Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction for Sustainable Risk Reduction in Peru

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Pedro Ferradas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Structural Reinforcement ◽  
Local Risk ◽  
Housing Reconstruction ◽  
Post Disaster

Intermediate Technology Development Group (ITDG) recently completed the systematisation of their reconstruction projects which were implemented between the early 1990s and the year 2003 in the poor areas of Peru affected by disasters or internal war. Within these projects, technological housing reconstruction schemes were designed and validated as part of an effort to reduce the vulnerability of the affected population. 1,300 houses were built during 5 years; 600 houses between April 1992 and April 1994 and 700 houses between July 2001 and July 2003. The key factors for successful risk reduction identified during post-disaster reconstruction were: the location of reconstructed housing, the construction procedures and materials employed, the improvement of people's self-construction techniques, and the improvement of local risk-management skills. ITDG's first experience in Alto Mayo during the early 1990s involved participatory management at a local level and the use of the so-called improved “wattle and daub technology” (i.e. structural reinforcement of mud, wood and cane buildings). This technique is more earthquake-proof than the construction technology predominating in Peru (i.e. cement and iron-based structures). The experience in Ayacucho, which concluded in 2001, provided the opportunity to apply the so-called “improved adobe technique” (i.e. structural reinforcement of mud buildings), as well as to install community water supply systems. The reconstruction work in Moquegua and Tacna, completed in 2003, was based on the organisation of workshops geared towards encouraging the participation of women in the use of various housing construction technologies and providing the facilities for them to adapt such technologies to traditional architecture. This article highlights the ITDG approach and experiences to post-disaster reconstruction: the main activities carried out in preparation for and during the implementation of the projects, the lessons obtained during these experiences, and the monitoring and evaluation procedures recommended for future reconstruction projects.

scholarly journals Re-conceptualising “Building Back Better” to improve post-disaster recovery

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeeka Mannakkara ◽  
Suzanne Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Disaster Recovery ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Community Recovery ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Post Disaster

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand and define the concept of Building Back Better (BBB) and represent it using a comprehensive framework. Design/methodology/approach – Literature related to the concept of BBB were studied to understand the key concepts which constitute BBB. These concepts were analysed and categorised to form the basis of the proposed BBB framework. Findings – Post-disaster recovery in-line with BBB concepts can be achieved by having a holistic view of four key categories: risk reduction entails improving the resilience of the built environment through improvement of structural designs and land-use planning; community recovery includes addressing and supporting psycho-social recovery of communities and supporting economic rejuvenation; implementation addresses ways in which risk reduction and community recovery practices can be put in place in an efficient and effective way; monitoring and evaluation stretches across the first three categories, and calls for putting in place mechanisms to monitor and evaluate recovery activities to ensure compliance with BBB-based concepts and obtain lessons to improve future disaster management practices. Research limitations/implications – The BBB Framework generated in this study can be used as a foundation to determine best-practice recommendations to implement recovery activities under each of the BBB categories. Practical implications – The BBB Framework forms a guideline to holistically plan and implement recovery programmes in order to BBB. Originality/value – A comprehensive guideline or framework which clarified what BBB really means is currently inexistent. This paper addressed this research gap by amalgamating existing information to create a singular framework to simply and comprehensively represent BBB.

scholarly journals Views from the Frontline: A critical assessment of local risk governance in South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doret Botha ◽  
Dewald Van Niekerk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Global Network ◽  
International Strategy ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Disaster Reduction ◽  
Local Risk

In 2005 the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction introduced the ‘Hyogo Framework for Action’ (HFA) aimed at mainstreaming disaster risk reduction. Subsequently, the ‘Global Network for Disaster Reduction’ (GNDR) was formed to support the implementation of the HFA. The GNDR initiated a country-based, international research project called ‘Views from the Frontline’ (VFL) in order to measure progress at local level in terms of compliance with the HFA. The VFL 2011 project focused on local risk governance, which is critical for effective implementation of policy and provision of resources at grassroots level. This article provides insight into the findings for South Africa. The project made use of quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data was gathered by means of a survey and/or questionnaire consisting of 20 questions on ‘indicators’ which assessed progress toward the goals of the HFA. The surveys also provided for qualitative commentary. The target population for this research consisted of local government officials and community representatives. Based on the quantitative scores for all the different indicators, the research showed that South Africa could still improve significantly in terms of compliance with the HFA. More attention must be given to operationalise the HFA at local level, a culture of safety must be fostered, local actors and communities must be involved directly and consulted, indigenous knowledge must be recognised, and significant capacity development for disaster risk reduction is necessary.

scholarly journals Analysis of Measures for Managing Issues in Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction

Buildings ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulquadri Ade Bilau ◽  
Emlyn Witt ◽  
Irene Lill
Keyword(s):  
Housing Reconstruction ◽  
Post Disaster

Modularization Technology Development Prospects

2014 ◽  
Vol 509 ◽  
pp. 92-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wei ◽  
Dong Feng Wang ◽  
Ji Ying Liu ◽  
Cheng Long Yu ◽  
Tao Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Modular Construction ◽  
Development History ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Development Prospects

Describes the historical background of modular construction technology, focusing on the development of power from a modular, development history, comparative advantages and disadvantages of other aspects of the study was to investigate, and thus the modularization of the prospect.

scholarly journals Practice Framework for the Management of Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction Programmes

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulquadri Bilau ◽  
Emlyn Witt ◽  
Irene Lill
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Beneficiary Community ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Housing Reconstruction ◽  
Practice Framework ◽  
Post Disaster

Despite an international consensus for housing to be “built back better” (BBB) following disasters, and the considerable resources expended on reconstruction efforts globally, the management of post-disaster housing reconstruction programmes often leaves much to be desired. This research presents a framework for the management of post-disaster housing reconstruction in developing countries based on a comprehensive identification of the issues affecting the management of reconstruction programmes and the management measures which have proved effective in mitigating these issues and achieving the desired BBB outcomes. The framework highlights the strategic importance of preparedness measures that should be taken before the next disaster strikes and the cross-cutting nature of capacity building and beneficiary community engagement measures that are essential to all stages of the post-disaster reconstruction process. The research findings are limited to developing countries, as the evidence on which they are based is almost entirely from post-disaster housing experiences in the developing world. The framework may, however, be adapted to different, specific post-disaster reconstruction contexts. This research has compiled, extended and up-dated current knowledge regarding the management of housing reconstruction programmes and it provides practical guidance for policy makers and practitioners.

scholarly journals The Sister Village Program: Promoting Community Resilience after Merapi Eruption

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Vita Elysia ◽  
Ake Wihadanto
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Disaster Recovery ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
The World ◽  
Evacuation Routes ◽  
Post Disaster ◽  
Shed Light

Local Government of Magelang Regency initiates the Sister Village Program after Mount Merapi Eruption in 2010. The idea of this program is to connect villages at risk from Merapi eruption to partner villages with less risk in the surrounding regions. This program is part of post-disaster recovery initiatives at the local level which includes planned evacuation routes, shelters, provision of food and other daily essentials. This paper aims to shed light on the role of sister village program in promoting community resilience after the volcanic eruption of Merapi. It is found that the system of sister village program can fulfill many aspects of community resilience components. Considering Indonesia is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world, this program should be regarded as a good example to be replicated in other prone areas in the country.

scholarly journals Integration of the Urban Local Bodies for Disaster Mitigation in Aizawl City

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
Malsawmi Pachuau
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The People ◽  
Post Disaster

Local government plays an integral part in the mechanism of Disaster Management in Mizoram. The local bodies are the direct representatives of the local community and the local community places their full trust in them. Post disaster measures such as mock drills, training of search and rescue teams, physical and economic relief and rehabilitation are not something new to us, yet the aspect of disaster mitigation is something which has not bred familiarity among the Mizos. The need for sensitization of the public on the importance of Disaster Mitigation is a necessity. The saying ‘Earthquakes do not kill people; buildings do’ is pertinent in urban areas. Urban areas are congested and more prone to disasters. High rise buildings, squatter settlements due to high densities and low availability of land has endangered not just the lives of the public but has also caused a massive disturbance of the ecological system. The paper covers certain Acts and Regulations of the Aizawl Municipal Corporation dealing with structural mitigation and the detection of illegal construction, unsafe buildings, and encroachments on municipal and public properties. At the local level, the councillors are involved in making, unmaking and carrying out these rules and regulations, with direct bearing on the local people. The paper also gives an account of the need of reimplementation to generate awareness, knowledge and education on Disaster Management to the people of Mizoram.

scholarly journals Social Work and Community Based Disaster Risk Management in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
Sajjad Hussain ◽  
Saira Miraj ◽  
Rani Saddique
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Civil Unrest ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts

Pakistan is exposed to various natural calamities due to its geophysical condition and climatic changes. In addition, man-made disasters also pose a threat to human lives and properties which includes industrial and transport disasters including oil spills, civil unrest, wars and conflicts. Although it is not possible to stop or prevent natural disasters, but the negative impacts of natural disasters can be minimized through human efforts. The government of Pakistan has adopted participatory approach as part of its policy for disaster management. This research paper is based on the analysis of secondary data for reviewing the existing policies with emphasis on disaster risk reduction in pre and post disaster period. The paper concludes that participation of target community is indispensable for disaster risk reduction on sustainable basis. The article suggests that community should be meaningfully involved in disaster risk reduction efforts at the local level. In this connection the role of social workers is indispensable for disaster risk reduction on sustainable basis.

scholarly journals Post-disaster social reconstruction and social development

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manohar Pawar
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Social Reconstruction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
Post Disaster

The Asia-Pacific region has experienced major disasters, both natural and man-made, in the recent past. Hundreds of families and communities, and several governments, non-government organisations, international organisations and aid agencies have been engaged in relief, rebuilding and rehabilitation activities with varying degrees of effectiveness and success. This article aims to reflect on some of these post-disaster reconstruction experiences; exploring how a social development approach can be employed for the post-disaster social reconstruction; and suggest regional social policies and strategies for multi-stakeholder cooperation to effectively address post-disaster issues at the local level. Although efforts made by several agencies in very challenging contexts are commendable, there are few examples to show the application of the social development approach. By discussing the social development approach, the paper argues that the conscious use of such an approach facilitates a better planning and preparation for anticipated disasters, rehabilitation processes and the comprehensive development of disaster affected areas, including environmental and psycho-social issues. Towards this end, it underscores the role of regional social policies and multi-stake-holder cooperation. The discussion has implications for local and international communities, which are engaged in pre-planning and preparation for disasters and post-disaster reconstruction.

scholarly journals Challenges Hindering the Resourcing for Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction in Gaza

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-210
Author(s):  
Nour Saleh ◽  
Adnan Enshassi ◽  
Matthias Sundermeier
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
Housing Reconstruction ◽  
Post Disaster ◽  
Implementing Agencies

Resourcing post-disaster housing reconstruction (PDHR) entails many drawbacks creating bottlenecks to reconstruction projects. Understanding these vulnerable issues is of utmost to identify the appropriate interventions to mitigate their effects. The devastating aggression in 2014 in Gaza Strip served as a typical example of resources hampers. Based on the quantitative approach, the research employed a self-administrated questionnaire survey to identify the most significant challenges hindering the resourcing for post-2014 aggression housing reconstruction. The questionnaire targeted 55 of the key people in the implementing agencies of post-2014 aggression housing reconstruction. The data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics, through frequency distribution and effect index (EI); and using inferential statistics through one sample Wilcoxon signed rank test. Findings indicated that the challenges related to political issues have the most significant effect on resourcing the PDHR. The main key challenges are: (1) Difficulties to obtain permits from the Israeli side to flow the reconstruction materials into the Gaza Strip, (2) Insufficient funds for reconstruction efforts and (3) Refusal of the international community to contact the local de facto government. This research fills the knowledge gap relating to Gaza and provides the basis for more research on resourcing problems. This research has also extended, updated and confirmed the current knowledge regarding challenges hindering the resourcing for PDHR. The results draw attention of the implementing agencies in Gaza to the factors that creating bottlenecks to resource the reconstruction projects in order to overcome them and to mitigate their negative effects.

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