The liberalization of air services: prospects and challenges for the Indian economy

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Amade Roberts Amana
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Alternative Routes ◽  
Gradual Approach

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine, with a specific reference to the Indian economy, the interface between the World Trade Organization (WTO)/General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) disciplines and aviation services; the challenges to the incorporation of air services regimes into the world trade treaty; and the alternative routes for the liberalization of air services markets. Design/methodology/approach – The paper adopts the doctrinal approach to legal research in analyzing literature on the integration of air services into the multi-lateral trading system. The paper takes a critical look at the current state of the aviation industry, the rationales and routes for liberalization, as well as the challenges facing it. Findings – The paper reveals the state of the Indian aviation market and its preparedness for integration into the global market system. The merit of a gradual approach is examined. Research limitations/implications – The WTO framework offers the traditional route for the liberalization of trade. However, since the inception of air travel, air traffic rights have been traded between countries on a bilateral basis, involving concepts of sovereignty over national airspace. The paper offers some ideas on how the two can be integrated. Originality/value – The research draws on recent events in the Indian aviation sector. It is of importance, especially to other emerging economies with similar social-economic indicators. It objectively questions the rationales for liberalization or globalization and its merits.

Technology intervention for preventing COVID-19 outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prateek Pandey ◽  
Ratnesh Litoriya
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Article ◽  
The People ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
The World ◽  
Technology Intervention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alternative Routes

PurposeThe purpose for writing this article is derived from the misery and chaos prevalent in the world due to the coronavirus pandemic – since late 2019 and still continuing as of December 2020.Design/methodology/approachA blockchain-based solution to verify the country visit trail and disease and treatment history of the passengers who arrive at the immigration counters located at various national borders and entry points is proposed. A fuzzy inference based suspect identifier system is also presented in this article that could be utilized to make further decisions based on the degree of suspicion observed on a particular passenger.FindingsThis paper attempted to put forth a blockchain-based system which consumes the healthcare and visit trail summary of a passenger (appearing for an interview before an immigration officer) and forwards it to a fuzzy inference system to reach to a conclusion that the passenger should be advised to self-quarantine, detained, or should be allowed to enter. Such a system would help to make correct decisions at the immigration counters to check pandemic diseases, like COVID-19, right at the entry points.Research limitations/implicationsThe implications of this work are manifold. First, the proposed framework works independent of the type of pandemic and is a readymade tool to check the spread of disease through infected human carriers. Second, the proposed framework will keep the mortality rates under check, which would give ample time for the authorities to save the lives of the people with co-morbidities and age vulnerabilities (Vichitvanichphong et al., 2018). Third, it is a general phenomenon to restrict the flights from the country where the first few cases of infection are discovered; however, the infected person, at the same time, might travel through alternative routes. The blockchain-enabled proposed framework ensures the detection of such cases at no other cost. Finally, the solution may appear costly in the first place, but it has the potential to hold back the revenue of the countries that would otherwise be spent on reactive measures.Originality/valueAs of now no other study or research article provides the solution to the biggest problem persists in the world in this way. The contribution is original and worth applying.

Prospects for global trade in 2020-24

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
China Trade ◽  
The Us ◽  
Multilateral Trading System ◽  
The World

Subject Prospects for global trade in 2020-24. Significance US-China competition and a ‘populist backlash’ against trade in advanced nations are intensifying fears that the world is entering de-globalisation. World trade volumes are expected to grow modestly in 2019 and 2020, while the US-China trade conflict roils the multilateral trading system and global value chains, harming investment and job creation.

South-east Asian aviation faces growing pains

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Growing Pains ◽  
The World

Subject Challenges facing South-east Asia's aviation industry. Significance South-east Asia is experiencing one of the sharpest increases in air passenger traffic anywhere in the world. Besides intensifying competition between airlines, this is prompting disputes over airspace and straining capacity at many of the region’s airports. Impacts Indonesia’s establishment of air defence identification zones could intensify territorial and airspace disputes in the South China Sea. The deferral of the Kuala Lumpur-Singapore high-speed railway will mean little change to air traffic levels between the two places. Changes to funding for Malaysian airport operators could result in higher fees being passed on to passengers to cover development costs.

Unilateralism and protectionism in the World Trade Organization: the interpretation of the chapeau within GATT Article XX

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-231
Author(s):  
Philip Joseph Wells
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Unilateral Action ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Original Insight ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a holistic and cohesive overview of the development of GATT, Article XX; critically focussing, in particular, on whether the interpretation of the provision permits developed member states to embark on unilateral and protectionist actions. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology for this paper was to assess and review the developing jurisprudence of the World Trade Organization (WTO) that relates to the use of Article XX. The paper adopts a chronological critique to analyse the development of the law; included in this is academic theory that underpins and proffers an explanation for the development. Findings – This paper suggests that while Article XX exists as a potential target to permit unilateral action by developed nations, it does not create a guise for unilateralism and protectionism due to the interpretation afforded to the “Chapeau”. Practical implications – The paper demonstrates an expansive collection of WTO jurisprudence and case authorities to illustrate the overarching interpretation of Article XX; in doing so, it allows those associated with the WTO to gain a practical overview of the holistic workings of Article XX. Social implications – Through demonstration of Article XX, and its interpretation, this paper outlines the social values and norms most likely to enjoy a privileged status to override WTO obligations. This paper also espouses what social values may develop in the future to be classified within Article XX. Originality/value – This paper provides an original insight by considering holistically, rather than narrowly, the interpretation of Article XX.

scholarly journals World chicken meat market – its development and current status

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Vladimirovna Belova ◽  
Luboš Smutka ◽  
Eva Rosochatecká
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Developing Area ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Meat Market

The global meat market and primarily the chicken meat market represents a very dynamically developing area. The objective of the present article is the analysis of the chicken meat market in the world in order to identify the basic development trends associated with the development of production of and trade in chicken meat, and also in order to identify the individual entities controlling the global chicken meat market. In methodological terms, the article analyzes the development of production of, consumption of and trade (export and import) in chicken meat in the years 1961–2009. The main sources of data necessary for the processing of the individual analyses are the FAOSTAT and UN COMTRADE databases. The results of the conducted analysis show the following findings. World production of poultry meat increased from 7.5 million tons to more than 86 million tons. The global market reacted in a flexible manner, in which there was an increase in volumes of executed trade from 271 thousand tons/year in the year 1961 to more than 10.7 million tons/year in the year 2010. Further, the value of world trade in chicken meat within the analyzed period increased from approximately USD 169 million to approximately USD 16 billion. If we analyze the global chicken meat market, it may be stated that it is very concentrated. The analysis of the global market further shows that Brazil, the USA and China represent, in terms of global production, consumption and trade, the main driving force on the chicken meat market. These three countries have a share in global production of approximately 46%, their share in global consumption ranges at a level of over 40%. The share of these countries in global export ranges at a level exceeding 50%.

Prospects for the global economy to end-2019

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World

Subject Prospects for the global economy to end-2019. Significance The world economy is likely to grow by around 3% this year. This is the lower end of the 3.0-3.5% range expected six months ago. World trade is weakening amid the US-China conflict and productivity is not picking up. China is expanding fiscal policy and others may follow, perhaps Germany and the United States. Monetary tightening is off the table and some countries may loosen policy. However, this will mainly shore up growth rather than raising it.

Vaccines will drive financial markets over US politics

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Divided Government ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World

Significance Divided government provides scope for volatility at a perilous time for the pandemic-ravaged US economy, but markets are putting greater weight on the prospect of a vaccine accelerating the global recovery. Tech stocks have fallen as investors take their gains and opt for 'reflation trades' predicated on a recovery in sectors hit hard by the pandemic. Impacts Apple, Amazon, Alphabet, Microsoft and Facebook make up over 20% of the US stock market; firm fundamentals guard against a sharp sell-off. China’s renminbi has risen to the highest to the dollar since the US-China tariff battle ramped up in early 2018; more strength is likely. China’s export orders grew only marginally in October and import growth slowed, signposting that the world trade recovery could plateau.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murphy Halliburton
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Ayurvedic Medicine ◽  
Property Law ◽  
Global System ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Pharmaceutical Production

The introduction opens with a discussion of the current state of intellectual property law which has been greatly expanded around the world at the behest of corporate interests and the World Trade Organization, imposing limitations on the sharing of medical, scientific and artistic creations. A brief discussion of India’s large pharmaceutical sector and multinational big pharma is presented followed by a depiction of the practice of ayurvedic medicine in India and concerns about biopiracy, or the commercial exploitation of indigenous medical knowledge. The introduction also offers a discussion of problems of resistance and the intelligibility of power in a complex global system such as the new patent regime and cautions against simplistic depictions of an all powerful “big pharma” in analyzing the global economy of pharmaceutical production.

What do we know about cryptocurrency? Past, present, future

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sawkat Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
Virtual Currency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current State

PurposeThe authors make a fundamental initial effort to conduct a systematic review analysis on “cryptocurrency,” mainly to analyze the way it has been changing the “stereotype” financial transactions, and also identify the probable unexplored research avenues on this innovative investment regime. The study aims to draw the landscape of the current state, prospects, challenges, trends and possible agendas of cryptocurrency in the global market.Design/methodology/approachUsing a quali-quantitative approach widely known as meta-literature review, the synthesis analysis on “cryptocurrency” is conducted. Methodologically, the authors review and analyze the most recent and relevant papers preferably published between 2016 and 2020 in leading business and finance journals of ISI Web of Science (ISI WOS) through bibliometric analysis particularly coupled with content analysis.FindingsThe findings of the meta-analysis summarize the relevant stylized facts of the cryptocurrency market: distinctive features of blockchain technology, decentralized payment method, low-cost facility, ensuring pseudo-anonymity, independence from central authority, double spending attack protection, organic and instantaneous nature, among others. In addition, the analysis identified several future research regimes: pricing model, prospect of investment regime, hedging properties, volatility dynamics, information asymmetry, underlying risk factors and bubble-like nature in global cryptocurrency market.Practical implicationsThis academic novelty significantly contributes to enhance our knowledge on the current state-of-the-art of digital finance, outlines the research agenda and eventually provides important investment implications for financial managers, research analysts, investors, market practitioners, regulatory compliance professionals and policymakers. Therefore, the findings shed the lights on new investment opportunity in the global market.Originality/valueCryptocurrency, virtual currency or digital asset having cryptography for idiosyncratic security features, seems to be a persistent paradigm shift in the digitalized financial system. Despite the continuing growth, the academic research on cryptocurrency is still at nascent stage, particularly because researchers did not deeply draw attention at this financial innovation. In addition, the authors argue that none of the earlier studies yet conducted a meta-analysis on this latest investment regime. Therefore, this review study is the initial attempt to fill up the gap in the finance literature.

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