Tensile Properties of Processed FDM Polycarbonate Material

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 2556-2559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed H. Masood ◽  
Kalpeshkumar Mau ◽  
W.Q. Song
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Raster Angle

Knowledge of the mechanical properties of parts processed by Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) rapid prototyping process is essential for engineering applications of such parts as the mechanical strength of parts depends heavily on the FDM process parameters selected during part fabrication. Little knowledge is available for the Polycarbonate (PC) material used in the FDM systems. This paper presents results of the experimental work on the effect of the FDM process parameters such as air gap, raster width, and raster angle on the tensile properties of PC. Results show that FDM made parts have tensile strength in the range of 70 to 75 % of the moulded and extruded PC parts. The results will be valuable for different functional applications of FDM produced parts and assemblies.

Effect of process parameters on tensile strength of FDM printed PLA part

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1317-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpesh R. Rajpurohit ◽  
Harshit K. Dave
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Type I ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Layer Height ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Anisotropic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raster Angle

PurposeThe purpose of this paper to study the tensile strength of the fused deposition modelling (FDM) printed PLA part. In recent times, FDM has been evolving from rapid prototyping to rapid manufacturing where parts fabricated by FDM process can be directly used for application. However, application of FDM fabricated part is significantly affected by poor and anisotropic mechanical properties. Mechanical properties of FDM part can be improved by proper selection of process parameters.Design/methodology/approachIn the present study, three process parameter, namely, raster angle, layer height and raster width, have been selected to study their effect on tensile properties. Parts are fabricated as per ASTM D638 Type I standard.FindingsIt has been observed that the highest tensile strength obtained at 0° raster angle. Lower value of layer height is observed to be good for higher tensile strength because of higher bonding area between the layers. At higher value of raster width, tensile strength is improved up to certain extent after which presence of void reduces the tensile strength.Originality/valueIn the present investigation, layer height and raster width have been also varied along with raster angle to study their effect on the tensile strength of FDM printed PLA part.

Investigation of ABS-rice straw composite feedstock filament for FDM

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ali Osman ◽  
Mostafa R.A. Atia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Raster Angle

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the development of a cost-effective acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)-rice straw (RS) composite filament for use in fused deposition modelling (FDM) and the effect of RS content on the mechanical properties of the developed filament.Design/methodology/approachRS and ABS were processed and mixed at varying fibre content (5-15 per cent). Filament using each mixture was produced using a single screw extruder. Tensile, flexural and water absorption specimens were prepared using a FDM machine. The mechanical properties were then tested following ASTM standards. Scanning electron microscope images of the specimens were also taken.FindingsTensile properties decreased as the RS content increased. However, specimens with a 0° raster angle showed better tensile properties than the 45° raster angle specimens, indicating that tensile properties of FDM parts are anisotropic. Flexural properties decreased as fibre content increased but increased at 15 per cent fibre content. Water absorption of the composite increased as the fibre content increased.Originality/valueThis paper highlights a new method of disposing of rice straw waste, by producing an ABS-RS filament for FDM. The resultant filament is cost-effective and can be used to produce cheap prototypes. This paper is the first that studies ABS-RS composites in FDM.

scholarly journals Current State and Challenges of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites as Feeder in FDM-Based 3D Printing

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2289
Author(s):  
Nishata Royan Rajendran Royan ◽  
Jie Sheng Leong ◽  
Wai Nam Chan ◽  
Jie Ren Tan ◽  
Zainon Sharmila Binti Shamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Raster Angle ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer

As one of the fastest-growing additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, fused deposition modelling (FDM) shows great potential in printing natural fibre-reinforced composites (NFRC). However, several challenges, such as low mechanical properties and difficulty in printing, need to be overcome. Therefore, the effort to improve the NFRC for use in AM has been accelerating in recent years. This review attempts to summarise the current approaches of using NFRC as a feeder for AM. The effects of fibre treatments, composite preparation methods and addition of compatibilizer agents were analysed and discussed. Additionally, current methods of producing feeders from NFRCs were reviewed and discussed. Mechanical property of printed part was also dependent on the printing parameters, and thus the effects of printing temperature, layer height, infill and raster angle were discussed, and the best parameters reported by other researchers were identified. Following that, an overview of the mechanical properties of these composites as reported by various researchers was provided. Next, the use of optimisation techniques for NFRCs was discussed and analysed. Lastly, the review provided a critical discussion on the overall topic, identified all research gaps present in the use of NFRC for AM processes, and to overcome future challenges.

scholarly journals Tensile and Bending Strength Improvements in PEEK Parts Using Fused Deposition Modelling 3D Printing Considering Multi-Factor Coupling

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Li ◽  
Yan Lou
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Molded Parts ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Printing Direction

Compared with laser-based 3D printing, fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing technology is simple and safe to operate and has a low cost and high material utilization rate; thus, it is widely used. In order to promote the application of FDM 3D printing, poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) was used as a printing material to explore the effect of multi-factor coupling such as different printing temperatures, printing directions, printing paths, and layer thicknesses on the tensile strength, bending strength, crystallinity, and grain size of FDM printed PEEK parts. The aim was to improve the mechanical properties of the 3D printed PEEK parts and achieve the same performance as the injection molded counterparts. The results show that when the thickness of the printed layer is 0.1 mm and the printing path is 180° horizontally at 525 °C, the tensile strength of the sample reaches 87.34 MPa, and the elongation reaches 38%, which basically exceeds the tensile properties of PEEK printed parts reported in previous studies and is consistent with the tensile properties of PEEK injection molded parts. When the thickness of the printed layer is 0.3 mm, the printing path is 45°, and with vertical printing direction at a printing temperature of 525 °C, the bending strength of the sample reaches 159.2 MPa, which exceeds the bending performance of injection molded parts by 20%. It was also found that the greater the tensile strength of the printed specimen, the more uniform the size of each grain, and the higher the crystallinity of the material. The highest crystallinity exceeded 30%, which reached the crystallinity of injection molded parts.

Anisotropy Evaluation of Different Raster Directions, Spatial Orientations, and Fill Percentage of 3D Printed PETG Tensile Test Specimens

2019 ◽  
Vol 821 ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muammel M. Hanon ◽  
Róbert Marczis ◽  
László Zsidai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Know How ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Fill Percentage

In this paper, the mechanical properties of Polyethylene terephthalate-glycol (PETG) tensile test specimens have been investigated. The test pieces were prepared using fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing technology. Three print settings were examined which are: raster direction angles, print orientations, and infill percentage and patterns in order to evaluate the anisotropy of objects when employing FDM print method. The variations in stress-strain curves, tensile strength values and elongation at break among the tested samples were studied and compared. Illustration for the broken specimens after the tensile test was accomplished to know how the test pieces printed with various parameters were fractured. A comparison with some previous results regarding the elongation at break has been carried out.

Parametric study on tensile and flexural properties of ULTEM 1010 specimens fabricated via FDM

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-451
Author(s):  
Chrysoula Pandelidi ◽  
Tobias Maconachie ◽  
Stuart Bateman ◽  
Ingomar Kelbassa ◽  
Sebastian Piegert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Controlled Cooling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition

Purpose Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is increasingly being explored as a commercial fabrication method due to its ability to produce net or near-net shape parts directly from a computer-aided design model. Other benefits of technology compared to conventional manufacturing include lower cost for short runs, reduced product lead times and rapid product design. High-performance polymers such as polyetherimide, have the potential for FDM fabrication and their high-temperature capabilities provide the potential of expanding the applications of FDM parts in automotive and aerospace industries. However, their relatively high glass transition temperature (215 °C) causes challenges during manufacturing due to the requirement of high-temperature build chambers and controlled cooling rates. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties of ULTEM 1010, an unfilled polyetherimide grade. Design/methodology/approach In this research, mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile and flexural tests. Analysis of variance was used to determine the significance of process parameters to the mechanical properties of the specimens, their main effects and interactions. The fractured surfaces were analysed by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy and porosity was assessed by X-ray microcomputed tomography. Findings A range of mean tensile and flexural strengths, 60–94 MPa and 62–151 MPa, respectively, were obtained highlighting the dependence of performance on process parameters and their interactions. The specimens were found to fracture in a brittle manner. The porosity of tensile samples was measured between 0.18% and 1.09% and that of flexural samples between 0.14% and 1.24% depending on the process parameters. The percentage porosity was found to not directly correlate with mechanical performance, rather the location of those pores in the sample. Originality/value This analysis quantifies the significance of the effect of each of the examined process parameters has on the mechanical performance of FDM-fabricated specimens. Further, it provides a better understanding of the effect process parameters and their interactions have on the mechanical properties and porosity of FDM-fabricated polyetherimide specimens. Additionally, the fracture surface of the tested specimens is qualitatively assessed.

Investigating the Mechanical Behavior of 3D Printed PLA-Coco Coir Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 1046 ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Paul Eric C. Maglalang ◽  
Blessie A. Basilia ◽  
Araceli Magsino Monsada
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Fiber Concentration ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Raster Angle ◽  
Composite Filament

It is quite amazing that the use of 3D printing techniques, especially the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) has delivered such significance in terms of cost reduction, time saver features where a different variety of thermoplastic and composite materials (Biodegradable and Non-biodegradable) are well developed. Different sectors have continually developed natural organic materials that are also both structurally composite in nature. Similarly, the use of different fibers that are abundantly accessible and considered as renewable resources which can be optionally combined with other biodegradable materials is a great challenge through the use of the FDM printing method. The study aims to determine the effect of different particle size and raster angle at a certain fiber concentration which could affect the mechanical properties of the composite by developing a printable composite filament made of Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Coco Coir materials using a filament maker and FDM printer. The composite filament was fabricated and optimized using a twin-screw extruder and 3D Devo Filament maker. 3D printing of samples for mechanical testing was conducted using three (3) raster angles (45o, 60o, and 75o) and various particle sizes of coco coir fiber reinforcement in the PLA matrix. Results showed that the < 74μm particle size of the coco-coir exhibited a 24% and 175% increase in tensile strength and izod impact strength compared to the pure PLA at 60o and 75o raster angles, respectively. Likewise, the reinforcement of <149μm particle size coco coir at 45o raster angle contributes to an increase of 4.8% flexural and 176% compressive strength compared to pure PLA. The study concludes that there is an improvement in the mechanical properties of the PLA-Coco Coir composite at a certain particle size and raster angle in 3D printing.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study: Investigation of Polymer Nano-Composites (PNC) Material for Biomedical Application via Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) Routes

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 267-271
Author(s):  
M. Hashim Rahman ◽  
Mohd Sallehuddin Yusof ◽  
Mohd Halim Irwan Ibrahim ◽  
S.A. Osman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Laser Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition

Polymer nanocomposites (PNC) have emerged as new materials which can show significantly enhanced mechanical properties over other polymer based materials through the addition of relatively small amounts of nanoscale additives. Rapid prototyping is impacting biomedical in several important ways. This research aims to investigate the potential of using new polymer nanocomposites (PNC) as a raw material for fused deposition modelling machine (FDM). Here, PNCs materials containing a polyamide (PA) and nanoparticles (<5wt%) will be synthesis by mechanical blending using twin extruder compounder to produce 0.85mm diameter of PNC. Dispersion analysis of the nanoparticles in the polymer matrix will be analyzed during the preparation and synthesis process. Futhermore, molecular binding and mixture structure will be investigated by using XPS analysis & Laser Raman Spectroscopy. Material will be characterized for their thermal properties using DSC and processed using FDM, the commercial rapid prototyping (RP) machine. The RP processing parameters will be established and used to produce test specimens to evaluate the mechanical properties of the PNC.

scholarly journals Additive Manufactured Sandwich Composite/ABS Parts for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Applications

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Galatas ◽  
Hany Hassanin ◽  
Yahya Zweiri ◽  
Lakmal Seneviratne
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Sandwich Composite ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Core Density ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Poor

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of most popular 3D printing techniques of thermoplastic polymers. Nonetheless, the poor mechanical strength of FDM parts restricts the use of this technology in functional parts of many applications such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) where lightweight, high strength, and stiffness are required. In the present paper, the fabrication process of low-density acrylonitrile butadiene styrenecarbon (ABS) with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) sandwich layers for UAV structure is proposed to improve the poor mechanical strength and elastic modulus of printed ABS. The composite sandwich structures retains FDM advantages for rapid making of complex geometries, while only requires simple post-processing steps to improve the mechanical properties. Artificial neural network (ANN) was used to investigate the influence of the core density and number of CFRP layers on the mechanical properties. The results showed an improvement of specific strength and elastic modulus with increasing the number of CFRP. The specific strength of the samples improved from 20 to 145 KN·m/kg while the Young’s modulus increased from 0.63 to 10.1 GPa when laminating the samples with CFRP layers. On the other hand, the core density had no significant effect on both specific strength and elastic modulus. A case study was undertaken by applying the CFRP/ABS/CFRP sandwich structure using the proposed method to manufacture improved dual-tilting clamps of a quadcopter UAV.

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