Research on color 3D printing based on color adherence

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhua Yang ◽  
Xin-guang Lv ◽  
Xiao-jie Liu ◽  
Jia-qing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Color Line ◽  
Color Distribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
3D Print ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Color Printing

Purpose This paper aims to present a method of color three-dimensional (3D) printing based on color adherence. Design/methodology/approach First, experiments of the color effects of 3D printings using different carriers and different printing methods were performed. Second, the color of a specific point could be calculated through a theory of dimension-reducing, and the color distribution of 3D model was transformed from 3D to 1D color line corresponding with 3D print sequence. At last, the color lines, which were printed on a PE film by silk-screen printing, was carried by a filament and then printed through a fused deposition modeling 3D printer. Findings The printing ink and PE film are suitable as the pigment and carrier under this investigation, respectively. Based on an idea of reducing dimension, the method of 3D color printing through adhering color to a filament is realized. The color saturation of the sample was relatively high through the method. Research limitations/implications It is hard to avoid that there may be some residual color in the nozzle through this method, and the purity of following color will be affected. As a result, continuous improvements should be made to perfect the method. Practical implications An approach of 3D color printing is described in detail, and what kind of model is more applicable is discussed particularly. Originality/value This approach is implemented to print color 3D objects with just one nozzle by means of color adherence. That is, printing the 3D objects using the filament is carried out with 1D color line, which is printed by a traditional printing method.

Options for additive rapid prototyping methods (3D printing) in MEMS technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor A. Lifton ◽  
Gregory Lifton ◽  
Steve Simon
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
3D Print ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Mems Technology

Purpose – This study aims to investigate the options for additive rapid prototyping methods in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. Additive rapid prototyping technologies, such as stereolithography (SLA), fused deposition modeling (FDM) and selective laser sintering (SLS), all commonly known as three-dimensional (3D) printing methods, are reviewed and compared with the resolution requirements of the traditional MEMS fabrication methods. Design/methodology/approach – In the 3D print approach, the entire assembly, parts and prototypes are built using various plastic and metal materials directly from the software file input, completely bypassing any additional processing steps. The review highlights their potential place in the overall process flow to reduce the complexity of traditional microfabrication and long processing cycles needed to test multiple prototypes before the final design is set. Findings – Additive manufacturing (AM) is a promising manufacturing technique in micro-device technology. Practical implications – In the current state of 3D printing, microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip devices for fluid handling and manipulation appear to be the most compatible with the 3D print methods, given their fairly coarse minimum feature size of 50-500 μm. Future directions in the 3D materials and method development are identified, such as adhesion and material compatibility studies of the 3D print materials, wafer-level printing and conductive materials development. One of the most important goals should be the drive toward finer resolution and layer thickness (1-10 μm) to stimulate the use of the 3D printing in a wider array of MEMS devices. Originality/value – The review combines two discrete disciplines, microfabrication and AM, and shows how microfabrication and micro-device commercialization may benefit from employing methods developed by the AM community.

3D printing of generative art using the assembly and deformation of direction-specified parts

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 636-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaususi Kanada
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Printing Direction

Purpose A methodology for designing and printing three-dimensional (3D) objects with specified printing-direction using fused deposition modeling (FDM), which was proposed by a previous paper, enables the expression of natural directions, such as hair, fabric or other directed textures, in modeled objects. This paper aims to enhance this methodology for creating various shapes of generative visual objects with several specialized attributes. Design/methodology/approach The proposed enhancement consists of two new methods and a new technique. The first is a method for “deformation”. It enables deforming simple 3D models to create varieties of shapes much more easily in generative design processes. The second is the spiral/helical printing method. The print direction (filament direction) of each part of a printed object is made consistent by this method, and it also enables seamless printing results and enables low-angle overhang. The third, i.e. the light-reflection control technique, controls the properties of filament while printing with transparent polylactic acid. It enables the printed objects to reflect light brilliantly. Findings The proposed methods and technique were implemented in a Python library and evaluated by printing various shapes, and it is confirmed that they work well, and objects with attractive attributes, such as the brilliance, can be created. Research limitations/implications The methods and technique proposed in this paper are not well-suited to industrial prototyping or manufacturing that require strength or intensity. Practical implications The techniques proposed in this paper are suited for generatively producing various a small number of products with artistic or visual properties. Originality/value This paper proposes a completely different methodology for 3D printing than the conventional computer-aided design (CAD)-based methodology and enables products that cannot be created by conventional methods.

Synthesis and properties of modified PBT for FDM

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 804-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqing Cao ◽  
Dandan Yu ◽  
Weilan Xue ◽  
Zuoxiang Zeng ◽  
Wanyu Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sebacic Acid ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to prepare a new modified polybutylene terephalate (MPBT) for fused deposition modeling (FDM) to increase the variety of materials compatible with printing. And the printing materials can be used to print components with a complex structure and functional mechanical parts. Design/methodology/approach The MPBT, poly(butylene terephalate-co-isophthalate-co-sebacate) (PBTIS), was prepared for FDM by direct esterification and subsequent polycondensation using terephthalic acid (PTA), isophthalic acid (PIA), sebacic acid (SA) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO). The effects of the content of PIA (20-40 mol%) on the mechanical properties of PBTIS were investigated when the mole per cent of SA (αSA) is zero. The effects of αSA (0-7mol%) on the thermal, rheological and mechanical properties of PBTIS were investigated at nPTA/nPIA = 7/3. A desktop wire drawing and extruding machine was used to fabricate the filaments, whose printability and anisotropy were tested by three-dimensional (3D) printing experiments. Findings A candidate content of PIA introducing into PBT was obtained to be about 30 per cent, and the Izod notched impact strength of PBTIS increased with the increase of αSA. The results showed that the PBTIS (nPTA/nPIA = 7/3, αSA = 3-5mol%) is suitable for FDM. Originality/value New printing materials with good Izod notched impact strength were obtained by introducing PIA and SA (nPTA/nPIA = 7/3, αSA = 3-5 mol%) into PBT and their anisotropy are better than that of ABS.

scholarly journals Mesh-Type Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing of Human Organs and Tumors: Fast, Cost-Effective, and Personalized Anatomic Modeling of Patient-Oriented Visual Aids

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1047
Author(s):  
Jungirl Seok ◽  
Sungmin Yoon ◽  
Chang Hwan Ryu ◽  
Junsun Ryu ◽  
Seok-ki Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Surgical Specimen ◽  
Personalized Care ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Mesh Work

Although three-dimensional (3D)-printed anatomic models are not new to medicine, the high costs and lengthy production times entailed have limited their application. Our goal was developing a new and less costly 3D modeling method to depict organ-tumor relations at faster printing speeds. We have devised a method of 3D modeling using tomographic images. Coordinates are extracted at a specified interval, connecting them to create mesh-work replicas. Adjacent constructs are depicted by density variations, showing anatomic targets (i.e., tumors) in contrasting colors. An array of organ solid-tumor models was printed via a Fused Deposition Modeling 3D printer at significantly less cost ($0.05/cm3) and time expenditure (1.73 min/cm3; both, p < 0.001). Printed models helped promote visual appreciation of organ-tumor anatomy and adjacent tissues. Our mesh-work 3D thyroidal prototype reproduced glandular size/contour and tumor location, readily approximating the surgical specimen. This newly devised mesh-type 3D printing method may facilitate anatomic modeling for personalized care and improve patient awareness during informed surgical consent.

Effect of copper or carbon fiber addition to the 3D printing of polylactid samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 727-732
Author(s):  
L. Zárybnická ◽  
D. Machová ◽  
K. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
3D Print ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Printing Quality ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
The Right

Abstract This paper presents the effect of additives on the quality of a product created by 3D print. The product is created by the most widely used 3D printing method - Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). Polylactic acid (PLA) filaments are tested without and with the addition of carbon fibers or copper. The specimens are characterized by different methods, such as mechanical testing, measuring roughness by digital microscope with a large depth of field and thermal analysis. In fact, FDM is a problematic process with numerous criterions that affect printing quality. Printing parameters such as print temperature, pad temperature, print speed for 3D printing, printing orientation etc. have an important impact on the performance and quality of FDM components. Due to the correct parameters, the product of the required quality with a longer service life is obtained. The results of testing show that the quantity and choice of the right ingredient has a major impact on the mechanical properties and overall quality of the investigated product.

Experimental study on the accuracy and surface quality of printed versus machined holes in PEI Ultem 9085 FDM specimens

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Giovanni Gómez-Gras ◽  
Marco A. Pérez ◽  
Jorge Fábregas-Moreno ◽  
Guillermo Reyes-Pozo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Quality ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Through Hole

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the quality of printed surfaces and manufacturing tolerances by comparing the cylindrical cavities machined in parts obtained by fused deposition modeling (FDM) with the holes manufactured during the printing process itself. The comparison focuses on the results of roughness and tolerances, intending to obtain practical references when making assemblies. Design/methodology/approach The experimental approach focuses on the comparison of the results of roughness and tolerances of two manufacturing strategies: geometric volumes with a through-hole and the through-hole machined in volumes that were initially printed without the hole. Throughout the study, both alternates are explained to make appropriate recommendations. Findings The study shows the best combinations of technological parameters, both machining and three-dimensional printing, which have been decisive for obtaining successful results. These conclusive results allow enunciating recommendations for use in the industrial environment. Originality/value This paper fulfills an identified need to study the dimensional accuracy of the geometries obtained by additive manufacturing, as no experimental evidence has been found of studies that directly address the problem of the FDM-printed part with geometric and dimensional tolerances and desirable surface quality for assembly.

scholarly journals Research on the Application of MWCNTs/PLA Composite Material in the Manufacturing of Conductive Composite Products in 3D Printing

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjie Luo ◽  
Haibao Wang ◽  
Duquan Zuo ◽  
Anping Ji ◽  
Yaowen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Conductive Composites ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

As an advanced manufacturing technology that has been developed in recent years, three-dimensional (3D) printing of macromolecular materials can create complex-shaped components that cannot be realized by traditional processing. However, only a few types of macromolecular materials are suitable for 3D printing: the structure must have a single function, and manufacturing macromolecular functional devices is difficult. In this study, using poly lactic acid (PLA) as a matrix, conductive composites were prepared by adding various contents of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The printability and properties of MWCNT/PLA composites with different MWCNT proportions were studied by using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) processing technology of 3D printing. The experimental results showed that high conductivity can be realized in 3D-printed products with a composite material containing 5% MWCNTs; its conductivity was 0.4 ± 0.2 S/cm, its tensile strength was 78.4 ± 12.4 MPa, and its elongation at break was 94.4% ± 14.3%. It had a good melt flow rate and thermal properties, and it enabled smooth printing, thus meeting all the requirements for the 3D printing of consumables.

A Heuristic Scaling Strategy for Multi-Robot Cooperative Three-Dimensional Printing

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmi Poudel ◽  
Chandler Blair ◽  
Jace McPherson ◽  
Zhenghui Sha ◽  
Wenchao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Geometric Constraints ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Printing Time

Abstract While three-dimensional (3D) printing has been making significant strides over the past decades, it still trails behind mainstream manufacturing due to its lack of scalability in both print size and print speed. Cooperative 3D printing (C3DP) is an emerging technology that holds the promise to mitigate both of these issues by having a swarm of printhead-carrying mobile robots working together to finish a single print job cooperatively. In our previous work, we have developed a chunk-based printing strategy to enable the cooperative 3D printing with two fused deposition modeling (FDM) mobile 3D printers, which allows each of them to print one chunk at a time without interfering with the other and the printed part. In this paper, we present a novel method in discretizing the continuous 3D printing process, where the desired part is discretized into chunks, resulting in multi-stage 3D printing process. In addition, the key contribution of this study is the first working scaling strategy for cooperative 3D printing based on simple heuristics, called scalable parallel arrays of robots for 3DP (SPAR3), which enables many mobile 3D printers to work together to reduce the total printing time for large prints. In order to evaluate the performance of the printing strategy, a framework is developed based on directed dependency tree (DDT), which provides a mathematical and graphical description of dependency relationships and sequence of printing tasks. The graph-based framework can be used to estimate the total print time for a given print strategy. Along with the time evaluation metric, the developed framework provides us with a mathematical representation of geometric constraints that are temporospatially dynamic and need to be satisfied in order to achieve collision-free printing for any C3DP strategy. The DDT-based evaluation framework is then used to evaluate the proposed SPAR3 strategy. The results validate the SPAR3 as a collision-free strategy that can significantly shorten the printing time (about 11 times faster with 16 robots for the demonstrated examples) in comparison with the traditional 3D printing with single printhead.

scholarly journals Polymers for Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Pharmaceuticals: A Holistic Materials–Process Perspective

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Azad ◽  
Deborah Olawuni ◽  
Georgia Kimbell ◽  
Abu Zayed Md Badruddoza ◽  
Md. Shahadat Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Polymer Mixtures ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Process Perspective ◽  
Printing Processes

Three dimensional (3D) printing as an advanced manufacturing technology is progressing to be established in the pharmaceutical industry to overcome the traditional manufacturing regime of 'one size fits for all'. Using 3D printing, it is possible to design and develop complex dosage forms that can be suitable for tuning drug release. Polymers are the key materials that are necessary for 3D printing. Among all 3D printing processes, extrusion-based (both fused deposition modeling (FDM) and pressure-assisted microsyringe (PAM)) 3D printing is well researched for pharmaceutical manufacturing. It is important to understand which polymers are suitable for extrusion-based 3D printing of pharmaceuticals and how their properties, as well as the behavior of polymer–active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) combinations, impact the printing process. Especially, understanding the rheology of the polymer and API–polymer mixtures is necessary for successful 3D printing of dosage forms or printed structures. This review has summarized a holistic materials–process perspective for polymers on extrusion-based 3D printing. The main focus herein will be both FDM and PAM 3D printing processes. It elaborates the discussion on the comparison of 3D printing with the traditional direct compression process, the necessity of rheology, and the characterization techniques required for the printed structure, drug, and excipients. The current technological challenges, regulatory aspects, and the direction toward which the technology is moving, especially for personalized pharmaceuticals and multi-drug printing, are also briefly discussed.

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