A review of angel investing research: analysis of data and returns in the US and abroad

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. McDonald ◽  
Ramon P. DeGennaro
Keyword(s):  
Investment Project ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
Angel Investing ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Research Analysis ◽  
Angel Investors

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the literature on angel investors. Research on angel investors is sparse because data are sparse. Most comprehensive studies of angel investors have focused on the USA and UK. In these studies, definitions of angel investors and estimates of returns on angel investments vary dramatically. What can one make of this wide range of reported returns? Design/methodology/approach The authors examine the literature and find that the calculations of reported results are vague. Findings Most researchers do not explicitly report if their estimates are equal-weighted or value-weighted, nor do they say whether the results are weighted by the duration of the investment. The authors show that the unit of analysis – investment, project or angel – affects interpretations. Practical implications Limitations on the comparability between various studies of angel investing returns leave the current literature incomplete. They also offer opportunities for future study in the area. Originality/value The authors are the first to examine the angel investing literature in a comprehensive fashion, comparing between various returns found across all major studies of the subject done to date.

Interaction, engagement, and perceived interactivity in single-handed interaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1134-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghee Shin ◽  
Myunggoon Choi ◽  
Jang Hyun Kim ◽  
Jae-gil Lee
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Interaction Techniques ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Thumb Movement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mobile Industry ◽  
Perceived Interactivity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of interaction techniques (e.g. swiping and tapping) and the range of thumb movement on interactivity, engagement, attitude, and behavioral intention in single-handed interaction with smartphones. Design/methodology/approach A 2×2 between-participant experiment (technological features: swiping and tapping×range of thumb movement: wide and narrow) was conducted to study the effects of interaction techniques and thumb movement ranges. Findings The results showed that the range of thumb movement had significant effects on perceived interactivity, engagement, attitude, and behavioral intention, whereas no effects were observed for interaction techniques. A narrow range of thumb movement had more influence on the interactivity outcomes in comparison to a wide range of thumb movement. Practical implications While the subject of actual and perceived interactivity has been discussed, the issue has not been applied to smartphone. Based on the research results, the mobile industry may come up with a design strategy that balances feature- and perception-based interactivity. Originality/value This study adopted the perspective of the hybrid definition of interactivity, which includes both actual and perceived interactivity. Interactivity effect outcomes mediated by perceived interactivity.

Popular reporting: learning from the US experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Manes-Rossi ◽  
Natalia Aversano ◽  
Paolo Tartaglia Polcini
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Legitimacy Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The City ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore a citizen-centered tool for public accountability, the popular report (PR). Elaborating on previous studies and on content analysis of a sample of municipalities in the USA, this paper aims to identify the qualitative characteristics and content elements that PR should have to serve as a legitimation tool. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts a mixed methodology. After the analysis of previous studies on PR and best practices in US municipalities, a list of content elements and qualitative characteristics of PR is compared with results emerging from the content analysis of PR published by of a sample of municipalities in the USA. Findings The analysis reveals that the PR should embed information about the government’s sources of revenues and taxes, expenditures, cost of government services, liveability and governance of the city. Research limitations/implications The paper offers new knowledge on reporting centered on citizens, framing the analysis in the legitimacy theory. Even though the research relates only to the US context, the results may assist standard setters in preparing guidelines for local governments to communicate financial data to citizens and stimulate further research in other contexts. Practical implications The results may encourage local governments to prepare a PR suitable to discharge accountability and gain legitimation. Originality/value This study is the first to discuss the PR within a theoretical framework, in this case, legitimacy theory. Moreover, a further novelty lays in the analysis carried out on the PRs published by US municipalities in order to derive qualitative characteristics and content elements with which the PR should comply.

“Oh, stop! You flatter me”: ingratiation in retail settings

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 895-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainsworth Anthony Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Critical Incident ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumer Responses ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Incident Reports ◽  
Influence Tactic ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – Even though there has been anecdotal evidence regarding the use of ingratiation techniques in retail salesperson-shopper interactions, surprisingly, there has been limited research on the nature of these ingratiatory techniques and their impact on consumers’ perceptions and attitudes. The research reported here was conducted to determine the extent to which different ingratiation techniques that have been identified as techniques used in non-retailing domains are also used by retail salespersons in salesperson-shopper interactions. In addition, it sought to assess whether there are additional ingratiation techniques used by retail salespersons in salesperson-shopper interactions that have not been identified in existing ingratiation literature. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Two studies, drawing on research on ingratiation in other domains, were conducted in pursuit of realising the purpose. Study 1 was a survey involving a sample of 282 participants, which yielded 267 useable critical incident reports and 283 discrete examples of ingratiatory behaviours. Participants responded to various questions including a critical incident question. Cross-tabulations were, for the main part, used in assessing responses. A second survey involving 158 participants was undertaken as a verification study. This Study 2 yielded 144 useable responses. Findings – Based on a critical incident technique (CIT), other enhancement: compliment and praise was the ingratiation technique most frequently cited by participants in the first sample, with product-customer enhancement being second and favour-rendering third. The Study 2 confirmed other enhancement: compliment and praise and product-customer enhancement as the top two techniques. Four new categories of ingratiatory behaviours emerged in retail salesperson-shopper interactions, and many of the ingratiatory behaviours previously identified in non-retailing contexts also exist in this retailing context. Research limitations/implications – Both samples are US samples, and the method used was the CIT. Though the US samples are appropriate for this study, the study could be extended to other groups and across cultures, to see whether cultural differences in the use of, and consumer responses to, ingratiation techniques exist. The study also did not look at the retail salespeople’s perspectives regarding the use of these techniques. Hence further research should address dyadic interpretations of a single ingratiatory encounter; and efforts should also be made to assess how consumers respond to ingratiation in retailing. Practical implications – The studies result in a classification of the influence techniques used most often in retail settings in the USA. Retailers should be aware that customers may, therefore, expect certain kinds of influence tactics and may not respond in the same way when there is a departure from a “customary” influence tactic. Originality/value – Not much research has explored the different kinds of ingratiation techniques used in retail contexts; nor has the stream of research sought to categorise them.

US foreign trade zones and import intensity examining determinants of import intensity in US foreign trade zones

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belay Seyoum
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Free Trade Zones ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Import Intensity ◽  
Do So

Purpose The paper aims to investigate the effects of several determinants of firm import intensity in US foreign trade zones (FTZs). Even though the major objective for the establishment of US FTZs is to encourage exports by facilitating the duty-free entry of imports, US firms have used it as a gateway to import goods into the US market. Currently, over 90 per cent of US FTZ output is consumed in the USA. The author examines the major determinants for such import intensity in US FTZs. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on a survey that was conducted to explore the factors that influence import intensity of firms operating in US FTZs. Findings The findings reveal that besides export orientation of firms, the most promising predictors of import intensity of firms operating in USA FTZs are the policy environment in the form of inverted tariff benefits and firm business strategy. Practical implications The findings are important for managers presently operating in US FTZs or intend to do so in future. Originality/value Even though there are numerous studies on free trade zones and exports, this is the first study to examine the import intensity of US FTZs and their determinants.

scholarly journals Does the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) impact EU-15 imports from Africa?

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1155-1180
Author(s):  
Aruneema Mahabir ◽  
Jingwen Fan ◽  
Robert Mullings
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Special Rule ◽  
Displacement Effects ◽  
The Eu

PurposeAt the heart of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) are substantial trade preferences, which coupled with the Generalised System of Preferences (GSP) grant a wide range of goods produced in qualified African countries duty-free access to the USA. To be AGOA-eligible, countries are assessed annually on their progress in undertaking appropriate economic, institutional and human rights reforms. This paper seeks to cover new grounds by exploring whether exports of apparel to US crowds out EU-15's imports from Africa.Design/methodology/approachThis paper employs the gravity model to gauge trade displacement effects from the EU to the US due to AGOA, and whether the more relaxed special waiver embodied in AGOA's apparel provision causes non-knitted exports to EU-15 to be crowded out. The basic gravity model, which posits that trade between two countries is positively influenced by the economic size and negatively affected by the distance between them, is augmented with other trade inhibiting and trade facilitating variables.FindingsThe gravity model provides no evidence of trade displacement but, instead, provides support for the hypothesis of complementarity of African exports to the two key markets. A strong positive impact of the bilateral trade between the US and Africa on the EU–African trade is evident mainly before the phasing out of the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC). This paper finds that Special Rule beneficiaries' exports to the two markets still complement each other, but for every percentage increase in exports to the USA, there is a less than proportionate increase in exports to EU-15 indicating a higher utilisation of the special waiver. This paper also provides evidence for complementary apparel exports to both LDCs (least developing countries) and non-LDCs, with stronger effects on non-LDCs and the non-knitted sector.Research limitations/implicationsFuture work could consider the longer lifespan of AGOA following its latest renewal in 2015. This would allow one to also capture the ongoing changes in EU trade arrangements in particular implementation of Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs). This new agreement comes with more flexible rules of origin requiring single transformation step instead of the double step. As most African nations are still in the process of adopting EPAs, new research can shed more light on complementary or displacement effects once these agreements are adopted.Originality/valueSince the main intent of AGOA is to enhance Africa's integration into the global economy by encouraging trade and investment, generate employment and increase productivity and per capita income growth, its impact on Special Rule beneficiaries' exports to the US has been extensively examined. However, the indirect effects of this trade agreement on African exports to other key markets providing similar preferences such as the EU has not been fully explored. This study also covers new grounds by examining whether there has been any apparel trade displacement from the EU to the US, as a result of the Act, over 2001–2016 period right from AGOA's inception.

A review of policy, practices, and players governing and involved in the United States vaccine and immunization enterprise

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-151
Author(s):  
Angela K. Shen ◽  
Alice Y. Tsai ◽  
Guthrie S. Birkhead
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
State And Local

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to outline the organization and governance of the US vaccine and immunization enterprise. It describes the major components of the US system including the various relationships between major federal government entities, stakeholders, and advisory committees that inform government policymaking at various points in the system. Design/methodology/approach The authors describe the complex interdependent network of partners that engage in a wide range of activities such as disease surveillance, research, vaccine development, regulatory licensure, practice recommendations, financing, service delivery, communications, and post-licensure monitoring. Findings The US system of governance is highly participatory and focuses on a transparent and open engagement, with input from a wide range of partners to inform decision-making. This collaborative framework allows many inputs to be heard and helps support the US vaccine and immunization system as it evolves to meet the continued public health needs in the USA through the optimal use of safe and effective vaccines. Originality/value This is an invited article on the US vaccine and immunization enterprise. The development and availability of vaccines in the USA has had profound impact on mortality and morbidity and public health (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). The success of this enterprise is a result of a blended public and private sector system with partnerships at the federal, state, and local levels of government to optimize the use of safe and effective vaccines. Governance structures have been established to support the interaction and decision-making among the federal and non-federal actors toward the common goal of controlling and preventing infectious diseases.

The role of societal privilege in the definitions and practices of inclusion

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Geiger ◽  
Cheryl Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Multiple Identities ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Third Culture ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Power Differentials ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on the work of those with societal privilege in the practice of inclusion. It outlines the experience of privilege, obstacles raised by the study of women in cross-race relationships, and offers guidance for those with privilege in how to use it in relationships and organizational inclusion efforts. Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes lessons from varied literatures about privilege, social justice, and organizational inclusion/diversity and applies them to the work of inclusion for those privileged by race in the USA. Findings – The paper offers guidance to those with race privilege in the USA. It suggests ways to problematize privilege, how to become a social justice ally, reframe what white means, develop awareness about race dynamics, use empathy cautiously, create a “third culture,” balance multiple identities, and acknowledge numerous power differentials. Research limitations/implications – Given the specific contexts and social identities chosen here, the conclusions may not generalize. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to extend the experience, obstacles and guidance for those with other kinds of privilege in other contexts. Practical implications – Because of global demographics, organizations have incorporated a wide range of workforce diversity and now need to maximize practices of inclusion so talent can be fully utilized. This paper provides specific practices that can cause those with privilege to create a truly inclusive environment. Originality/value – There is very little exploration about the role of those with societal privilege in the definitions and practices of inclusion. This paper's contribution is to outline the work to be done by those privileged.

scholarly journals A comparative study between the UK and the USA house price indicators before and during the financial crisis of 2007-2009

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-472
Author(s):  
Abdelhafid Benamraoui
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
House Price ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Fundamentals ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between key economic fundamentals and average house price (AHP) movements before and during the financial crisis of 2007 to 2009 in the UK and the USA. Design/methodology/approach Multiple regression analysis is applied in assessing the correlation between AHPs and a set of selected economic fundamentals. Findings The study results show that earnings and to less extent interest rate have the highest correlation with the AHP and among the different types of interest rate used variable interest rate has the strongest correlation with AHP. The results also reveal that most indicators behave in the same way both before and during the financial crisis, but with better explanatory power for the pre-crisis period. Another key finding is that the directions of relationship for some of the parameters have changed when the market is in crisis, especially in the case of loans extended to house purchase for the UK market and number of households for the US market. Originality/value The originality of the paper stems in using a wide range and thoroughly selected economic fundamentals to explain the movement in house prices and to observe the effect of financial crisis on the correlation between each economic factor and house price movements. The study is also unique in comparing the UK and the US housing markets for the time frame under consideration and for the economic parameters used.

Deconstructing heritage: enabling a dynamic materials practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
Tina M. McCarthy ◽  
Eleni Evdokia Glekas
Keyword(s):  
Content Type ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Sustainable Community Development ◽  
Dynamic Materials ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Industry Practice ◽  
Critical Heritage ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address a gap in current heritage practice within the USA, as defined by the US Secretary of Interior’s Standards, which offers no treatment for a building entering the end of its lifecycle. Design/methodology/approach Building on research conducted for “Deconstructing the Culture of Demolition,” Master of Design Studies thesis completed in 2018, this paper seeks to better understand how deconstruction industry practice could be changed by the inclusion of heritage values through a case study of the sustainability non-profit Emergent Structures of Savanah, Georgia. Findings The benefits of replacing demolition with deconstruction extend beyond the preservation of materials alone. Applying critical heritage theories to deconstruction practice addresses challenging issues in the discipline, such as mutability of heritage objects and equity in heritage practice. Deconstruction redefines the concept of death in the built environment, harnessing its energy to serve the heritage goals of memory, revival and sustainable community development. Practical implications The findings are based on real-world practice, linking heritage methodology to deconstruction practice. These examples will be useful to preservation professionals who deal with demolition in the course of their work, to rethink the idea of waste and value in heritage practice. Originality/value This paper explores best practices in promoting heritage value and community engagement through deconstruction. This insight will promote interdisciplinary communication around historic materials and their treatment, which remains unexplored in both deconstruction and heritage research.

Healthcare fraud under the microscope: improving its prevention

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole F. Stowell ◽  
Martina Schmidt ◽  
Nathan Wadlinger
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to make readers aware of the extensiveness of healthcare fraud in the USA and how it involves and affects the government, healthcare providers, insurance companies, patients and the public. In addition, recommendations are made that may help control this pervasive type of fraud. Design/methodology/approach A range of different journal publications, information from government health institutions and law enforcement websites, healthcare fraud cases and healthcare laws are used as a basis to provide information about how fraudsters are committing healthcare fraud and how to prevent this fraud from occurring. Findings Despite increased funding and prosecution efforts by the government, healthcare fraud continues to be a major threat to the US economy and public. While healthcare fraud will never be eradicated, specific efforts can be deployed to help rein in these complex fraud schemes. Practical implications The paper provides a useful resource of information on healthcare fraud for healthcare providers, insurance companies, patients and the public that may help combat healthcare fraud and prevent financial losses. Social implications Every dollar saved from combating fraud could be used to improve access to more or better health services and can, thereby, save lives. Originality/value This paper provides recommendations regarding healthcare fraud that could help prevent this large drain on the US economy.

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