Challenges of accountability and development in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-402
Author(s):  
Oluwatoyin Augustina Matthew ◽  
Abiola Ayopo Babajide ◽  
Romanus Osabohien ◽  
Anthonia Adeniji ◽  
Olabanji Olukayode Ewetan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Nigerian Government ◽  
The Government

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the challenges of accountability and development in Nigeria. In the literature, corruption is seen as an indicator of a lack of political accountability in most countries of the world, especially in less developed countries such as Nigeria. The Nigerian Government has taken several actions to address the problems of bad governance and corruption that have impeded economic development, but unfortunately these measures have not yielded the desired results. Design/methodology/approach Thus, this study examined accountability and developmental issues in Nigeria using secondary data and then made use of the auto-regressive distributed lag econometric technique to analyze the data. Findings The results from the study found that a rise in total government expenditure poses a danger of reducing Nigeria’s economic development in the long run and that control of corruption and political (the institutional variables) has a direct and significant effect on Nigeria’s economic development. Originality/value Therefore, upon these findings, this paper recommended that for Nigeria to experience development, corruption should be eliminated, and the Nigerian Government should spend on viable projects and economic activities that will be beneficial to the populace and the society at large and hence bring about economic development. Accountability is the hallmark of a prudent government that ensures efficient management of resources and transparency in the utilization of funds by the government. The absence of accountability mechanism allows corruption to thrive, which hinders the developmental process.

Implications of the Proposed Communication Service Tax Bill on the Socio-Economic Development of Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 22-46
Author(s):  
Benjamin Enahoro Assay
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Communication Service ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Communication Services ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Nigerian Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
Financial Gains

This chapter describes how the decision of the Nigerian government to introduce a Communication Service Tax Bill to the National Assembly to compel consumers of certain communication services to pay a 9 percent tax has pitted the government against major stakeholders in the ICT sector who are concerned about the future of the industry. While the government wants the legislative process regarding the bill to go on because of the financial gains that will accrue to it monthly, the stakeholders want it jettisoned for fear that it would impact negatively on the ICT sector and the economy, which is currently in recession. This chapter wades through the controversy by presenting the various positions canvassed by stakeholders and points the way ahead for the sector, which is fast becoming the hub of economic activities in Nigeria, to harness its full potentials for the overall benefit of the Nigerian society.

scholarly journals Economic Development, Foreign Aid and Poverty Reduction: Paradigm in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Malachy AUgbaka ◽  
Abayomi Awujola ◽  
Tatiana Shcherbyna
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government

Foreign aid supplements internal resources required for economic development and growth in less developed countries (LDCs). Foreign inflows have bolstered a number of economic recuperation, reconstruction efforts and structural adjustment programs organized to haul the Africa economy out of a precarious decay. Discussions of foreign aid have concentrated on Africa since it has gotten the best measure of help on per capita premise than some other area; yet economic performance has been the weakest. In any case, economic development, foreign aid and poverty reduction has not enjoyed such interest in literature as it is ordinarily subsumed. This paper tries to build up a model between economic development, foreign aid and poverty reduction and decide if there is even a nexus between these three ideas by analyzing data from Nigeria. Utilized time series secondary data from World Development Indicators (WDI) mulling over Nigeria for the period which data were accessible. The study went on to perform correlation and regression analysis using GNP per capita as proxy for economic development as the dependent variable and poverty headcount(proxy for poverty reduction), gross capital formation, foreign aid, GDP per capita growth, inflation rate and growth of government expenditure as independent variables. It was observed that only gross capital formation have statistically significant relationship with GNP per capita while growth of government expenditure has the effect on GNP per capita. The results reveal that there is a positive relationship between economic development, foreign aid and poverty reduction. This implies foreign aid promotes economic development and poverty elimination. The government has a responsibility to battle against poverty and its efforts at predictable strategic economic development are significant in poverty reduction by spending the aid money for direct production programs. Keywords: foreign aid, economic development, poverty reduction.

Infrastructure debt fund policy framework in India – issues and challenges

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayank Khandelwal ◽  
Vivekanand Khanapuri
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
The Government

Purpose – This paper aims to identify gaps and critical issues in policy framework for infrastructure debt fund (IDF) to become financially viable in the Indian context. Growth of any economy is dependent on successful implementation of infrastructure projects. However, infrastructure development is linked to availability of equity and debt funds to finance these projects. IDF is an instrument which aims at enabling financing of infrastructure. Design/methodology/approach – The exploratory research adopted is qualitative and based on secondary data related to infrastructure needs, challenges, factors influencing infrastructure financing and options available for infrastructure financing in the Indian context. It investigates the relationship between external factors, internal factors and viability of IDF and provides recommendations to policy makers to roll-out an enabling policy and regulatory environment. Findings – Findings show that issues such as entry barriers for banks, insufficient tax incentives, restrictions on type of projects to be considered for funding and meeting the expectation of low-cost funds need to be addressed so that IDFs can contribute toward funding requirement of the infrastructure sector. Research limitations/implications – IDFs have been recently introduced in India and the use of primary and secondary data has been limited. Comparison of IDF guidelines in India with guidelines for similar instruments in developed countries has been left for a later stage. Originality/value – Value of this study is that it identifies the issues in current guidelines of IDF through the understanding of the policy and regulatory framework that governs IDF. The study also makes recommendations to the government and regulators which would enable IDF to become a viable instrument.

Does corruption adversely affect economic growth in Tunisia? ARDL approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-54
Author(s):  
Anas Al Qudah ◽  
Azzouz Zouaoui ◽  
Mostafa E. Aboelsoud
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to better understand the phenomenon of corruption in Tunisia in relation to its impact on economic development. The period of study is 1995 to 2014. The auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is adopted to examine the existence of a long-term relationship between the above-mentioned variables and also the direct and indirect consequences of corruption on economic development in Tunisia. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a modern econometric technique to estimating the long-term relationship (e.g. the co-integration) between corruption and economic development; using this technique also allows us to investigate the impact of corruption on economic growth. Findings The empirical results show that corruption has a negative effect on per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in Tunisia for the period under review. This effect is described as a direct effect of corruption in the long term; specifically, declines are observed in per capita GDP, over the long run, by almost 1 per cent, following a 1 per cent increase in the level of corruption. The results also show that corruption has indirect effects via transmission channels, such as investment in physical capital, which is positively significant in the presence of corruption. The same observation is made at the level of government expenditure during the previous year, while for those of the current year, the coefficient becomes negative but not significant. With respect to human capital, the impact of corruption on education expenditures is insignificant. Originality/value The paper begins with an overview of previous literature in this area. Given the nature of corruption and the differences in the meanings attributed to it, from one country to another and from one culture to another, the paper moves on to study the impact of corruption in Tunisia as a case study for one country with one socio-cultural environment. The authors then propose several methods and possible solutions, which could be implemented to deal with this problem.

scholarly journals Komunikasi Nahdlatul Ulama dalam Pengembangan Ekonomi Umat

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Didin Sutisna
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The West ◽  
West Java ◽  
Require Time ◽  
General Chairman ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
The Government

This paper aims to find out the communication patterns of the Nahdatul Ulama in Community Economic Development in West Java, in order to improve the welfare of the community, especially those that have received less attention from the government. In addition to strengthening the economy of the people, PWNU West Java also has a goal to foster and motivate religious life in the community as mad'u. As well as to find out the strategy of economic development which was proposed by the West Java PWNU and its implementation. The research method using the case study method with the type of research is qualitative and the Constructivism Paradigm. While the data source in the study is divided into two parts, namely primary sources and secondary data sources. The data collection method is obtained by observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that the pattern of organizational communication in the Management of the Region of Nahdatul Ulama in West Java is the Wheel Pattern. In this pattern the chairperson is a central position in which all West Java PWNU members provide information and reports to the general chairman and if there is a problem that urges the general chairman to consult directly to solve the problem by asking for advice and approval from the PWNU West Java advisory board. Regarding economic issues, the benefits of the West Java PWNU have begun. Because some economic activities are already underway. Even though it hasn't arrived at a satisfying stage, because it does require time that is not instant.Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola komunikasi Nahdlatul Ulama dalam Pengembangan Ekonomi Umat di Jawa Barat, guna meningkatkan kesejahtraan masyarakat khususnya yang kurang mendapat perhatian dari pemerintah. Selain untuk memperkuat ekonomi umat, PWNU Jawa Barat juga memiliki tujuan untuk membina dan memotivasi masyarakat dalam kehidupan beragama sebagai mad’u. Serta mengetahui strategi pengembangan ekonomi yang di gagas PWNU Jawa Barat dan pelaksanaanya. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode studi kasus dengan jenis penelitian adalah kualitatif dan Paradigma Konstruktivisme. Sedangkan sumber data pada penelitian terbagi ke dalam dua bagian yakni sumber data primer dan sumber data sekunder. Adapun metode pengumpulan data diperoleh dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola komunikasi organisasi di Pengurus Wilayah Nahdatul Ulama Jawa Barat adalah Pola Roda. Dalam pola ini, ketua umum menjadi posisi sentral yang dimana seluruh anggota PWNU Jawa Barat memberikan informasi dan laporan kepada ketua umum dan apabila ada masalah yang penting, maka ketua umum dapat berkonsultasi langsung untuk memecahkan masalah dengan meminta saran dan persetujuan syuriah atau dewan penasehat PWNU Jawa Barat. Berkaitan dengan persoalan perekonomian, yang telah dilakukan PWNU Jawa Barat sudah mulai terasa manfaatnya. Karena beberapa kegiatan ekonomi sudah berjalan. Walaupun memang belum sampai pada tahap memuaskan, serta memerlukan waktu untuk tercapainya target yang ditentukan.

The effective responses of a tourism and gaming city towards the devastating effects of pandemic: a case study of Macao

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ut Lon Im ◽  
Ching-Chi Cindia Lam ◽  
Erdan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up

Purpose COVID-19 has hard-hit the global economy when the majority of developed countries could not demonstrate effective resolutions even a year after the outbreak. This study aims to present how government or policymakers could minimize the negative impacts of major incidents (pandemic) and speed up the process of recovery. It was also intended to identify effective strategies for crisis management. Design/methodology/approach A mixed research method was applied. Qualitative research studies of interviews were used to collect primary data from the stakeholders while archival research method of textual and documental information was used for secondary data on the pandemic facts. Findings The impacts of the governmental and enterprise actions with a focus on effective mega-crisis management strategies were structured based on the three themes, namely, appropriate measures, timely decisions and the role of the government. These strategies can minimize the destruction to the economy (or organization) while stabilize the emotional and psychological aspects of the people during the crisis and lead the society back on track once the crisis starts to diminish. Originality/value The experience of Macao in successfully responding to the crisis of pandemic provides constructive references to policymakers on the set up of timely strategic plans and business management on remedy actions, particularly to regions where the pandemic is still out of control.

Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development: India. By Jagdish N. Bhagwati and T.N. Sirinivasan. New York Columbia University Press (Published by the National Bureau of Economic Research 1975) 261 pages.

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-114
Author(s):  
Abdur Razzaq Shahid
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Exchange Rate Policy ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
The Government ◽  
Exchange Control

This volume on India is one of a series of research projects on exchange control, liberalization, and economic development, undertaken for many less developed countries. The study deals with three major topics: exchange control, liberalization, and growth. First, under 'The Anatomy of Exchange Control', the methods of allocation and intervention in the foreign trade and payments practised by the government during the restrictive period 1956-66 and their economic impact are discussed. Then, a detailed analysis of the 'Liberalization Episode' which covers the policies in the period 1966-68, including the June 1966 devaluation, and the episode's effect on price level, economic activity, and exports is given. Finally, the overall growth effects of the foreign trade regime (broadly defined as exchange rate policy plus the frame-work of relevant domestic policies such as industrial licensing), and their possible contribution to India's rather unsatisfactory economic performance are examined.

Board demographic diversity, firm performance and strategic change

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1110-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kipkirong Tarus ◽  
Federico Aime
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Strategic Change ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Demographic Diversity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
High Level

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of boards’ demographic diversity on firms’ strategic change and the interaction effect of firm performance. Design/methodology/approach – This paper used secondary data derived from publicly listed firms in Kenya during 2002-2010 and analyzed the data using fixed effects regression model to test the effect of board demographic and strategic change, while moderated regression analysis was used to test the moderating effect of firm performance. Findings – The results partially supported board demographic diversity–strategic change hypothesis. In particular, results indicate that age diversity produces less strategic change, while functional diversity is associated with greater levels of strategic change. The moderated regression results do not support our general logic that high firm performance enhances board demographic diversity–strategic change relationship. In effect, the results reveal that at high level of firm performance, board demographic diversity produces less strategic change. Originality/value – Despite few studies that have examined board demographic diversity and firm performance, this paper introduces strategic change as an outcome variable. This paper also explores the moderating role of firm performance in board demographic diversity–strategic change relationship, and finally, the study uses Kenyan dataset which in itself is unique because most governance and strategy research uses data from developed countries.

Internationalization of emerging multinationals: the Latin American case

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Losada-Otálora ◽  
Lourdes Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Emerging Multinationals ◽  
Internationalization Strategies ◽  
American Case ◽  
Key Resources

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop an analytical framework that challenges the condescending view of multinationals of emerging countries. In this paper, it is showed that emerging multinational companies (EMNCs) developed valuable resources that leveraged their internationalization strategies. Design/methodology/approach – An exploratory approach was used to investigate the internationalization strategies of EMNCs. A qualitative study was built on secondary data sources, particularly analysis of cases of the internationalization of Latin American companies. Findings – The internationalization strategies deployed by EMNCs are similar to the strategies of traditional multinationals (firms of developed countries). Similarly, EMNCs exploit, acquire or defend their resources in foreign markets. Additionally, the selection of each strategy depends on the availability, transferability and substitutability of the resources involved in the internationalization. Research limitations/implications – The traditional approaches that study the role of resources in the internationalization of the EMNCs have some shortcomings. It is worth conducting additional research including the approach developed here to advance in the comprehension of the behavior of EMNCs. Practical implications – Managers must identify and develop key resources to invest abroad. Additionally, managers need to take into account the characteristics of the resources of their firms to select an adequate strategy abroad. Originality/value – This paper shows that EMNCs are not resource laggards. Consequently, theoretical and empirical evidence is provided to advance the development of comprehensive theories of the internationalization of EMNCs. This paper offers academics and practitioners with a new focus to analyze the internationalization of EMNCs which are recognized as a driving force of the global economy.

“Air pollution arrested not imprisoned”: The impact of laws invoked on Covid-19 city lockdowns

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Mensah Aboagye ◽  
◽  
Nana Osei Owusu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Air pollution continues to be an environmental problem that poses a lot of health risks to the young and aged. Developed countries have invested heavily to curb this environmental problem, causing severe threats to human lives, yet the results do not look convincing. In developing countries, the situation is difficult than they can imagine, resulting in governments borrowing to fight what looks like a lost battle [1-3]. The in-depth study of this environmental menace - air pollution, suggests that the government enacts stringent measures to help fight this battle. This is because air pollution has natural (volcanic eruption) and anthropogenic (human activities) causes. In December 2019, the deadly Coronavirus (Covid-19) outbreak was soon declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO) [4]. Majority of countries have had their share of the impact of this outbreak. Many countries resorted to city lockdown to strictly control the movement of people and economic activities as recommended by WHO.

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