scholarly journals Circles of analysis: a systemic model of child criminal exploitation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Barlow ◽  
Alicia Kidd ◽  
Simon T. Green ◽  
Bethany Darby
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Child Victims ◽  
Relational Dynamics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Modern Slavery ◽  
Criminal Exploitation ◽  
Systemic Model ◽  
Current Assessment ◽  
Further Development

Purpose Child criminal exploitation (CCE) emerges from the complex interplay between potential targets, motivated perpetrators and conducive environments. Drawing on contextual safeguarding and rational choice theory. The purpose of this paper is to explain the relational dynamics that lead to CCE in terms of complex systems. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews the existing criminological and public health perspectives on CCE and compare against current assessment protocols used to identify child victims of exploitation. Findings Findings demonstrate a conceptual and empirical flaw in existing practice. This flaw can be understood in terms of a failure to include both environmental conditions and the perpetrator’s motivation when trying to prevent CCE. Research limitations/implications To correct this, this paper develops an original systemic model called circles of analysis. This model builds on contextual safeguarding to overcome this identified flaw by also including perpetrator motivation to develop a Systemic Investigation, Protection and Prosecution Strategy. Practical implications It is worth considering as to whether our model can be scaled up to look at trafficking of children and adults for modern slavery, servitude, forced and compulsory labour in different contexts and jurisdictions. Alongside this, is there capacity to build perpetrator behaviours into the contextual safeguarding model? Social implications The potential for further development and alignment with the principles of contextual safeguarding is tantalising, and it is hoped that the contribution to this important special edition will open up new avenues for collaboration with both academics and practitioners who are concerned with protecting children and combatting CCE. Originality/value This strategy is uniquely designed to improve how police and social workers identify and investigate CCE and safeguard potential victims and survivors.

Modus operandi of persons convicted of a sexual offense from victims’ perspectives in a Turkish sample

2021 ◽  
pp. 147737082110404
Author(s):  
Burak M. Gonultas (Gönültaş) ◽  
Emek Yüce Zeyrek-Rios ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Child Victims ◽  
Sexual Offense ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
The Family ◽  
Turkish Culture

Child sexual abuse is typically studied using reports from the offender and in Western countries. The aim of the present study was to investigate pre- and post-abuse strategies of persons convicted of a sexual offense to children in Turkey using the statements made by the child victims and to frame the results using rational choice theory. A qualitative study was made for the themes in the police statements from 46 children who were victims of child sexual abuse. The content analysis revealed that persons convicted of a sexual offense to children differ in terms of their methods to approach children and in their pre- and post-abuse behaviors depending on their relationship with the victim. A total of 85 percent of the offenses were extra-familial and 15 percent within the family. Only 21 percent of the extra-familial offenses were opportunist; most involved bribes and introductions through friends or intermediaries. Two tactics unique to Turkey were promises of marriage and the use of children as intermediaries. The use of force and blackmail was more common in the intra-familial offenses. The results of the qualitative analysis were, on the whole, consistent with results from persons convicted of a sexual offense to children’s statements, but some of the tactics used by offenders in Turkey were unique to Turkish culture.

Why property market forecasts fail

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manya Mainza Mooya
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mainstream Economics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Neoclassical Economic Theory ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
The One

PurposeThe paper addresses the puzzling phenomenon of the ubiquity of economic forecasting, of which property market forecasting is but one instance, on the one hand, and the unreliability of such forecasts, on the other hand. The paper explains why property market forecasts fail, in a non-trivial sense, and why this problem is irredeemable.Design/methodology/approachThis was a conceptual paper and was based on original thought and literature review.FindingsThis paper attributes the failure of property market forecasts to the inappropriate application of the methodology of the natural sciences to the social sciences by mainstream economics. Specifically, the problem is located in the positivist philosophy and the assumptions of methodological individualism and rational choice theory underlying neoclassical economic theory.Originality/valueThe paper makes an original contribution by clearly showing why and how the methodology of the natural sciences, especially physics, has been applied to economics and property market analysis, why this is inappropriate and why it leads to failure. The paper introduces a debate that has hitherto been mostly confined to philosophy and mainstream economics into the property or real estate discipline and in a manner that is accessible to a non-philosophy audience.

scholarly journals Modern slavery policies in a conceptual perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Imran Sarihasan ◽  
Domicián Máté
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Conflict Theory ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
The People ◽  
Modern Slavery ◽  
International Labor ◽  
History Of

Most of the people assume modern slavery end up in 19th century. However, according to the International Labor Organization (ILO), today 40 million people live as a slave. Moreover, modern slavery is the world’s fastest growing crime and has huge number, which never occurred in history before. One of the main limitation of the existing literature on contemporary slavery is that it ignores the history of slavery either entirely or alternatively between past and present. However, this article aims to figure out the role of modern slavery, also recommends some suggestions to governments to solve the problem of it. The aim of this paper is to addressing to the modern slavery policies in a conceptual perspective. In the theoretical framework of modern slavery, rational choice theory, conflict theory and human security theory have been selected to describe the sequence of modern slavery.

Urban crime prevention – broadening of perspectives

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Urban Crime ◽  
Actor Network ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The contribution is focussed on the question of which logic and which distinctive lines of development have shaped the discourse on urban crime prevention and will probably shape it in the future. Design/methodology/approach Comparing the line of development in thinking about urban crime prevention: starting with the approaches of the rational choice theory and of architectural determinism that were integrated in the practical approach of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). Looking on the continuation in the recent past: aspects of social cohesion and disorganization in the neighbourhood – represented by the collective efficacy – were integrated with the traditional lines of argumentation. Continuing to the present, the actor network theory opens up advanced perspectives of the integration and development of urban crime prevention. Findings Comparison of the approaches of the rational choice theory and of architectural determinism. Their combination in the practical approach of CPTED. Integration of these lines of argumentation with aspects of social cohesion and disorganization in the neighbourhood represented by the collective efficacy and the absorption in the concept of second-generation CPTED in the recent past. Opening up for advanced perspectives of the integration and development of urban crime prevention by the actor network theory. Originality/value The process analysis by linking the rational choice theory, the architectural determinism, the collective efficacy theory and the actor network theory to a continuous development represents an innovative perspective on the discourse on urban crime prevention.

scholarly journals Joining gangs: living on the edge?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-294
Author(s):  
Robert Francis Hesketh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Gang Membership ◽  
Street Gangs ◽  
Street Gang ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Major Aspect ◽  
Two Samples

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to disseminate street gang research by Hesketh (2018) that has identified a major aspect of young disenfranchised people’s attraction to street gangs as edgework risk-taking. The study which sought to identify differences between those who joined street gangs compared to those who abstained on Merseyside. Design/methodology/approach Two samples were taken from locations within the five boroughs of Merseyside, the first comprising of 22 participants (18–25) involved in street gangs as active and ex-members with a second sample consisting of 22 participants (18–25) who had completely abstained from street gang membership. Data were collected through adoption of biographic narrative interpretive method (BNIM) (Wengraf, 2001), with analysis taking the form of Strauss and Corbin’s (1990) version of grounded theory. Findings Of the many findings that surrounded what was identified as the core category/central phenomena of “coping with limited opportunity” it emerged that marginalisation and austerity were contributing to increasing inequality and institutional constraint on young people on Merseyside. As a result, many of the 18–25 year young men felt powerless, lacking identity and aspirational drive. Joining a gang thus became not only a way in which control was seized back from such constraint through criminal risk-taking behaviour, what Lyng (1990) has termed “edgework”, but also a means in which many of the young men interviewed gained an identity of being “bad” from which intrinsically pleasurable seductive and criminally erotic sensations were derived (Katz, 1988). Moreover, a relatively new version of edgework was also identified, even though by way of male testimony. Called “vicarious edgework”, the phenomena sees young women drawn to male gang members (“bad boys”) to derive the excitement of risk indirectly while remaining law abiding. In sum, the paper highlights a concerning socio-psychological and key motivating driver triggered by marginalisation. Research limitations/implications Study samples were all male. Thus, any observations on the vicarious edgework aspect of risk taking requires further research involving both young men and women. Practical implications The paper highlights the need for more understanding of the allure of risk-taking. The paper identifies a new form of female edgework. The paper draws attention to gang membership and non-membership on Merseyside, an area that has been greatly neglected by gangs’ studies in the UK. The paper describes a novel way of data collection using an adoption of BNIM. Social implications In sum, the paper highlights a concerning socio-psychological and key motivating driver triggered by marginalisation. This, the author contends has been largely neglected by risk factor focussed interventions that largely concentrate on the idea of rational choice theory and sociological positivism. Originality/value The paper attempts to disseminate original street gang research by Hesketh (2018) that has identified a major aspect of young disenfranchised people’s attraction to street gangs as edgework risk-taking.

Muslim values and market value: a sociological perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Dean
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Religious Identities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Conflicting Demands ◽  
The Social

Purpose – The paper aims to study the consequences of the development of Islamic marketing on the social construction of Muslim religious identities. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses Max Weber's ideal-type methodology to analyze actors and strategies in Islamic marketing, as represented by their self-presentation on French-, English- and Arabic-language web sites. Findings – First, the paper argues that by conflating values and preferences, rational choice theory fails to recognize an essential function of values, which govern the relationship between the personal and the social. Second, it describes the emergence of brand markets within traditional Muslim commodity economies. Third, it uses these distinctions, between the personal and the social and between commodity and brand economies, to construct four ideal types of Muslim economic actors: “collectivists”, “differentialists”, “integrationists”, and “entrepreneurs”. Research limitations/implications – The choice of web sites to survey Muslim economic and religious actors favors producers over consumers, religious specialists over laypeople. Future research should include protocols designed to test ways in which Muslims negotiate the conflicting demands of religion, society and economics in their daily lives. Originality/value – In contradistinction to studies that emphasize the influence of Muslim consumer demand on the development of goods and services, this paper shows that economic conditions, notably globalization and market segmentation, affect the way Muslims construct their religious identities.

Using previous social marketing efforts to assess a new program

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Ashton ◽  
Rajesh V. Manchanda
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This paper aims to report a research approach that explores how to use evaluations of previous social marketing efforts to assess and guide a new shelterbelt program called Working Tree. By targeting farmers, this new program aims to gain benefits from enhancing and expanding on-farm tree shelterbelts on the Canadian prairies. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a novel method that relies on secondary data from six completed social marketing cases as data for a comparative analysis with the new program. A conceptual framework is proposed and applied. This framework incorporates process and outcome indicators of evaluation, key dimensions of the rational choice theory and proven practices from experience. Findings Analysis suggests key parameters of the Working Tree program to be appropriate, with some modifications. However, limitations in the data also point to avenues for future research to deepen the authors’ understanding of assessing a new social marketing program in the prelaunch phase. More research is needed on what works, where and why. Research limitations/implications The seven indices are a modest set for comparatives and are not exhaustive. Six selected cases are small samples that are unable to fully reflect the environmental nature of the new program; yet, they contained critical data for the comparative analysis. Financial data are not in constant dollars, which would be needed when further analysis is undertaken. Practical implications This paper illustrates the importance of the evaluation stage of the social marketing process. It demonstrates the practicality of being able to effectively draw upon previous evaluations to inform new program investors and social marketers at the prelaunch stage. Originality/value The conceptual framework and method present a novel approach to use evaluation data to guide new program funding and initiatives. It is offered with the hope that others might draw upon the ideas presented here and advance them.

Determinants of multi-destination travel in Vietnam: a rational choice perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Thi Kim Do ◽  
Dung Phuong Hoang ◽  
Thuy Thu Pham
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose This paper aims to examine the factors affecting travelers’ decision to select more than one destination in their trips. Drawn from the rational choice theory, this study posits that the selection of multi-destination tours, as a rational choice, is determined by the travelers’ perception of costs and benefits associated with that choice. Design/methodology/approach The conceptual model was developed from both an exploratory research with in-depth interview and the literature. A logistic regression model linking four explanatory variables representing perceived benefits and costs of multi-destination option with travelers’ choice of multi-destination trips. The conceptual model is controlled for diversity of travel purposes; tour group size; type of travel arrangement and travelers’ demographic characteristics while the research context of multi-destination travel within Phu Yen – Dak Lak – Gia Lai – Binh Dinh helps control for the characteristics of the destination set (spatial proximity and traffic convenience). The conceptual model was tested based on data collected from 1,361 Vietnamese travelers who have ever visited at least one of the four provinces. Findings This study finds that perceived benefits in terms of diversifying tourism experiences and perceived costs of traveling in multiple places compared to taking single trips represent the most significant drivers for tourists’ selection of multi-destination tours. In addition, the diversity of travel purposes and tour group size have a positive and significant impact on the demand for traveling more than one destination in a trip. Moreover, the richer, older and married travelers have a significantly higher tendency to select multi-destination packages. Practical implications The research findings provide important strategic implications for promoting multi-destination trips, thereby, maximizing economic benefits from tourism. Originality/value While multi-destination travel patterns have been examined empirically in individual studies sporadically without a common theoretical background, this research makes some progress on this front by using the rational choice theory to connect the relative contributions of those factors to the travelers’ choice of multi-destination trips. Specifically, this study provides a new perspective in explaining the selection of multi-destination trips – from tourists’ perceptions about costs and benefits associated with that choice.

Dual decision-making with discontinuance and acceptance of information technology: the case of cloud computing

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1521-1546
Author(s):  
Yiyang Bian ◽  
Lele Kang ◽  
J. Leon Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Hybrid Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Support Costs

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate organizational information technology (IT) deployment from a dual decision-making perspective. This study builds on rational choice theory to characterize how the costs and values of incumbent IT and those of the corresponding new cloud computing influence a company's dual decision of discontinuance and acceptance.Design/methodology/approachThis study chooses cloud computing as the research context, since it is one of the most well-accepted ITs in current practice. By using survey methodology, the data were collected from organizations around the world. Our hypotheses were examined via multimethod analyses, including the partial least squares, the multinomial log it regression and the analysis of variance.FindingsThis research reveals that organizations often follow the dual decision-making process in IT deployment regarding a non-cloud, hybrid structure and full-cloud considers incumbent IT discontinuance and new cloud computing acceptance. These results indicate that organizations may embrace cloud computing because of its perceived high system compatibility and low support costs. Meanwhile, security threats remain the primary obstacles to conducting business in the cloud.Originality/valuePrevious studies mainly focus on a single aspect and do not reveal the intricacies of the interactions between the reduction of incumbent IT and the addition of new IT. To address this gap in the body of knowledge, our study proposes a dual decision model based on a dialectical understanding of new and incumbent IT mechanisms instead of a singular IT acceptance model.

Determining the types of internet plus government platform usage behaviour in selected cities of China

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ge Wang ◽  
Qiang Chen ◽  
Shenghua Xie
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Dimension Theory ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Channel

Purpose Although internet plus government platforms (IPGPs) are being increasingly used by citizens around the world, questions emerge regarding the public adoption, utilization and use of IPGPs. This study aims to explore the determinants of citizens’ differentiated IPGPs usage behaviors. Design/methodology/approach An analytical framework has been built upon the rational choice theory and the cultural dimension theory. The present study draws on a survey of 866 citizens from Guangzhou, Wuhan and Chengdu. Findings The empirical findings suggest that the perceived functional benefits and personalization features both significantly affect citizens’ informational, service and participatory uses of IPGPs, to varying degrees. Furthermore, long-term orientation plays a moderating role in the relationship between perceived functional benefits and the service use of IPGPs. Originality/value The findings demonstrate that the public’s rational choice of a new digitalized service channel depends on to what extent and to what degree the absolute and relative benefits they consider important compare to other possible channels. Users also consider how the new service channel satisfies their personalized demands of digitalized services. Also, users’ long-term orientation can affect their rational choices by adjusting the perceived functional benefits of the channel when that channel is used for service transactions.

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