Investigation of ABS-rice straw composite feedstock filament for FDM

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ali Osman ◽  
Mostafa R.A. Atia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Raster Angle

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the development of a cost-effective acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)-rice straw (RS) composite filament for use in fused deposition modelling (FDM) and the effect of RS content on the mechanical properties of the developed filament.Design/methodology/approachRS and ABS were processed and mixed at varying fibre content (5-15 per cent). Filament using each mixture was produced using a single screw extruder. Tensile, flexural and water absorption specimens were prepared using a FDM machine. The mechanical properties were then tested following ASTM standards. Scanning electron microscope images of the specimens were also taken.FindingsTensile properties decreased as the RS content increased. However, specimens with a 0° raster angle showed better tensile properties than the 45° raster angle specimens, indicating that tensile properties of FDM parts are anisotropic. Flexural properties decreased as fibre content increased but increased at 15 per cent fibre content. Water absorption of the composite increased as the fibre content increased.Originality/valueThis paper highlights a new method of disposing of rice straw waste, by producing an ABS-RS filament for FDM. The resultant filament is cost-effective and can be used to produce cheap prototypes. This paper is the first that studies ABS-RS composites in FDM.

Mechanical properties and water absorption of surface modified ABS 3D printed by fused deposition modelling

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Leite ◽  
André Varanda ◽  
António Relógio Ribeiro ◽  
Arlindo Silva ◽  
Maria Fátima Vaz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Open Porosity ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Tension Properties ◽  
3D Printed

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of a sealing protective treatment on the water absorption and mechanical properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)-printed parts by fused deposition modelling. Protective products include aqueous acetone solutions with different concentrations, polyurethane wood sealer and aqueous acrylic-based varnish. Design/methodology/approach Open porosity was estimated by the absorption coefficient and the total amount of water retained, obtained from water absorption tests. Mechanical characterization was performed by compressive and tensile tests. Different specimens with different build directions and raster angles were used. Findings The treatments with acetone solutions were not effective in reducing the porosity of ABS parts, as the amount of acetone that reduces effectively the porosity will also affect the sample dimensional stability. The polyurethane treatment was found to reduce the absorption coefficient, but the maximum water content and the open porosity remain almost unchanged in comparison with the ones obtained for untreated specimens. The treatment with an acrylic-based varnish was found to preserve the dimensional stability of the specimens, to reduce the open porosity and to maintain the compression and tension properties of the specimens in different build directions and raster angles. Originality/value Surface modification for water tight applications of ABS 3D printing parts enables new designs where both sealing and the preservation of mechanical properties are important. As per the knowledge of the authors, the water absorption and the mechanical behaviour of ABS 3D printed parts, before and after treatment, were not previously investigated.

Experimental investigation of FDM process for improvement of mechanical properties and production cost

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Durgun ◽  
Rukiye Ertan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Raster Angle ◽  
Part Orientation ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose – The mechanical properties and surface finish of functional parts are important consideration in rapid prototyping, and the selection of proper parameters is essential to improve manufacturing solutions. The purpose of this paper is to describe how parts manufactured by fused deposition modelling (FDM), with different part orientations and raster angles, were examined experimentally and evaluated to achieve the desired properties of the parts while shortening the manufacturing times due to maintenance costs. Design/methodology/approach – For this purpose, five different raster angles (0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°) for three part orientations (horizontal, vertical and perpendicular) have been manufactured by the FDM method and tested for surface roughness, tensile strength and flexural strength. Also, behaviour of the mechanical properties was clarified with scanning electron microscopy images of fracture surfaces. Findings – The research results suggest that the orientation has a more significant influence than the raster angle on the surface roughness and mechanical behaviour of the resulting fused deposition part. The results indicate that there is close relationship between the surface roughness and the mechanical properties. Originality/value – The results of this paper are useful in defining the most appropriate raster angle and part orientation in minimum production cost for FDM components on the basis of their expected in-service loading.

Effect of process parameters on tensile strength of FDM printed PLA part

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1317-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpesh R. Rajpurohit ◽  
Harshit K. Dave
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Type I ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Layer Height ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Anisotropic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raster Angle

PurposeThe purpose of this paper to study the tensile strength of the fused deposition modelling (FDM) printed PLA part. In recent times, FDM has been evolving from rapid prototyping to rapid manufacturing where parts fabricated by FDM process can be directly used for application. However, application of FDM fabricated part is significantly affected by poor and anisotropic mechanical properties. Mechanical properties of FDM part can be improved by proper selection of process parameters.Design/methodology/approachIn the present study, three process parameter, namely, raster angle, layer height and raster width, have been selected to study their effect on tensile properties. Parts are fabricated as per ASTM D638 Type I standard.FindingsIt has been observed that the highest tensile strength obtained at 0° raster angle. Lower value of layer height is observed to be good for higher tensile strength because of higher bonding area between the layers. At higher value of raster width, tensile strength is improved up to certain extent after which presence of void reduces the tensile strength.Originality/valueIn the present investigation, layer height and raster width have been also varied along with raster angle to study their effect on the tensile strength of FDM printed PLA part.

Tensile Properties of Processed FDM Polycarbonate Material

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 2556-2559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed H. Masood ◽  
Kalpeshkumar Mau ◽  
W.Q. Song
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Raster Angle

Knowledge of the mechanical properties of parts processed by Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) rapid prototyping process is essential for engineering applications of such parts as the mechanical strength of parts depends heavily on the FDM process parameters selected during part fabrication. Little knowledge is available for the Polycarbonate (PC) material used in the FDM systems. This paper presents results of the experimental work on the effect of the FDM process parameters such as air gap, raster width, and raster angle on the tensile properties of PC. Results show that FDM made parts have tensile strength in the range of 70 to 75 % of the moulded and extruded PC parts. The results will be valuable for different functional applications of FDM produced parts and assemblies.

scholarly journals Current State and Challenges of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites as Feeder in FDM-Based 3D Printing

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2289
Author(s):  
Nishata Royan Rajendran Royan ◽  
Jie Sheng Leong ◽  
Wai Nam Chan ◽  
Jie Ren Tan ◽  
Zainon Sharmila Binti Shamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Raster Angle ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer

As one of the fastest-growing additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, fused deposition modelling (FDM) shows great potential in printing natural fibre-reinforced composites (NFRC). However, several challenges, such as low mechanical properties and difficulty in printing, need to be overcome. Therefore, the effort to improve the NFRC for use in AM has been accelerating in recent years. This review attempts to summarise the current approaches of using NFRC as a feeder for AM. The effects of fibre treatments, composite preparation methods and addition of compatibilizer agents were analysed and discussed. Additionally, current methods of producing feeders from NFRCs were reviewed and discussed. Mechanical property of printed part was also dependent on the printing parameters, and thus the effects of printing temperature, layer height, infill and raster angle were discussed, and the best parameters reported by other researchers were identified. Following that, an overview of the mechanical properties of these composites as reported by various researchers was provided. Next, the use of optimisation techniques for NFRCs was discussed and analysed. Lastly, the review provided a critical discussion on the overall topic, identified all research gaps present in the use of NFRC for AM processes, and to overcome future challenges.

Mechanical properties and water absorption behaviour of PLA and PLA/wood composites prepared by 3D printing and injection moulding

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Valentin Ecker ◽  
Andreas Haider ◽  
Ivana Burzic ◽  
Axel Huber ◽  
Gerhard Eder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Injection Moulding ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Wood Composites ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
3D Printed

Purpose This papers aims to study the influence of water absorption on the mechanical properties of poly lactic acid (PLA) and PLA/Wood composites. Virgin PLA and PLA/Wood double-bone-shaped specimens were prepared by two methods: injection moulding and 3D printing. The results were compared to each other and showed the influence of the production method on the properties of the produced parts. Design/methodology/approach Morphology studies were done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) from fracture surfaces of tensile and notched impact specimens of all samples. Tensile properties were analysed by the production and testing of dog-bone-shaped samples. Heat deflection temperature (HDT) was tested, as also was the crystallinity of the tested samples by differential scanning calorimetry. Findings The values for notched impact strength were higher upon water uptake in the case of injection-moulded specimens, which was not the case with 3D-printed specimens. Tensile properties of the specimens produced by both methods were reduced after water absorption tests. Values of the HDT were also lower after water absorption tests studied for both processing methods. Originality/value Morphology studies were done by SEM from fracture surfaces of tensile as well as notched impact specimens of injection-moulded and 3D-printed samples. The effect of water storage on various samples was tested. The two different production technologies were compared to each other owing to their influence of water storage. This study also dealt with NFC compounds and produced NFC composites and the influence of water storage on these samples.

Parametric study on tensile and flexural properties of ULTEM 1010 specimens fabricated via FDM

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-451
Author(s):  
Chrysoula Pandelidi ◽  
Tobias Maconachie ◽  
Stuart Bateman ◽  
Ingomar Kelbassa ◽  
Sebastian Piegert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Controlled Cooling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition

Purpose Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is increasingly being explored as a commercial fabrication method due to its ability to produce net or near-net shape parts directly from a computer-aided design model. Other benefits of technology compared to conventional manufacturing include lower cost for short runs, reduced product lead times and rapid product design. High-performance polymers such as polyetherimide, have the potential for FDM fabrication and their high-temperature capabilities provide the potential of expanding the applications of FDM parts in automotive and aerospace industries. However, their relatively high glass transition temperature (215 °C) causes challenges during manufacturing due to the requirement of high-temperature build chambers and controlled cooling rates. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties of ULTEM 1010, an unfilled polyetherimide grade. Design/methodology/approach In this research, mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile and flexural tests. Analysis of variance was used to determine the significance of process parameters to the mechanical properties of the specimens, their main effects and interactions. The fractured surfaces were analysed by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy and porosity was assessed by X-ray microcomputed tomography. Findings A range of mean tensile and flexural strengths, 60–94 MPa and 62–151 MPa, respectively, were obtained highlighting the dependence of performance on process parameters and their interactions. The specimens were found to fracture in a brittle manner. The porosity of tensile samples was measured between 0.18% and 1.09% and that of flexural samples between 0.14% and 1.24% depending on the process parameters. The percentage porosity was found to not directly correlate with mechanical performance, rather the location of those pores in the sample. Originality/value This analysis quantifies the significance of the effect of each of the examined process parameters has on the mechanical performance of FDM-fabricated specimens. Further, it provides a better understanding of the effect process parameters and their interactions have on the mechanical properties and porosity of FDM-fabricated polyetherimide specimens. Additionally, the fracture surface of the tested specimens is qualitatively assessed.

Investigating the Mechanical Behavior of 3D Printed PLA-Coco Coir Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 1046 ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Paul Eric C. Maglalang ◽  
Blessie A. Basilia ◽  
Araceli Magsino Monsada
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Fiber Concentration ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Raster Angle ◽  
Composite Filament

It is quite amazing that the use of 3D printing techniques, especially the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) has delivered such significance in terms of cost reduction, time saver features where a different variety of thermoplastic and composite materials (Biodegradable and Non-biodegradable) are well developed. Different sectors have continually developed natural organic materials that are also both structurally composite in nature. Similarly, the use of different fibers that are abundantly accessible and considered as renewable resources which can be optionally combined with other biodegradable materials is a great challenge through the use of the FDM printing method. The study aims to determine the effect of different particle size and raster angle at a certain fiber concentration which could affect the mechanical properties of the composite by developing a printable composite filament made of Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Coco Coir materials using a filament maker and FDM printer. The composite filament was fabricated and optimized using a twin-screw extruder and 3D Devo Filament maker. 3D printing of samples for mechanical testing was conducted using three (3) raster angles (45o, 60o, and 75o) and various particle sizes of coco coir fiber reinforcement in the PLA matrix. Results showed that the < 74μm particle size of the coco-coir exhibited a 24% and 175% increase in tensile strength and izod impact strength compared to the pure PLA at 60o and 75o raster angles, respectively. Likewise, the reinforcement of <149μm particle size coco coir at 45o raster angle contributes to an increase of 4.8% flexural and 176% compressive strength compared to pure PLA. The study concludes that there is an improvement in the mechanical properties of the PLA-Coco Coir composite at a certain particle size and raster angle in 3D printing.

Influence of ABS print parameters on a 3D open-source, self-replicable printer

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1733-1738
Author(s):  
André Luiz Alves Guimarães ◽  
Vicente Gerlin Neto ◽  
Cesar Renato Foschini ◽  
Maximiliano dos Anjos Azambuja ◽  
Luiz Antonio Vasques Hellmeister
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Printing Parameters

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate and discuss the influence of printing parameters on the mechanical properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) print by fused deposition modelling (FDM). The mechanical properties of ABS are highly influenced by printing parameters, and they determine the final product quality of printed pieces. Design/methodology/approach For the paper’s purpose, five main parameters (extrusion temperature, infill pattern, air gap, printing speed and layer thickness) were selected and varied during ABS printing on an open-source and self-replicable FDM printer. Three different colors of commercially available ABS were also used to investigate color and printing parameter’s influence on the tensile strength. Findings The research results suggest that two parameters (infill pattern and layer thickness) were most influential on the mechanical properties of print ABS, being able to enhance its tensile strength. Another key influential factor was material color selected prior to printing, which influenced the tensile strength of the print specimen. Originality/value This study provides information on print parameters’ influence on the tensile strength of ABS print on replicable open-source three-dimensional (3D) printers. It also suggests the influence of materials’ color on print pieces’ tensile strength, indicating a new parameter for materials selection for 3D printing.

FDM 3D printing method utility assessment in small RC aircraft design

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Skawiński ◽  
Tomasz Goetzendorf-Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
3D Printed

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possibility of manufacturing fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printed structures such as wings or fuselages for small remote control (RC) air craft and mini unmaned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Design/methodology/approach Material tests, design assumptions and calculations were verified by designing and manufacturing a small radio-controlled motor-glider using as many printed parts as possible and performing test flights. Findings It is possible to create an aircraft with good flight characteristics using FDM 3D printed parts. Current level of technology allows for reasonably fast manufacturing of 3D printed aircraft with good reliability and high success ratio of prints; however, only some of the materials are suitable for printing thin wall structures such as wings. Practical implications The paper proves that apart from currently popular small RC aircraft structural materials such as composites, wood and foam, there is also printed plastic. Moreover, 3D printing is highly competitive in some aspects such as first unit production time or production cost. Originality/value The presented manufacturing technique can be useful for quick and cost-effective creating scale prototypes of the aircraft for performing test flights.

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