Police corruption: a comparison between China and India

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-276
Author(s):  
George Chak man Lee
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Police Corruption ◽  
Content Type ◽  
China And India ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Social Modernization ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Chinese Police ◽  
India And China

Purpose There is no comparative research into the Chinese (PSB) police and the Indian police generally and none on police corruption in particular. This paper aims to show what police corruption and malpractices look like in China and India and offer up some suggestions as to why wide spread malpractices persists. Design/methodology/approach Horses’ mouth qualitative research is supported by primary public and police survey data. Findings There are many similarities in corruption “tricks of the trade” in both the countries, as well as in the reasons for its persistence. However, petty police corruption is more pervasive and less subtle in India. But both the forces suffer from politicization of policing, criminalization of politics, culture of tolerance towards substantive justice over procedural justice and master/servant attitude towards the public. In China, the police have administrative powers beyond criminal legislation, and Indian corruption is underscored by the culture of “Jugaad”. Research limitations/implications This is largely a qualitative research, so the usual arguments regarding limitations on its generalization applies. However, the insights in this article may provide some understanding of this under-researched topic and may stimulate further research in this field. It may also offer pointers to potential solutions for practitioners and policymakers. Practical implications By providing data on what corruption looks like and why it persists, policymakers can use the findings of this study to develop measures to address them. In so doing they would create a police service in India and China that is less prone to corruption and misconduct, thereby increasing public trust in these institutions. Social implications Peace and security is a prerequisite condition for economic and social modernization through the rule of law. Reform of the police is a critical success factor in this process. Therefore, by reforming the police, India and China stand a better chance of eradicating poverty and reducing inequality. Originality/value There is little in the way of research into the Chinese Police and none into Chinese police corruption. There is also no comparative study of the Chinese and Indian police generally and none on police corruption in particular.

Idea labs: instituting an innovation discovery process capable of sustaining the business

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.K. Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Product Concept ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
Organizational Feature ◽  
Technology Specialists ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Sustaining product innovation in an established company – increasingly the key to a company’s economic success, and perhaps its survival – is a challenging task The author describes a and the model often referred to as an “Idea lab” that has emerged as a necessary organizational feature to accomplish this goal. Design/methodology/approach The author explains how to manage Idea labs as deliberately established locations, where individuals and teams with new product ideas can work together for concentrated bursts of time, sharpening and focusing their product concept, embedding the voice of the customer in product design and charting alternative progression paths for their ideas to be developed into potentially profitable offerings by units of the business that will nurture them. Findings In today’s organizations, the managerial prime directive is fundamentally being redefined as one of addressing the challenge of sustained, profitable innovation that opens new markets or reinvigorates existing ones. Idea labs should be considered a vital process in fostering sustaining innovation. Practical implications A critical success factor is the interplay between idea originators, technology specialists and product managers with a keen awareness of customer needs, competitor initiatives and genuine product differentiation. Originality/value A comprehensive guide for top managers and innovators, the article details the four key facets of Idea labs: Positioning in the firm’s innovation value chain. Tasks. Processes. Structure.

India will increase barriers to Chinese investment

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chinese Investment ◽  
China And India ◽  
Japanese Investment ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
No Man's Land ◽  
India And China

Significance China and India, which have long had difficult relations, have only partially disengaged from a border stand-off in the Western Himalayas that began in May 2020. Although bilateral trade is up this year, several deals for China to invest in Indian businesses are now frozen. Impacts India and China will maintain large numbers of troops along their mutual border, with a reduced no man’s land between them. Delhi will increase defence purchases from Washington and other key partners. Western and Japanese investment in India’s tech sector will grow markedly.

Stock keeping unit rationalization: a cross-functional, cross-firm perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 994-1015
Author(s):  
Matias G. Enz ◽  
Matthew A. Schwieterman ◽  
Douglas M. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Product Variety ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Supplier Relationships ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Functional Involvement ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Although managers have struggled with SKU proliferation for decades, research has provided inconsistent guidance, and the cross-functional and cross-firm aspects of the problem were not considered. The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors that favor successful and sustainable SKU rationalization. Design/methodology/approach A single case study was used to investigate the implementation of an SKU rationalization project by a national restaurant chain in collaboration with its food distributor. Qualitative data analysis techniques were used to understand managers’ perceptions about the SKU rationalization problem and the financial results that were achieved. Findings The findings include seven propositions that begin to formalize theory for SKU rationalization. Cross-functional involvement was both a challenge and a critical success factor, and the supplier was an important resource for managing product variety and complexity. Research limitations/implications Seven propositions are provided that increase the likelihood of successfully dealing with SKU proliferation. Practical implications SKU proliferation increases supply chain complexity and leads to higher costs. The research reports on an SKU rationalization project that saved a company and its supplier $6.7m. Originality/value A previously unexplored theoretical perspective on SKU rationalization was employed that emphasizes cross-functional alignment, buyer–supplier relationships and the impact on financial performance of a firm.

Cultural adaptation of web design services as critical success factor for business excellence

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Calabrese ◽  
Guendalina Capece ◽  
Francesca Di Pillo ◽  
Federico Martino
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Web Design ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Critical Success Factor ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Business Excellence ◽  
Computer Mediated

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether cultural backgrounds of nations are expressed through the web design of their companies. Actually, it investigates whether, in countries characterized by the same cultural matrix and language but by different national backgrounds, the cultural specificities of a country are a critical success factor for web design and enablers of business excellence. Design/methodology/approach – Starting from a deep literature review, four research hypotheses on the relationship between cultural background and web design are formulated. By employing both the content analysis and the cross-tabulation methodology, these hypotheses are tested. Findings – Brazilian, Portuguese, Angolan and Macanese web sites show that companies operating in these countries are aware that cultural background is a necessary success factor to consider for improving cross-cultural management of computer-mediated communication. Indeed, the findings confirm that the internet is not a culturally neutral communication medium. By providing evidences of web site cultural adaptation, this study supports the use of a targeted approach to web site design and provides managerial guidelines for improving business excellence of companies’ online environment. Originality/value – The paper offers insights into the topic of a culturally adapted computer-mediated communication for improving consumer experience.

Success factors and criteria in the management of international development projects

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 562-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitbarek Takele Bayiley ◽  
Getachew Kahsay Teklu
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Project Success ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Critical Success

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the results of a survey that aims to explore and identify the European Union (EU) Development Cooperation project success factors and criteria and explain the relationship between the critical success factors (CSFs) and project success as perceived by the project managers and team members of the organizations participated in the survey. Design/methodology/approach – The research followed interpretive research philosophy, abductive approach, survey as a strategy, a cross-sectional time horizon and questionnaire as data collection instrument. It also employed exploratory design to identify CSFs and explanatory design to explain relationships between success factors and project success. Both primary and secondary data were used to gather data. Unstructured interviews were conducted with the project team members of EU delegation to Ethiopia, government organizations and NGOs while the secondary sources of data included extensive review of literature. Findings – Using principal component analysis the study identified a specific set of four CSFs for projects funded by EU: intellectual capital, sound project case, key manpower competency and effective stakeholder engagement. Moreover, the descriptive statistics of the survey highlighted five critical success variables: clear policy of donors and recipient government, strong local ownership of project, effective consultation during planning, high motivation and interest, and compatible rules and procedures. The study ranked relevance, impact, effectiveness, sustainability, and efficiency according to their level of importance by the participants of the survey. Research limitations/implications – The research is temporally, spatially, and contextually delimited to EU funded projects from the period 2010 to 2014 that are completed and still ongoing. Moreover, the current study focusses only on aid projects funded by EU in Ethiopia which might limit its generalizability into ID projects in developing countries funded by bodies other than EU such as World bank, United Nations and its different bodies, African Union, Japanese government to mention some. Social implications – The current study has clearly identified intellectual capital which covers social capital as the most important success factor for projects funded by EU in Ethiopia. Accordingly, the study underscored the importance of securing continuous support from all stakeholders and holding effective consultations of stakeholders during planning, implementation and closing phases of EU funded projects. Originality/value – The study identified new CSFs specific to projects funded by EU and the incompatibility in the perceived importance of project success criteria among different stakeholders implicating differences in the priority they set.

Critical success factors for TQM implementation among manufacturing SMEs

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetoslav Georgiev ◽  
Seiichi Ohtaki
Keyword(s):  
Success Factors ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
International Study ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Management Involvement

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address a perennial question regarding the importance of soft total quality management (TQM) as part of the TQM implementation process – a topic that has been significantly understudied. Specifically, the authors address previous calls in the literature for stressing the soft aspects of TQM and for drawing a critical success factor (CSF) list that is formulated on the basis of empirical research instead of theory. Design/methodology/approach This is a comparative qualitative case study of three manufacturing SMEs combining empirical data from in-depth, semi-structured interviews with a large variety of stakeholders – from top managers to shop-floor workers, site visits and observations. Findings The study identifies 12 soft CSFs, and while most of these factors have been well-documented in the literature (e.g. top management involvement and leadership), the authors show evidence for the existence of other soft constructs that have not been considered or have been given little importance previously (i.e. middle management involvement and support, reward and recognition, CSR focus). Research limitations/implications The study fills two major gaps in the (T)QM literature. First, it enriches the understanding of TQM implementation among Japanese SMEs. Second, it addresses the importance of soft TQM as part of the TQM implementation process. Practical implications This paper provides company owners and managers with valuable knowledge that may assist their organisations in the pursuit of business excellence including higher product quality and employee satisfaction. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first (international) study to investigate TQM implementation within the context of Japanese SMEs.

scholarly journals Innovation through tradition in design-intensive family firms

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-839
Author(s):  
Stefano Magistretti ◽  
Claudio Dell’Era ◽  
Federico Frattini ◽  
Antonio Messeni Petruzzelli
Keyword(s):  
Family Firms ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Italian Design ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

Purpose Several studies show that identity is a critical success factor in design-intensive industries, leading managers and executives to identify solutions that enable firms to simultaneously innovate while preserving their link with the past. Accordingly, scholars have recently revealed the role of the so-called innovation through tradition strategy. Thus, the purpose of this study/paper is to understand how design intensive firms may exploit knowledge pertaining to the past. Design/methodology/approach The research contributes to this line of inquiry by conducting a longitudinal analysis of two leading Italian design-intensive firms, B&B Italia and Cassina S.p.A. Specifically, through almost 30 h of interviews with 11 key informants and the analysis of various secondary sources, a unique database of over 900 products covering the period of 1960-2016 was developed. Findings The findings reveal that both firms leverage knowledge from the past mainly to preserve firm identity, as indicated by the two indicators used to capture the use of knowledge pertaining to the past (i.e., design tradition intensity and design tradition depth). In addition, the study shows that the values of these indicators significantly increase when ownership control shifts from family-based to fund-based. Originality/value The paper looks at design artifacts as a source of knowledge, exploring how they can support firms in reinforcing their identity. The original contribution to the design through traditional literature is in unveiling the product signs dimension of this particular innovation strategy.

A hybrid approach for identifying and prioritizing critical success factors in technology transfer projects (case study: diesel locomotive manufacturing)

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Mohammadi ◽  
Jalil Heidary Dahooie ◽  
Mohamadreza Khajevand
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Critical Success Factors ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Delphi Approach

Purpose With the rapid advancement of technology, companies use new technologies to produce their products and services to maintain a competitive advantage. As companies alone cannot research and develop their technologies, they should use knowledge sources outside the organization that may exist throughout the world; hence, organizations need technology transfer. Because the success rate of technology transfer projects is low, the need to accurately assess and investigate the critical success factors of technology transfer projects is felt. In this regard, this study aims to identify and prioritize the critical success factors in technology transfer projects. Design/methodology/approach In this research, 56 critical success factor (CSF) were extracted from the context of the articles and were adjusted using experts’ opinions in different phases, as well as the fuzzy-Delphi approach. Finally, 15 factors were categorized in the form of steps of the technology transfer model: STAGE-GATE. In the next step, the set of criteria needed to prioritize CFSs was extracted from the literature and finalized with the help of the experts. Then, how each of the CSF influences the identified criteria was scored according to the organization’s export opinions. Finally, the priority of each key success factor was calculated using the additive ratio assessment (ARAS) method. Findings The results obtained for prioritization of the critical success factors show that experience in technology transfer in the transferee company, the existence of experienced technology transfer managers, sufficient organizational infrastructure and documenting project problems, achievements and experiences are four critical success factors of the technology transfer projects. Considering the long-term and short-term specific goals of the technology transfer process and the choice of technology in line with the company’s commercial strategy are also the critical success factors with the next priorities. Originality/value The combination of ARAS and step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis methods for identifying and prioritizing managerial decisions in the high-tech industries is a value of this research. Also, a combination of novel multi-attribute decision-making methods by the older framework of new product development is another contribution of this research.

scholarly journals Conceptualising the impact of culture and language upon hospitality service management

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saloomeh Tabari ◽  
Jonathan A.J. Wilson ◽  
Hadyn Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Sensitivity ◽  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
Service Management ◽  
Intercultural Sensitivity ◽  
Hospitality Management ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the nature and definitions of culture and its relationship to language and cultural sensitivity in hospitality management services. Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes the form of a critical literature review followed by a phenomenological exploratory pilot study, using template analysis. Findings – Previous studies indicate that the more individuals understand and embrace notions of intercultural sensitivity, then the better they become at being able to recognise and discriminate between cultural differences. Furthermore, as a by-product, there is an increased appetite and tendency towards adopting cultural perspectives other than ones’ own. However, the operationalisation of this process encourages benchmarking along linear scales, which is problematic and over-simplifies the dynamic and fluid nature of effective cultural transmission. The paper’s findings suggest that rather than there being singular cultural and language constructs, there are cultures, which in places overlap, but elsewhere do not and therefore cannot be placed on universal scales; second, the critical success factor is less about linguistic literacy linked to vocabulary and explicit rational comprehension, and more about a pre-emptive cultural interpretive intelligence which identifies emotion and sentiment. Research limitations/implications – This is largely a conceptual paper, which, it is suggested, needs further empirical investigation – both longitudinally and on a larger scale. Originality/value – This perspective moves management, marketing and service delivery away from zero-sum games and transactional exchanges, whether financial, social or linguistic, towards collective wealth creation and empowerment – manifest in social cultural capital and the generation of tacit knowledge. The challenge that remains is how this process can be formalised and the tacit and implicit knowledge gained and created can be preserved.

Critical success factors for maintenance of local public buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-427
Author(s):  
Arnt Ove Hopland ◽  
Sturla F. Kvamsdal
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Success Factors ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Survey Results

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate a survey on critical success factor for the maintenance of local public buildings and how reported score values and factor rankings depend on characteristics (contingencies) of the local governments that participated. Design/methodology/approach The authors use data from a large-scale survey of Norwegian local governments that covered 66 per cent of all local governments and 80 per cent of the population. The authors combine these data with contingent information from public registers on demographics, fiscal, political and geographical characteristics. The authors run regressions to determine whether contingencies affect survey results. They further study how score values vary with a key contingent factor. Findings The main result of this paper is that the reported importance of critical success factors is contingent on local government population levels. A comparison of importance rankings based on population quartiles shows that ranking orders change, both between quartiles and from the overall ranking, and that certain factors show systematic changes. Further, the authors find that when controlling for sampling error, groups of factors should be considered as equally important. This result holds both for the full sample ranking and for rankings within population quartiles. Originality/value The results of this paper have implications for all survey-based investigations of critical success factors where contingent information on respondents are available. Contingencies need to be taken into consideration, both when assessing rankings according to some criteria and when comparing actual score values.

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