Opportunities and challenges in additive manufacturing used in space sector:a comprehensive review

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Ishfaq ◽  
Muhammad Asad ◽  
Muhammad Arif Mahmood ◽  
Mirza Abdullah ◽  
Catalin Iulian Pruncu
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Complex Parts ◽  
Space Conditions

Purpose The purpose of this study is to compile the successful implementation of three-dimensional (3D) printing in the space for the manufacturing of complex parts. 3D printing is an additive manufacturing (AM) technique that uses metallic powder, ceramic, or polymers to build simple/complex parts. The parts produced possess good strength, low weight, excellent mechanical properties and are cost-effective. This saves a considerable amount of both time and carrying cost. Thereof the challenges and opportunities that the space sector holds for AM is worth reviewing to provide a better insight into further developments and prospects for this technology. Design/methodology/approach The potentiality of 3D printing for the manufacturing of various components under space conditions has been explained. Here, the authors have reviewed the details of manufactured parts used for zero gravity missions, subjected to onboard International Space Station conditions and with those manufactured on earth. Followed by the major opportunities in 3D printing in space which include component repair, material characterization, process improvement and process development along with the new designs. The challenges such as space conditions, availability of power in space, the infrastructure requirements and the quality control or testing of the items that are being built in space are explained along with their possible mitigation strategies. Findings These components are well comparable with those prepared on earth which enables a massive cost saving. Other than the onboard manufacturing process, numerous other components and a complete robot/satellite for outer space applications were manufactured by AM. Moreover, these components can be recycled on board to produce feedstock for the next materials. The parts produced in space are bought back and compared with those built on earth. There is a difference in their nature i.e. the flight specimen showed a brittle nature and the ground specimen showed a denser nature. Originality/value The review discusses the advancements of 3D printing in space and provides numerous examples of the applications of 3D printing in space and space applications. The paper is solely dedicated to 3D printing in space. It provides a breakthrough in the literature as a limited amount of literature is available on this topic. The paper aims at highlighting all the challenges that AM faces in the space sector and also the future opportunities that await development.

On the verge of disruption: rethinking position and role – the case of additive manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1093-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Öberg ◽  
Tawfiq Shams
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Cases ◽  
Metal 3D Printing

Purpose With the overarching idea of disruptive technology and its effects on business, this paper focuses on how companies strategically consider meeting the challenge of a disruptive technology such as additive manufacturing. The purpose of this paper is to describe and discuss changes in positions and roles related to the implementation of a disruptive technology. Design/methodology/approach Additive manufacturing could be expected to have different consequences for parties based on their current supply chain positions. The paper therefore investigates companies’ strategies related to various supply chain positions and does so by departing from a position and role point of view. Three business cases related to metal 3D printing - illustrating sub-suppliers, manufacturers and logistics firms - describe as many strategies. Data for the cases were collected through meetings, interviews, seminars and secondary data focusing on both current business activities related to additive manufacturing and scenarios for the future. Findings The companies attempted to defend their current positions, leading to new roles for them. This disconnects the change of roles from that of positions. The changed roles indicate that all parties, regardless of supply chain positions, would move into competing producing roles, thereby indicating how a disruptive technology may disrupt network structures based on companies’ attempts to defend their positions. Originality/value The paper contributes to previous research by reporting a disconnect between positions and roles among firms when disruption takes place. The paper further denotes how the investigated firms largely disregarded network consequences at the disruptive stage, caused by the introduction of additive manufacturing. The paper also contributes to research on additive manufacturing by including a business dimension and linking this to positions and roles.

Customized design and additive manufacturing of kids’ ankle foot orthosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1677-1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish Kumar Banga ◽  
Parveen Kalra ◽  
Rajendra M. Belokar ◽  
Rajesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Foot Drop ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthosis ◽  
New Material ◽  
Foot Orthosis

Purpose The purpose of this study is improvement of human gait by customized design of ankle foot orthosis (AFO). An has been the most frequently used orthosis in children with cerebral palsy. AFOs are designed to boost existing features or to avoid depression or traumatize muscle contractures. The advantages of AFO’s utilized for advancement in human walk attributes for the improvement in foot deformities patients or youngsters with spastic loss of motion. In this research on the customized design of AFO's to improve gait, there are limitations during walking of foot drop patients. In children with foot drops, specific AFOs were explicitly altered to improve parity and strength which are beneficial to walking positions. Design/methodology/approach This study proposes the customized design of AFOs using computerized and additive manufacturing for producing advances to alter the design and increase comfort for foot drop patients. Structuring the proposed design fabricated by using additive manufacturing and restricted material, the investigation was finalized at the Design Analysis Software (ANSYS). The system that performs best under investigation can additionally be printed using additive manufacturing. Findings The results show that the customized design of AFOs meets the patient’s requirements and could also be an alternative solution to the existing AFO design. The biomechanical consequences and mechanical properties of additive manufactured AFOs have been comparable to historically synthetic AFOs. While developing the novel AFO designs, the use of 3D printing has many benefits, including stiffness and weight optimization, to improve biomechanical function and comfort. To defeat the issues of foot drop patients, a customized AFO is used to improve the human gait cycle with new material and having better mechanical properties. Originality/value This research work focuses on the biomechanical impacts and mechanical properties of customized 3D-printed AFOs and compares them to traditionally made AFOs. Customized AFO design using 3D printing has numerous potential advantages, including new material with lightweight advancement, to improve biomechanical function and comfort. Normally, new applications mean an incremental collection of learning approximately the behavior of such gadgets and blending the new design, composite speculation and delivered substance production. The test results aim to overcome the new AFO structure issues and display the limited components and stress examination. The outcome of the research is the improved gait cycle of foot drop patients.

Application-driven methodology for new additive manufacturing materials development

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djamila Olivier ◽  
Salvador Borros ◽  
Guillermo Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Materials Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Quality Planning ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Compressive Resistance

Purpose – A structured customer-driven and integrative methodology to develop materials is described. The proposed methodology is aimed to drive analysis and prioritization of the multiple variables involved in a new application case for 3D printing, which involves the development of a new alumina-starch-based powder. Design/methodology/approach – The development of new powder mixture designed for 3D printing of refractory supports for metal casting moulds is presented. The quality function deployment (QFD) method was applied. Inputs for QFD analysis were found using total quality management tools. Using this approach, six process and material variables were considered to drive a prioritization analysis using a Plackett-Burman Design of Experiment (DOE) array. As performance parameter, compressive resistance was measured and assessed. Findings – QFD analysis delivered standardized procedures, irrelevant factors and target values for intermediate step parameters. Sintering parameters were found to be the most influencing over compressive resistance. Research limitations/implications – The methodology was based upon a materials development case for 3D printing. Practical implications – Knowing in advance the influence of every affecting factor of the process provides a closer control on variability of final part properties, which is a key issue to launch parts into industrial applications. Quality planning and documentation in advanced is the basis for all the quality system of the new additive manufacturing (AM) process to be created. Originality/value – Procedures for quality planning and control were proposed. This study, as methodological research, intends to introduce industrial engineering practices and quality management routines for AM material/process developers.

scholarly journals Additive manufacturing of powder components based on subtractive sintering approach

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maricruz Henkel Carrillo ◽  
Geuntak Lee ◽  
Charles Maniere ◽  
Eugene A. Olevsky
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Ceramic Powder ◽  
High Density ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Powder Particle Size ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Metallic Parts

Purpose The purpose of this work is to introduce a novel approach of using additive manufacturing (AM) to produce dense complex ceramic and metallic parts. Powder 3D printing has been gaining popularity due to its ease of use and versatility. However, powder-based methods such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and Sintering (SLS), utilizes high power lasers which generate thermal shock conditions in metals and are not ideal for ceramics due to their high melting temperature. Indirect additive manufacturing methods have been explored to address the above issues but have proven to be wasteful and time-consuming. Design/methodology/approach In this work, a novel approach of producing high density net-shaped prototypes using subtractive sintering (SS) and solvent jetting is developed. AM combined with SS (AM-SS) is a process that includes five simple steps. AM-SS can produce repeatable and reliable results as has been shown in this work. Findings As a proof-of-concept, a zirconia dental crown with a high density of 97% is fabricated using this approach. Microstructure and properties of the fabricated components are analyzed. Originality/value A major advantage of this method is the ability to efficiently fabricate high density parts using either metal powder and more importantly, ceramic powder which is traditionally difficult to densify using AM. Additionally, any powder particle size (including nano) and shape can be used which is not the case for traditional powder-based 3D printing.

Produktivitätssteigerung durch Hybridisierung im 3D-Druck/Process development for the automated production of plastic parts with integrated functional components. Increased productivity through hybridization in 3D printing

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (07-08) ◽  
pp. 521-525
Author(s):  
Michael Baranowski ◽  
Markus Netzer ◽  
Sven Coutandin ◽  
Jürgen Fleischer
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Flexible Production ◽  
Additive Fertigung ◽  
Automated Production ◽  
Individualized Production ◽  
Plastic Parts ◽  
Functional Components

Die additive Fertigung erlaubt eine standortunabhängige sowie de facto individualisierte Produktion von Bauteilen mit nahezu beliebiger Komplexität. Für die flexible Herstellung von hochfunktionalen Hybridbauteilen fehlt es allerdings an entsprechenden Maschinenkonzepten sowie Automatisierungslösungen. Durch ein hier vorgestelltes Anlagenkonzept sollen Funktionskomponenten in den additiven Herstellungsprozess integriert und neue Möglichkeiten der Bauteilhybridisierung erforscht werden.   Additive manufacturing allows a location-independent and de facto individualized production of components of almost any complexity. However, there is a need for appropriate machine concepts and automation solutions for the flexible production of highly functional hybrid components. A plant concept presented here is intended to integrate functional components into the additive manufacturing process and to explore new possibilities for component hybridization.

Fabrication of nanocellulose/PEGDA hydrogel by 3D printing

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1265-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimin Tang ◽  
Qinwen Wang ◽  
Shan Zhao ◽  
Wangyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Aqueous Dispersion ◽  
Compression Modulus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Light Curing ◽  
Equilibrium Swelling Ratio

Purpose Nanocellulose is characterised by favourable biocompatibility, degradability, nanostructure effect, high modulus and high tensile strength and has been widely applied in various fields. The current research in the field of new nanocellulose materials mainly focuses on the hydrogel, aerogel and the tissue engineering scaffold. All of these are three-dimensional (3D) porous materials, but conventional manufacturing technology fails to realise precise control. Therefore, the method of preparing structural materials using 3D printing and adopting the nanocellulose as the 3D printing material has been proposed. Then, how to realise 3D printing of nanocellulose is the problem that should be solved. Design/methodology/approach By adding the photosensitive component polyethyleneglycol diacrylate (PEGDA) in the aqueous dispersion system of nanocellulose, the nanocellulose was endowed with photosensitivity. Then, nanocellulose/PEGDA hydrogels were prepared by the additive manufacturing of nanocellulose through light curing. Findings The results showed that the nanocellulose/PEGDA hydrogels had a uniform shape and a controllable structure. The nanocellulose supported the scaffold structure in the hydrogels. Prepared with 1.8 per cent nanocellulose through 40 s of light curing, the nanocellulose/PEGDA hydrogels had a maximum compression modulus of 0.91 MPa. The equilibrium swelling ratio of the nanocellulose/PEGDA hydrogel prepared with 1.8 per cent nanocellulose was 13.56, which increased by 44 per cent compared with that of the PEGDA hydrogel without nanocellulose. Originality/value The paper proposed a method for rapidly prototyping the nanocellulose with expected properties, which provided a theoretical basis and technological reference for the 3D additive manufacturing of nanocellulose 3D structure materials with a controlled accurate architecture.

Modeling of pneumatic valve dispenser for printing viscous biomaterials in additive manufacturing

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 434-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Ren ◽  
Qingwei Zhang ◽  
Kewei Liu ◽  
Ho-lung Li ◽  
Jack G. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Surface Tension Coefficient ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pneumatic Valve ◽  
Printing Machine ◽  
Manufacturing Machine

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is establishing a general mathematical model and theoretical design rules for 3D printing of biomaterials. Additive manufacturing of biomaterials provides many opportunities for fabrication of complex tissue structures, which are difficult to fabricate by traditional manufacturing methods. Related problems and research tasks are raised by the study on biomaterials’ 3D printing. Most researchers are interested in the materials studies; however, the corresponded additive manufacturing machine is facing some technical problems in printing user-prepared biomaterials. New biomaterials have uncertainty in physical properties, such as viscosity and surface tension coefficient. Therefore, the 3D printing process requires lots of trials to achieve proper printing parameters, such as printing layer thickness, maximum printing line distance and printing nozzle’s feeding speed; otherwise, the desired computer-aided design (CAD) file will not be printed successfully in 3D printing. Design/methodology/approach – Most additive manufacturing machine for user-prepared bio-material use pneumatic valve dispensers or extruder as printing nozzle, because the air pressure activated valve can print many different materials, which have a wide range of viscosity. We studied the structure inside the pneumatic valve dispenser in our 3D heterogeneous printing machine, and established mathematical models for 3D printing CAD structure and fluid behaviors inside the dispenser during printing process. Findings – Based on theoretical modeling, we found that the bio-material’s viscosity, surface tension coefficient and pneumatic valve dispenser’s dispensing step time will affect the final structure directly. We verified our mathematical model by printing of two kinds of self-prepared biomaterials, and the results supported our modeling and theoretical calculation. Research limitations/implications – For a certain kinds of biomaterials, the mathematical model and design rules will have unique solutions to the functions and equations. Therefore, each biomaterial’s physical data should be collected and input to the model for specified solutions. However, for each user-made 3D printing machine, the core programming code can be modified to adjust the parameters, which follows our mathematical model and the related CAD design rules. Originality – This study will provide a universal mathematical method to set up design rules for new user-prepared biomaterials in 3D printing of a CAD structure.

Additive manufacturing in the wood-furniture sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Murmura ◽  
Laura Bravi
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wood Furniture ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Purpose In the world economy there is the emergence of advanced manufacturing technologies that are enabling more cost and resource-efficient small-scale production. Among them, additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing, is leading companies to rethink where and how they conduct their manufacturing activities. The purpose of this paper is to focus in the Italian wood-furniture industry to understand if the companies in this sector are investing in additive manufacturing techniques, to remain competitive in their reference markets. The research also attempts to investigate the potential sustainable benefits and limitations to the implementation of 3D printing in this specific sector, considering the companies that have already implemented this technology. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using a structured questionnaire survey performed on a sample of 234 Italian companies in this sector; 76 companies claimed to use 3D printing in their production system. The questionnaire was distributed via computer-assisted web interviewing and it consisted of four sections. Findings The research has highlighted how Italian 3D companies have a specific profile; they are companies aimed at innovating through the search for new products and product features, putting design and Made in Italy in the first place. They pay high attention to the image they communicate to the market and are highly oriented to the final customer, and to the satisfaction of its needs. Originality/value The study is attempting to expand a recent and unexplored research line on the possible advantages and disadvantages of the implementation of emerging production technologies such as 3D printing.

On the adoption of additive manufacturing in healthcare: a literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukul Ramola ◽  
Vinod Yadav ◽  
Rakesh Jain
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Healthcare It ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Printing Techniques

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss different 3D printing techniques and also illustrate the issues related to 3D printing and cost-effectiveness in the near future.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review methodology is adopted for this review paper. 3D printing is in the initial phase of implementation in healthcare; therefore, a study of 70 research papers is done, which discusses the research trends of 3D printing in healthcare sector from 2007 to mid-2018.FindingsThough additive manufacturing has a vast application, it has not been used to its full potential. Therefore, more research is required in that direction. It is revealed from the review that only a few researchers have explored issues related to cost, which can clearly show cost-effectiveness of adopting 3D printing.Originality/valueThis paper helps in understanding the different 3D printing techniques and their application in the healthcare. It also proposed some methods which can be applied in delivering customized pharmaceuticals to the customer and to improve surgery.

Development of a deposition framework for implementation of a region-based adaptive slicing strategy in arc-based metal additive manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitish P. Gokhale ◽  
Prateek Kala
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Mathematical Function ◽  
Adaptive Slicing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Metal Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Metal Additive

Purpose This study aims to develop and demonstrate a deposition framework for the implementation of a region-based adaptive slicing strategy for the Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding-based additive manufacturing system. The present study demonstrates a deposition framework for implementing a novel region-based adaptive slicing strategy termed as Fast Interior and Accurate Exterior with Constant Layer Height (FIAECLH). Design/methodology/approach The mentioned framework has been developed by performing experiments using the design of experiments and analyzing the experimental data. Analysis results have been used to obtain the mathematical function to integrate customization in the process. The paper, in the end, demonstrates the FIAECLH framework for implementing region-based adaptive slicing strategy on the hardware level. Findings The study showcase a new way of implementing the region-based adaptive slicing strategy to arc-based metal additive manufacturing. The study articulating a new strategy for its implementation in all types of wire and arc additive manufacturing processes. Originality/value Wire-arc-based technology has the potential to deliver cost-effective solutions for metal additive manufacturing. The research on arc welding-based processes is being carried out in different dimensions. To deposit parts with complex geometry and better dimensional accuracy implementation of a novel region-based adaptive slicing strategy for the arc-based additive manufacturing process is an essential task. The successful implementation of an adaptive slicing strategy would ease the fabrication of complex geometry in less time. This paper accomplishes this need of implementing a region-based adaptive slicing strategy as no experimental investigation has been reported for the TIG-based additive manufacturing process.

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