. Practical implications – This study provides useful insights for travel social media websites and travel-related organizations, as they can adapt their marketing strategies to the type of travelers that are more likely to write about the travel services that they offer online. Originality/value – From a theoretical perspective, there are few studies that focus on the personal characteristics of travelers that create content online. The intention of this study is to help close this gap, providing useful insights with respect to this matter.

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