A material-based computation framework for parametric design education

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif Abdelmohsen ◽  
Passaint Massoud
Keyword(s):  
Design Education ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Architectural Education ◽  
Parametric Form ◽  
Form Finding ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Initial Hypothesis

PurposeMaterial-based computation has been recently introduced in architectural education, where parameters and rules related to materials are integrated into algorithmic thinking. The authors aim to identify affordances of material-based computation in terms of supporting the understanding of parametric design, informing the process of parametric form finding in an educational setup and augmenting student learning outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThe authors propose a material-informed holistic systems design framework for parametric form finding. The authors develop a pedagogical approach that employs material-based computation focusing on the interplay between the physical and the digital in a parametrically driven façade design exercise. The approach comprises two phases: (1) enabling physical exploration with different materials to arrive at the design logic of a panel prototype and (2) deducing embedded and controlled parameters, based on the interplay of materials and deriving strategies for pattern propagation of the panel on a façade composition using variation and complexity.FindingsThe results confirmed the initial hypothesis, where the more explicit the material exploration and identification of physical rules and relations, the more nuanced the parametrically driven process, where students expressed a clear goal oriented generative logic and utilized parametric design to inform form finding as a bottom-up approach.Originality/valueMost precedent approaches developed to teach parametric design concepts in architectural education have focused on universal strategies that often result in fixating students on following standard blindly followed scripts and procedures, thus defying the purpose of a bottom-up form finding framework. The approach expands the pedagogical strategies employed to address parametric design as a form finding process.

Design concepts of low-frequency electromagnetic devices based on a data-driven approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1374-1385
Author(s):  
Vahid Ghorbanian ◽  
Mohammad Hossain Mohammadi ◽  
David Lowther
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Torque Ripple ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Electromagnetic Devices ◽  
Data Driven Approach

PurposeThis paper aims to propose a data-driven approach to determine the design guidelines for low-frequency electromagnetic devices.Design/methodology/approachTwo different devices, a core-type single-phase transformer and a motor-drive system, are used to show the usefulness and generalizability of the proposed approach. Using a finite element solver, a large database of design possibilities is created by varying design parameters, i.e. the geometrical and control parameters of the systems. Design rules are then extracted by performing a statistical analysis and exploring optimal and sub-optimal designs considering various targets such as efficiency, torque ripple and power factor.FindingsIt is demonstrated that the correlation of the design parameters influences the way the data-driven approach must be made. Also, guidelines for defining new design constraints, which can lead to a more efficient optimization routine, are introduced for both case studies.Originality/valueUsing the proposed approach, new design guidelines, which are generally not obtainable by the classical design methods, are introduced. Also, the proposed approach can potentially deal with different parameter–objective correlations, as well as different number of connected systems. This approach is applicable regardless of the device type.

ICT-ENABLED BOTTOM-UP ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burak Pak
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Design Education ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Ict Tools

This paper aims at discussing the potentials of bottom-up design practices in relation to the latest developments in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) by making an in-depth review of inaugural cases. The first part of the study involves a literature study and the elaboration of basic strategies from the case study. The second part reframes the existing ICT tools and strategies and elaborates on their potentials to support the modes of participation performed in these cases. As a result, by distilling the created knowledge, the study reveals the potentials of novel modes of ICT-enabled design participation which exploit a set of collective action tools to support sustainable ways of self-organization and bottom-up design. The final part explains the relevance of these with solid examples and presents a hypothetical case for future implementation. The paper concludes with a brief reflection on the implications of the findings for the future of architectural design education.

A design approach for process-based knowledge management systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra Sarnikar ◽  
Amit V. Deokar
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Systems Analysis And Design ◽  
Design Techniques

Purpose This paper presents a design approach for process-based knowledge management (PKM) systems that can support knowledge-intensive processes where effective task execution is highly reliant on the knowledge and expertise of participants executing the tasks. The proposed design approach includes design methods and kernel theories governing the design of PKM systems and can also be easily integrated with existing systems analysis and design techniques. Design/methodology/approach The design science research methodology is used to design and develop the artifact which includes the overall PKM design approach. Information systems design theory is used as a high-level framework to develop and structure the design approach. Relevant design methods and behavioral theories are reviewed to identify kernel theories that guide the design and development of PKM systems. The design approach consists of meta-requirements for PKM systems and design processes to achieve the meta-requirements. A feasibility study is conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed approach. Findings The design approach presented in this paper can guide system analysts and system developers in the design of knowledge management systems for supporting knowledge-intensive processes. The paper also includes a comprehensive design theory for PKM systems consisting of meta-requirements and a synthesis of various kernel theories into actionable design procedures. The proposed procedures include knowledge requirements modeling, knowledge flows modeling and knowledge and process performance modeling procedures. The feasibility study indicates that the PKM approach can be more useful and effective than solely using unified modeling language (UML)-based systems analysis and design techniques for the design of PKM systems. Research limitations/implications An implication to information systems design research is the feasibility of developing a specialized design approach that incorporates significant domain knowledge to solve complex information system design problems. An implication to practice is the significant potential to improve productivity and effectiveness of systems analysts and designers in developing PKM systems. A limitation is the small sample size of the feasibility study used to evaluate the ease of use and utility of the design approach. Originality/value The study makes a unique contribution by proposing a design approach that integrates business process and knowledge management considerations. The approach is particularly valuable because of the focus on integration with existing systems analysis and design techniques, thus allowing for easier adoption.

A dynamic vertical shading optimisation to improve view, visual comfort and operational energy

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Valitabar ◽  
Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad ◽  
Henry Skates ◽  
Peiman Pilechiha
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Operational Energy ◽  
Discomfort Glare ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to present a parametric design method to generate optimum adaptive facades regarding occupants' comfort and building energy criteria. According to the literature review, the following questions have arisen to address the research gaps: Is it possible to have the outside view throughout the whole year without discomfort glare by utilising adaptive solar facades (ASFs)? How can architects integrate both view quality and quantity into ASF design? What is the impact of dynamic vertical shading systems mounted on south facades on the outside view, occupants' visual comfort and operational energy? How can we evaluate the view quantity through multi-layer shading systems?Design/methodology/approachIn recent years, there is a surge in demand for fully glazed buildings, motivating both architects and scholars to explore novel ideas for designing adaptive solar facades. Nevertheless, the view performance of such systems has not been fully explored especially when it comes to the effect of dynamic vertical shading systems mounted on south facades. This fact clarifies the need to conduct more research in this field by taking into account the window view and natural light. Consequently, a simulation research is carried out to investigate the impact of a dynamic shading system with three vertical slats used on the south facade of a single office room located in Tehran, on both view quality and quantity, visual comfort and operational energy. The research attempts to reach a balance between the occupant's requirements and building energy criteria through a multi-objective optimisation. The distinctive feature of the proposed method is generating some optimum shading which could only cover the essential parts of the window area. It was detected from the simulation results that the usage of a dynamic vertical shading system with multi slats for south facades compared to common Venetian blinds can firstly, provide four times more view quantity. Secondly, the view quality is significantly improved through enabling occupants to enjoy the sky layer the entire year. Finally, twice more operational energy can be saved while more natural light can enter the indoor environment without glare. The final outcome of this research contributes toward designing high-performance adaptive solar facades.FindingsThis paper proposes a new metric to evaluate the view quantity through a multi-layer shading system. The proposed method makes it clear that the usage of dynamic vertical shading systems with multi-layers mounted on south facades can bring many benefits to both occupants and building energy criteria. The proposed method could (1) provide four times more view quantity; (2) improve view quality by enabling occupants to watch the sky layer throughout the whole year; (3) slash the operational energy by twice; (4) keep the daylight glare probability (DGP) value in the imperceptible range.Research limitations/implicationsThe research limitations that should be acknowledged are ignoring the impact of the adjacent building on sunlight reflection, which could cause discomfort glare issues. Another point regarding the limitations of the proposed optimisation method is the impact of vertical shading systems on users' visual interests. A field study ought to be conducted to determine which one could provide the more desirable outside view: a vertical or horizontal the view. Research on the view performance of ASFs, especially their impact on the quality of view, is sorely lacking.Originality/valueThis paper (1) analyses the performance of dynamic vertical shadings on south facades; (2) evaluates outside view through multi-layer shading systems; and (3) integrates both view quality and quantity into designing adaptive solar facades.

Impacts of architectural education on entrepreneurial intention: a case study of senior architects from six universities in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Yeşim İlerisoy ◽  
Ali Aycı ◽  
Hilal Aycı ◽  
Esra Betül Kınacı
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Architectural Education ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Architecture Education ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intent

PurposeThe aim of the study is to investigate whether architectural education has a positive attitude toward entrepreneurship and it encourages to have management skills. The hypothesis is based on the fact that core courses in architectural education have an impact on individuals' entrepreneurial intentions.Design/methodology/approachThe correlation of design, construction and technology courses with entrepreneurship intentions, namely, learning motivation, a motivation on innovation, a progressive attitude and self-efficacy as an outcome, was investigated in senior-year students of architecture enrolled in six universities of Turkey. The data collected were analyzed through the structural equation model, which mainly focuses on the causal relationships between chosen variables.FindingsThe initial outcome is that learning motivation, attitude and self-efficacy through design courses have an effect on entrepreneurship. However, contrary to expectations, it was found that innovation does not have an effect on entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, while innovation, attitude and self-efficacy through construction courses have an impact on entrepreneurial intent, learning motivation does not. Finally, it was revealed that attitude, self-efficacy, innovation and learning motivation affect entrepreneurial intention through technology courses.Originality/valueEntrepreneurship skills are generally considered within the field of interest by business schools. Even though there exist some studies into entrepreneurial architecture education, they are few in numbers, and they usually evaluate the problem mainly through a qualitative research. This study could be regarded as a different research in terms of its traditional perspective, and it investigates the role of entrepreneurial intent in a “technical” discipline such as architecture.

scholarly journals Adaptive business rules framework for workflow management

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 948-971
Author(s):  
Kanana Ezekiel ◽  
Vassil Vassilev ◽  
Karim Ouazzane ◽  
Yogesh Patel
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Process Modelling ◽  
Semantic Indexing ◽  
Business Rules ◽  
Business Process Modelling ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Changing scattered and dynamic business rules in business workflow systems has become a growing problem that hinders the use and configuration of workflow-based applications. There is a gap in the existing research studies which currently focus on solutions that are application specific, without accounting for the universal logical dependencies between the business rules and, as a result, do not support adaptation of the business rules in real time. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach To tackle the above problems, this paper adopts a bottom-up approach, which puts forward a component model of the business process workflows and then adds business rules which have clear logical semantics. This allows incremental development of the workflows and semantic indexing of the rules which govern them during the initial acquisition. Findings The paper introduces an event-driven model for development of business workflows which is purely logic-based and can be easily implemented using an object-oriented technology, together with a model of the business rules dependencies which supports incremental semantic indexing. It also proposes a two-level inference mechanism as a vehicle for controlling the business process execution and the process of adaptation of the business rules at real time based on propagating the dependencies. Research limitations/implications The framework is strictly logical and completely domain-independent. It allows to account both synchronous and asynchronous triggering events as well as both qualitative and quantitative description of the conditions of the rules. Although our primary interest is to apply the framework to the business processes typical in the construction industry we believe our approach has much wider potential due to its strictly logical formalization and domain independence. In fact it can be used to control any business processes where the execution is governed by rules. Practical implications The framework could be applied to both large business process modelling tasks and small but very dynamic business processes like the typical digital business processes found in online banking or e-Commerce. For example, it can be used for adjusting security policies by adding the capability to adapt automatically the access rights to account for additional resources and new channels of operation which can be very interesting ion both B2C and B2B applications. Social implications The potential scope of the impact of the research reported here is linked to the wide applicability of rule-based systems in business. Our approach makes it possible not only to control the execution of the processes, but also to identify problems in the control policies themselves from the point of view of their logical properties – consistency, redundancies and potential gaps in the logics. In addition to this, our approach not only increases the efficiency, but also provides flexibility for adaptation of the policies in real time and increases the security of the overall control which improves the overall quality of the automation. Originality/value The major achievement reported in this paper is the construction of a universal, strictly logic-based event-driven framework for business process modelling and control, which allows purely logical analysis and adaptation of the business rules governing the business workflows through accounting their dependencies. An added value is the support for object-oriented implementation and the incremental indexing which has been possible thanks to the bottom-up approach adopted in the construction of the framework.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Six Skin Isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Liang ◽  
Melissa Stephens ◽  
Victoria A. Ploplis ◽  
Shaun W. Lee ◽  
Francis J. Castellino
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Whole Genome Shotgun ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Content Type

Whole-genome shotgun sequences and bottom-up assembly of contigs of six skin isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes, viz., NS88.3 (emm98.1), NS223 (emm91), NS455 (emm52), SS1448 (emm86.2), SS1572 (emm223), and SS1574 (emm224), are presented here. All contigs were annotated, and the gene arrangements and the inferred proteins were consistent with a pattern D classification.

Scholarly skills as everyday practice – implications for education

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-236
Author(s):  
Inga Wernersson ◽  
Monica Hansen Orwehag
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Design Education ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Analytical Skills ◽  
One Year ◽  
Almost All

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand how teachers, nurses and engineers view the use of scholarly skills, such as research and critical thinking, in occupational practice and what implications this understanding may have for (especially) teacher education. Design/methodology/approach – Engineers, nurses and teachers who had worked for at least one year after their education was interviewed (telephone interviews). Four interviews from each category were made in this exploratory study. Findings – Few of the interviewees spontaneously connect their research methods training or other elements of scientific thinking in their education to everyday work practice, but all give examples of systematic, reflective and critical elements as features present in the occupational context. Almost all also view the final thesis work done in their respective programmes as a gratifying experience. Further, they describe the freedom and independence they have in their choice of research question and form of work as appealing and encouraging. Research limitations/implications – The study is exploratory and the results should be used to develop ideas about how to improve scholarly/scientific training in profession-oriented higher education programmes. Practical implications – This paper explore ways to understand and further develop the teaching of scholarly/scientific attitudes and ways of thinking in profession-oriented university programmes. Social implications – Scholarly skills such as critical thinking, analytical skills and awareness of different perspectives are important in all professions. How to design education to optimize such skills is important for people and society. Originality/value – The value of the study is that it is a try to use experiences from different fields to improve the generic scholarly aspects of professional education (especially teacher education).

A method for energy efficiency assessment during urban energy planning

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Regina de Casas Castro Marins
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Energy Planning ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Urban Energy

Purpose – Energy use in urban areas has turned a subject of local and worldwide interest over the last few years, especially emphasized by the correlated greenhouse gases emissions. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the overall energy efficiency potential and emissions resulting from integrated solutions in urban energy planning, in the scale of districts and neighbourhoods in Brazil. Design/methodology/approach – The approach is based on the description and the application of a method to analyse energy performance of urban areas and support their planning. It is a quantitative bottom-up method and involves urban morphology, urban mobility, buildings and energy supply systems. Procedures are applied to the case study of Agua Branca urban development area, located in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Findings – In the case of Agua Branca area, energy efficiency measures in buildings have shown to be very important mostly for the buildings economies themselves. For the area as a whole, strategies in promoting public transport are more effective in terms of energy efficiency and also to decrease pollutant emissions. Originality/value – Literature review has shown there is a lack of approaches and procedures able to support urban energy planning at a community scale. The bottom-up method presented in this paper integrates a plenty of disaggregated and multisectoral parameters at the same stage in urban planning and shows that is possible to identify the most promising actions by building overall performance indexes.

scholarly journals A Review on Generation and Mitigation of Airfoil Self-Induced Noise

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-178
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ibren ◽  
Amelda Dianne Andan ◽  
Waqar Asrar ◽  
Erwin Sulaeman
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Design ◽  
Acoustic Scattering ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Flow Topology ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Airfoil Surface ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Acoustic Control ◽  
Passive Acoustic ◽  
And Control

A review on passive acoustic control of airfoil self-noise by means of porous trailing edge is presented. Porous surfaces are defined using various terms such as porosity, permeability, resistivity, porosity constant, dimensionless permeability, flow control severity and tortuosity. The primary purpose of this review paper is to provide key findings regarding the sources and mitigation techniques of self-induced noise generated by airfoils. In addition, various parametric design concepts were presented, which are critically important for porous-airfoil design specifications. Most research focus on experimentation with some recent efforts on numerical simulations. Detail study on flow topology is required to fully understand the unsteady flow nature. In general, noise on the airfoil surface is linked to the vortex shedding, instabilities on the surface, as well as feedback mechanism. In addition, acoustic scattering can be minimized by reducing extent of the porous region from the trailing edge while increasing resistivity. Moreover, blowing might also be another means of reducing noise near the trailing edge. Ultimately, understanding the flow physics well provides a way to unveil the unknowns in self-induced airfoil noise generation, mitigation, and control.

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