scholarly journals Multiresolution layered manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose David Fernandez ◽  
Joel de Coninck
Keyword(s):  
3D Structure ◽  
Layered Manufacturing ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
3D Structures ◽  
Large Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Printing Time

Purpose Two-photon polymerization (TPP) has become one of the most popular techniques for stereolithography at very high resolutions. When printing relatively large structures at high resolutions, one of the main limiting factors is the printing time. The purpose of this paper is to present a new slicing algorithm to minimize printing times. Design/methodology/approach Typically, slicing algorithms used for TPP do not take into account the fact that TPP can print at a range of resolutions (i.e. with different heights and diameters) by varying parameters such as exposure time, laser power, photoresist properties and optical arrangements. This work presents multiresolution layered manufacturing (MLM), a novel slicing algorithm that processes 3D structures to separate parts manufacturable at low resolution from those that require a higher resolution. Findings MLM can significantly reduce the printing time of 3D structures at high resolutions. The maximum theoretical speed-up depends on the range of printing resolutions, but the effective speed-up also depends on the geometry of each 3D structure. Research limitations/implications MLM opens the possibility to significantly decrease printing times, potentially opening the use of TPP to new applications in many disciplines such as microfluidics, metamaterial research or wettability. Originality/value There are many instances of previous research on printing at several resolutions. However, in most cases, the toolpaths have to be manually arranged. In some cases, previous research also automates the generation of toolpaths, but they are limited in various ways. MLM is the first algorithm to comprehensively solve this problem for a wide range of true 3D structures.

scholarly journals Reconfiguration of Multistable 3D Ferromagnetic Mesostructures Guided by Energy Landscape Surveys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
Sam Avis ◽  
Junbo Chen ◽  
Guangfu Wu ◽  
Teng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Energy Landscape ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Stable States ◽  
3D Structures ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Reconfigurable three-dimensional (3D) structures that can reversibly change their geometries and thereby their functionalities are promising for a wide range of applications. Despite intensive studies, the lack of fundamental understanding of the highly nonlinear multistable states existing in these structures has significantly hindered the development of reconfigurable systems that can realize rapid, well-controlled shape change. Herein we present a systematic, integrated experimental and computational study to control and tailor the multistable states of 3D structures and their reconfiguration paths. Our energy landscape analysis using a discrete shell model and minimum energy pathway methods leads to design maps for a controlled number of stable states by varying geometry and material parameters, and energy-efficient reconfiguration paths among the multistable states. Concurrently, our experiments show that 3D structures assembled from ferromagnetic composite thin films of diverse geometries can be rapidly reconfigured among their multistable states, with the number of stable states and reconfigurable paths in excellent agreement with computational predictions. In addition, we demonstrate a wide breadth of applications including reconfigurable 3D light emitting systems, remotely- controlled release of particles/drugs from a reconfigurable structure, and 3D structure arrays that can form desired patterns following the written path of a magnetic “pen”. Our results represent a critical step towards the rational design and development of well-controlled, rapidly and remotely reconfigurable structures for many applications.

scholarly journals Streptococcus pyogenesCapsule Promotes Microcolony-Independent Biofilm Formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 201 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Matysik ◽  
Kimberly A. Kline
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Initial Adhesion ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACTBiofilms play an important role in the pathogenesis of group A streptococcus (GAS), a Gram-positive pathogen responsible for a wide range of infections and with a significant public health impact. Although most GAS serotypes are able to form biofilms, there is a large amount of heterogeneity between individual strains in biofilm formation, as measured by standard crystal violet assays. It is generally accepted that biofilm formation includes the initial adhesion of bacterial cells to a surface followed by microcolony formation, biofilm maturation, and extensive production of extracellular matrix that links together proliferating cells and provides a scaffold for the three-dimensional (3D) biofilm structure. However, our studies show that for GAS strain JS95, microcolony formation is not an essential step in static biofilm formation, and instead, biofilm can be effectively formed from slow-growing or nonreplicating late-exponential- or early-stationary-phase planktonic cells via sedimentation and fixation of GAS chains. In addition, we show that the GAS capsule specifically contributes to the alternative sedimentation-initiated biofilms. Microcolony-independent sedimentation biofilms are similar in morphology and 3D structure to biofilms initiated by actively dividing planktonic bacteria. We conclude that GAS can form biofilms by an alternate noncanonical mechanism that does not require transition from microcolony formation to biofilm maturation and which may be obscured by biofilm phenotypes that arise via the classical biofilm maturation processes.IMPORTANCEThe static biofilm assay is a common tool for easy biomass quantification of biofilm-forming bacteria. However,Streptococcus pyogenesbiofilm formation as measured by the static assay is strain dependent and yields heterogeneous results for different strains of the same serotype. In this study, we show that two independent mechanisms, for which the protective capsule contributes opposing functions, may contribute to static biofilm formation. We propose that separation of these mechanisms for biofilm formation might uncover previously unappreciated biofilm phenotypes that may otherwise be masked in the classic static assay.

Latest in VISION SENSOR Technology as well as innovations in sensing, pressure, force, medical, particle size and many other applications

Sensor Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bloss
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Vision Sensor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Vision Sensors ◽  
Sensor Field ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Vision ◽  
The Many ◽  
New Applications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review some of the latest in new vision sensor technologies as well as other innovative sensor products being developed and reaching the market. Design/methodology/approach This study is a review of published information and papers on research as well as contact and discussions with researchers and suppliers in this field at the Vision Show and the Ceramics Show. Findings Microelectronics and electrochemical technologies have been a major factor in technology advancements of sensors for a wide range of applications. Vision sensors have become very important, as applications such as drone aircraft and driver less cars have dramatically grown. Technology has advanced and so sensors are becoming smarter, are smaller, offer better resolution, are much more sensitive than in the past and address previously unserved applications. Originality/value Readers may be very excited to learn of the many advances in vision and other technologies which are coming to the sensor field. Such sensors are addressing new applications that were not previously possible which are now being served.

Cumulative degradation methodology to predict reliability of electronic systems

Circuit World ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Thiel ◽  
Flavio Griggio ◽  
Sanjay Tiku
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Consistency Condition ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Physics Of Failure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Performance Metric ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Speed Up

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe a novel methodology for predicting reliability for consumer electronics or any other hardware systems that experience a complex lifecycle environmental profile. Design/methodology/approach This Physics-of-Failure–based three-step methodology can be used to predict the degradation rate of a population using a Monte Carlo approach. The three steps include: using an empirical equation describing the degradation of a performance metric, a degradation consistency condition and a technique to account for cumulative degradation across multiple life-cycle stress conditions (e.g. temperature, voltage, mechanical load, etc.). Findings Two case studies are provided to illustrate the methodology including one related to repeated touch-load induced artifacts for displays. Originality/value This novel methodology can be applied to a wide range of applications from mechanical systems to electrical circuits. The results can be fed into the several stages of engineering validation to speed up product qualification.

scholarly journals Modeling structure, stability and flexibility of double-stranded RNAs in salt solutions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jin ◽  
Y.Z. Shi ◽  
C.J. Feng ◽  
Y.L. Tan ◽  
Z.J. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Electrostatic Potential ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
3D Structures ◽  
Coarse Grained Model ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractDouble-stranded (ds) RNAs play essential roles in many processes of cell metabolism. The knowledge of three-dimensional (3D) structure, stability and flexibility of dsRNAs in salt solutions is important for understanding their biological functions. In this work, we further developed our previously proposed coarse-grained model to predict 3D structure, stability and flexibility for dsRNAs in monovalent and divalent ion solutions through involving an implicit structure-based electrostatic potential. The model can make reliable predictions for 3D structures of extensive dsRNAs with/without bulge/internal loops from their sequences, and the involvement of the structure-based electrostatic potential and corresponding ion condition can improve the predictions on 3D structures of dsRNAs in ion solutions. Furthermore, the model can make good predictions on thermal stability for extensive dsRNAs over the wide range of monovalent/divalent ion concentrations, and our analyses show that thermally unfolding pathway of a dsRNA is generally dependent on its length as well as its sequence. In addition, the model was employed to examine the salt-dependent flexibility of a dsRNA helix and the calculated salt-dependent persistence lengths are in good accordance with experiments.

Unmanned vehicles while becoming smaller and smarter are addressing new applications in medical, agriculture, in addition to military and security

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bloss
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Unmanned Vehicle ◽  
Security Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – Review of the most recent unmanned vehicle show in Washington DC with emphasis on the new robot innovations and applications on display. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – In-depth interviews with exhibitors of unmanned vehicles and suppliers of other related equipment and support services. Findings – Unmanned vehicles are moving rapidly into new applications such as agriculture, environmental monitoring and medical along with maintaining their importance in the traditional military and security applications of the past. Practical implications – Customers will be surprised at the innovations making these robotic vehicles smaller, smarter and more adaptable to a wide range of new applications. Originality/value – A review of some of the latest innovations and applications for unmanned vehicles that one might have seen if they had been on the exhibition floor at the most recent Washington DC unmanned vehicle show.

Developing an SME based six sigma strategy

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Thomas ◽  
Richard Barton
Keyword(s):  
Six Sigma ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Engineering Problem ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Six Sigma Methodology ◽  
Correct Application ◽  
Six Sigma Approach

PurposeThe effective implementation of the six sigma strategy within UK manufacturing industries, in particular SMEs, can be considered to be poor. SMEs cite high costs and complexity of implementation as being the major limiting factors as to its widespread use. This paper aims to describe the application of six sigma in an SME and to show how the company applied a cost‐effective six sigma methodology to eradicate a critical to quality (CTQ) issue. The paper seeks to conclude by developing a strategic framework for the widespread use of six sigma in SMEs.Design/methodology/approachThis paper applies the six sigma strategy in an SME in order to eradicate a major CTQ issue. It identifies the approach employed, the tools and techniques used and shows the savings that were made through the structured application of the DMAIC procedure, which is at the heart of the six sigma approach.FindingsThrough the correct application of experimental design approaches, this paper identifies the optimum parameter settings that enabled the company to eradicate the CTQ issue and achieve significant improvements in quality and cost from a modest financial outlay.Research limitations/implicationsThe design and implementation of an SME‐specific six sigma strategy and its application to a real engineering problem will enable companies to apply the techniques and to attain improvements in terms of cost and quality.Originality/valueThe application of the six sigma strategy and the resulting conclusions as to its effectiveness for industry are the real value of this paper. This paper will be valuable for quality professionals, design engineers and manufacturing specialists in a wide range of industries.

scholarly journals ImmunoAnalysis: A New Journal to Publish Peer-Reviewed Manuscripts in the Fields of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Immunology

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Abolghasem Jouyban ◽  
Behzad Baradaran ◽  
Elaheh Rahimpour ◽  
Leili Aghebati-Maleki
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Open Access Journal ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Qualitative Detection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Time And Energy

The immunoassay area in clinical chemistry began with the development of the first immunoassay for insulin by Solomon Berson and Rosalyn S. Yalow in 1959. Their work resulted in their receipt of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1977. The radioimmunoassay for insulin has paved the way for the development of immunoassays for thousands of other analytes over the ensuing half a century. A decision by Drs. Berson and Yalow to not patent this technology accelerated the progress of immunoassay development. Immunoassay technology continues to evolve with new applications and improved analytical platforms. The future appears to be headed in two directions: continued improvement in immunodetection methods for very high-sensitivity applications, and multiplex analysis. During 1995–2021, a wide range of immunoassays has been developed to provide the quantitative, semi-quantitative, or qualitative detection of analytes in various bioanalytical settings, such as clinical diagnostics, biopharmaceutical analysis, environmental monitoring, security, and food testing. However, there is only one specialized journal in this field namely "Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry". ImmunoAnalysis as the second journal in this field will provide a platform for the publication of studies on all scientific aspects of immune analysis, including developing bioanalytical methods such as quantification of small molecules, peptides, proteins, antibodies, biomarkers, and immunoassay methods, and studies in immunology field such as innate immunity and inflammation; immune receptors, cellular and systemic immunity; vaccines; immune tolerance; autoimmunity, tumor immunology, and microbial immunopathology. It is a peer-reviewed, platinum open access journal (no processing or publication fees) intended to maintain the highest possible global scientific standards. We acknowledge the support from TUOMS press in making use of their facilities and for hosting the journal. The members of the editorial board by using their wide range of perspectives and expertise make a journal that will be an indispensable resource and a sum of parts offering something new to forthcoming studies. We have been buoyed and empowered by their supports. Crucially, of course, those reviewers who will spend their time and energy to assess submissions are a fundamental part of this endeavor. Finally, starting this journal is not meant to provide just another "outlet" for papers, but stems from the ambition to continue, develop and start important discussions in the field of immune analysis. We warmly invite you to join us as reviewers and authors to speed up the growth of this journal. The issues ImmunoAnalysis considers are yours.

Extending the Applicability of the ANI Deep Learning Molecular Potential to Sulfur and Halogens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Devereux ◽  
Justin Smith ◽  
Kate Davis ◽  
Kipton Barros ◽  
Roman Zubatyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Potential Energy Surfaces ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Molecular Potential ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Energy Surfaces ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Physical Phenomena

<p>Machine learning (ML) methods have become powerful, predictive tools in a wide range of applications, such as facial recognition and autonomous vehicles. In the sciences, computational chemists and physicists have been using ML for the prediction of physical phenomena, such as atomistic potential energy surfaces and reaction pathways. Transferable ML potentials, such as ANI-1x, have been developed with the goal of accurately simulating organic molecules containing the chemical elements H, C, N, and O. Here we provide an extension of the ANI-1x model. The new model, dubbed ANI-2x, is trained to three additional chemical elements: S, F, and Cl. Additionally, ANI-2x underwent torsional refinement training to better predict molecular torsion profiles. These new features open a wide range of new applications within organic chemistry and drug development. These seven elements (H, C, N, O, F, Cl, S) make up ~90% of drug like molecules. To show that these additions do not sacrifice accuracy, we have tested this model across a range of organic molecules and applications, including the COMP6 benchmark, dihedral rotations, conformer scoring, and non-bonded interactions. ANI-2x is shown to accurately predict molecular energies compared to DFT with a ~10<sup>6</sup> factor speedup and a negligible slowdown compared to ANI-1x. The resulting model is a valuable tool for drug development that can potentially replace both quantum calculations and classical force fields for myriad applications.</p>

scholarly journals Transfer of Plasmid DNA to Clinical Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Pathogens by Using a Unique Bacteriophage

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 2481-2488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Winstel ◽  
Petra Kühner ◽  
Bernhard Krismer ◽  
Andreas Peschel ◽  
Holger Rohde
Keyword(s):  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genetic Barriers

ABSTRACTGenetic manipulation of emerging bacterial pathogens, such as coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), is a major hurdle in clinical and basic microbiological research. Strong genetic barriers, such as restriction modification systems or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), usually interfere with available techniques for DNA transformation and therefore complicate manipulation of CoNS or render it impossible. Thus, current knowledge of pathogenicity and virulence determinants of CoNS is very limited. Here, a rapid, efficient, and highly reliable technique is presented to transfer plasmid DNA essential for genetic engineering to important CoNS pathogens from a uniqueStaphylococcus aureusstrain via a specificS. aureusbacteriophage, Φ187. Even strains refractory to electroporation can be transduced by this technique once donor and recipient strains share similar Φ187 receptor properties. As a proof of principle, this technique was used to delete the alternative transcription factor sigma B (SigB) via allelic replacement in nasal and clinicalStaphylococcus epidermidisisolates at high efficiencies. The described approach will allow the genetic manipulation of a wide range of CoNS pathogens and might inspire research activities to manipulate other important pathogens in a similar fashion.

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