Do we always drink the same coffee? The effect of weight and colour on takeaway coffee perception

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asli Sakarya ◽  
Ibrahim Taylan Dortyol
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sensory Marketing ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Price Perceptions ◽  
Visual Colour ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose Beverage serving affects consumers’ taste and price perceptions. Therefore, the correct selection of the presentation cues is essential when a consumer evaluates a product. This study aims to determine how haptic (weight) and visual (colour) cues of drinking vessels affect the taste and price perception of coffee. Design/methodology/approach The authors created three different experimental designs. Given that coffee is a popular drink among the younger population, the authors invited undergraduate students in the 18–24 age group into this study. The participants tasted the same coffee from cups differ in weight (heavy and normal) and colour (congruent, incongruent and neutral), after which their opinions about the taste and price were recorded. Findings According to the results, increasing the weight of the cup creates a more positive perception of the smell and density of the coffee. Moreover, coffee served in a heavy cup was perceived to be more expensive than in other cups. The authors also found that incongruent cups received a lower score in all evaluations regarding taste perception. In the final experiment, the authors used the weight and colour manipulations together. According to the participants, the most fragrant coffee was perceived from a heavy and congruent cup. Research limitations/implications Small sample is one of the limitations of this study. Future studies could be conducted with bigger and more diverse sample using different kinds of coffee beans. Practical implications It will be appropriate for coffee producers to design the cups in light of the said results. Originality/value The paucity in the existing literature of sensory marketing studies using hot drinks is remarkable, especially takeaway coffee, which is becoming more popular with an increasing number of coffee chains, and needs to be examined in detail.

Analysis of the attrition phenomenon through the lens of university dropouts in the United Arab Emirates

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-374
Author(s):  
Sanaa Ashour
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Theoretical models of attrition have failed to address the interwoven factors from the perspective of undergraduate students that influence their decision to drop out. The purpose of this paper is to unravel these complexities using a qualitative phenomenological approach to gain systematic descriptions of the experience of non-completion. Design/methodology/approach Tinto’s (2004) and Bean and Metzner’s (1985) models serve as the theoretical construct for the study’s design and analysis. In-depth interviews were conducted with 41 students who discontinued studies at universities in the United Arab Emirates, to understand the situations that led them to drop out of university and how they experienced this event in their lives. Findings Several issues were identified as contributing factors for dropping out that are consistent with those found in the international literature. Additional issues were more gender or culture specific and, to some extent, represented the differences that signal a social development that is in a transitional stage. The findings revealed that institutional factors, poor pre-college preparation, environmental factors (work-education conflict), early marriage responsibilities, well-paid job opportunities and financial concerns were most influential. Research limitations/implications Despite the limitations of relying on a small sample to generalize findings, the rich detail of this inductive study has added to the understanding of the dropout phenomenon in a new context. Practical implications The paper recommends both remedial and early intervention strategies to be undertaken by the Ministry of Education and universities. Remedial strategies include re-examining the desired standard of English as a condition for admission and adjusting the grading system. Early intervention measures that accommodate the needs of at-risk students are also proposed. At local, regional and international levels, higher education should be freed from commodification and inflated fees. Originality/value The paper presents a significant departure from the largely North American and European literature on the university dropout, by offering a broader knowledge of this phenomenon in another regional and national context.

scholarly journals Citation apps for mobile devices

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary K. Van Ullen ◽  
Jane Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Operating Systems ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Technology In Education ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Print Books ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the accuracy and functionality of a selection of basic Android and iOS apps for mobile devices designed to generate bibliographic citations. Design/methodology/approach – A number of inexpensive or free apps were installed on several different tablets and phones. Book citations in MLA and APA format were generated and evaluated for accuracy. Findings – Results show that the majority of the apps tested produced unacceptably inaccurate citations, and many had limited functionality. The best of the apps tested was EasyBib. Research limitations/implications – There are infinite combinations of operating systems, apps, citation styles, material types and devices. Testing for this study was limited to uncomplicated apps likely to appeal to undergraduate students. It did not include more sophisticated apps for managing reference libraries. The study investigated how well several Android and iOS apps installed on mobile devices functioned to generate MLA and APA citations for print books. Practical/implications – As the role of mobile technology in education continues to grow, librarians need to remain aware of solutions that can help students manage their research. Librarians have an opportunity to provide feedback to developers by reviewing and rating apps. Originality/value – Undergraduate students face challenges in learning to appropriately acknowledge materials they have consulted in their research and writing. Librarians can play an important role in helping students select the most appropriate tools to make citing sources easier and more accurate.

A student-focused checklist for creating infographics

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scottie Kapel ◽  
Krista Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Data Visualization ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Final Selection ◽  
Selection Of

PurposeThis paper discusses efforts to produce instructional support objects for undergraduate students engaged in creating infographics, an alternative assignment growing in popularity at the authors' university.Design/methodology/approachThe authors examined scholarly, professional, trade and open-web sources to identify best practices for design and data visualization for this type of assignment. They categorized their findings and used a preponderance-of-evidence method for final selection of relevant practices. The authors detail the creation of their support products (instructional checklists and example infographics) and offer recommendations for librarians engaged in similar efforts.FindingsDespite the growing popularity of alternative assignments, guidance for best practices in data and design as they relate to student-created infographics is nascent, and best practices for design and data visualization in this context have yet to be concretely identified. Without extant guidance for student-created infographics, the authors developed a checklist of potential best practices for design and data visualization.Practical implicationsThe use of alternative projects assigned in lieu of traditional research papers is growing. Additional guidance may be required for students creating non-traditional works as standards and best practices for these projects are under-developed in the academic setting. Librarians will want to consider their role in supporting students assigned to create an alternative project.Originality/valueA consideration of best practices for data and design visualization for students designing research infographics has not yet been written.

scholarly journals Four design principles for learner dashboards that support student agency and empowerment

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liz Bennett ◽  
Sue Folley
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Student Agency ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
Learner Agency ◽  
Academic School ◽  
Learning Behaviours ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to take a student-centred perspective to understanding the range of ways that students respond to receiving information about their learning behaviours presented on a dashboard. It identifies four principles to inform the design of dashboards which support learner agency and empowerment, features which Prinsloo and Slade (2016) suggest are central to ethical adoption of learning analytics. Design/methodology/approach The study involved semi-structured interviews with 24 final-year undergraduates to explore the students’ response to receiving dashboards that showed the students’ achievement and other learning behaviours. Findings The paper identifies four principles that should be used when designing and adopting learner dashboards to support student agency and empowerment. Research limitations/implications The study was based on a small sample of undergraduate students from the final year from one academic school. The data are based on students’ self-reporting. Practical implications The paper suggests that these four principles are guiding tenets for the design and implementation of learner dashboards in higher education. The four principles are: designs that are customisable by students; foregrounds students sense making; enables students to identify actionable insights; and dashboards are embedded into educational processes. Originality/value The paper’s originality is that it illuminates student-centred principles of learner dashboard design and adoption.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship education as an arena for career reflection: the shift of students' career preferences after a business planning course

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 877-896
Author(s):  
Kjersti Kjos Longva ◽  
Øivind Strand ◽  
Mark Pasquine
Keyword(s):  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Business Planning ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Career Preferences

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of entrepreneurship education (EE) in the form of a business planning course on students' career intentions and preferences. While there is extensive research in which traditional survey scales have been applied to study students' entrepreneurial intentions, this study takes a novel approach by extending the construct of entrepreneurial intention to include preferences for intrapreneurship and team entrepreneurship. Furthermore, the use of conjoint analysis captures students' unconscious decision-making processes when presented with different career opportunity scenarios, thereby overcoming many of the limitations of self-reported survey measures.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a quasi-experimental design with a novel application of conjoint analysis in EE research. A two-part survey combining a traditional questionnaire with conjoint analysis was distributed to students enrolled in a business planning course at two campuses of a Norwegian university, resulting in 99 matched pre- and post-test responses.FindingsTwo main findings arise from the study. First, there is a significant decrease in entrepreneurial intention among students in the EE course. Second, the conjoint analysis contributes to a better understanding of this decrease by illustrating how students shift their career preferences from entrepreneurship to employment during the EE course. This suggests that EE provides a space for students' career reflections where they can explore, commit to and reconsider entrepreneurship as a career.Research limitations/implicationsA limitation of the study is that it focuses on a small sample of undergraduate students from two campus locations in Norway. Thus, further investigation is still necessary to establish whether the findings are valid in other contexts. The research has implications for higher educational institutions, policymakers and researchers in the field of EE.Practical implicationsThe study contributes with a novel perspective on EE as a trigger for career reflection, a perspective that is important for educators teaching EE courses, as well as for higher education institutions who decide to implement EE in study programmes.Originality/valueBy focusing on the development of students' career preferences through conjoint analysis, the study expands knowledge on the impact of EE on students' careers, while also accentuating the value of the application of conjoint analysis in research on EE.

The added value of a new interviewing tool for the selection of candidates for the teaching profession

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-343
Author(s):  
Irit Levy-Feldman ◽  
Zipora Libman
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Added Value ◽  
First Year ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Interview Score ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose An interview is one of the most widely used tools in the admission of candidates for an academic study, particularly in the applied professions. The purpose of this paper is to present a study that assesses the quality of a new interview tool for the selection of teacher-training candidates, in order to find out its added value over other selection tools in use and to justify the effort invested in it. Design/methodology/approach The study was longitudinal and was conducted over the course of a three-year period. The study population consisted of all the college’s undergraduate students that were candidates for the teaching profession. The information was processed quantitatively using descriptive as well as inferential statistics while addressing diverse comparisons. Findings The main findings indicate a high quality of the new tool. The usage of the tool improved the selection procedure of qualified candidates, especially borderline candidates who would be rejected if using only the matriculation and the psychometric admission tools. A logistic regression model revealed the admission new interview tool to be the sole statistically significant predictor of enrollment in the college. The study reported the interview score to be the sole statistically significant predictive factor in the model that forecasts student field-practice grades, particularly in their first year of study. Originality/value This information further corroborates that a good interview tool allows a more in-depth and well-based discussion about worthy candidates who do not meet the strict grade admission requirements. This invites discussion regarding the critical place of the interview in selection of candidates, especially in applied professions.

Assessment of undergraduate students’ environmental stewardship reasoning and knowledge

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie-Joy Brodrick Hartman ◽  
Christine E. DeMars ◽  
Heather Peckham Griscom ◽  
Harold Martin Butner
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Environmental Stewardship ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a public university’s design and implementation of an assessment approach that measures the change in undergraduate students’ environmental stewardship reasoning and knowledge abilities over time. Design/methodology/approach In support of a university’s strategic emphasis on environmental stewardship, members of a university committee developed environmental stewardship learning outcomes for undergraduate students. The learning outcomes were not required in specific academic courses or in general education. Subsequently, volunteers from a variety of roles, in cooperation with committee members, developed a corresponding assessment test that focused on reasoning and knowledge. The instrument was revised between Spring 2011 and Spring 2014, and its validity was evaluated. An exploratory analysis of student learning over time was conducted using 22 items shared by different test forms. Findings A series of implementations and revisions resulted in a 50-question test, the Environmental Stewardship Reasoning and Knowledge Assessment (ESRKA), which showed good reliability (0.83). A comparative analysis provided evidence of the validity of the instrument. Results from a small sample of students showed that second-year students generally performed better on the 22 items than incoming first-year students. Those taking the assessment as second-year students, 18 months after their initial assessment, scored significantly higher on the 22 items by about 10.4 percentage points (0.61 standard deviation units, t68 = 6.23, p < 0.0001). Research limitations/implications Because of the small sample size and revision of the items, the analysis of student learning is only exploratory. Originality/value The learning outcomes and validated assessment instrument may be used either in whole or part by other institutions. The approach to measure changes in students’ environmental stewardship reasoning and knowledge abilities as cohorts over time could assist universities in tracking environmental stewardship learning and could inform strategic implementation of learning opportunities through the curriculum, as well as through other student learning experiences.

From cents to half-cents and its liquidity impact

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish D. Anderson ◽  
Yuan Peng
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Tick Size ◽  
Stock Liquidity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Liquidity Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effective Spread ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact on stock liquidity following the reduction of minimum tick size from $0.01 to $0.005 for a selection of dual-listed and property stocks on the New Zealand Exchange (NZX) during 2011. Design/methodology/approach – Various liquidity measures were examined six months either side of the change in minimum tick size for the eligible stocks and these were compared to a sample of stocks matched on similar liquidity characteristics. Liquidity measures examined in the paper include quoted and effective spread, volume, depth and binding-constraint probability. Findings – After controlling for firms matched on similar pre-period liquidity characteristics both spread and depth decline significantly. Evidence that small firms experience significant declines in trading activity was also found, and while firms with higher binding-constraints probability have greater declines in spread, their decline in depth is greater still. Research limitations/implications – The small sample of 17 stocks eligible for the $0.005 minimum tick size potentially impacts on the strength of the statistical analysis. As such, it is harder to detect statistically significant changes in liquidity. Practical implications – These findings have important implications for policymakers as the hoped for benefits of smaller tick increments may only be fully realized by larger more active stocks. Originality/value – The paper examines the impact of a change in minimum tick size on eligible New Zealand Exchange (NZX) stocks to determine whether it meet the stated NZX goal of boosting liquidity.

Crop yield distributions: fit, efficiency, and performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce J. Sherrick ◽  
Christopher A. Lanoue ◽  
Joshua Woodard ◽  
Gary D. Schnitkey ◽  
Nicholas D. Paulson
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Applications ◽  
Out Of Sample ◽  
Yield Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the empirical evidence about crop yield distributions that are often used in practical models evaluating crop yield risk and insurance. Additionally, a simulation approach is used to compare the performance of alternative specifications when the underlying form is not known, to identify implications for the choice of parameterization of yield distributions in modeling contexts. Design/methodology/approach – Using a unique high-quality farm-level corn yield data set, commonly used parametric, semi-parametric, and non-parametric distributions are examined against widely used in-sample goodness-of-fit (GOF) measures. Then, a simulation framework is used to assess the out-of-sample characteristics by using known distributions to generate samples that are assessed in an insurance valuation context under alternative specifications of the yield distribution. Findings – Bias and efficiency trade-offs are identified for both in- and out-of-sample contexts, including a simple insurance rating application. Use of GOF measures in small samples can lead to inappropriate selection of candidate distributions that perform poorly in straightforward economic applications. The β distribution consistently overstates rates even when fitted to data generated from a β distribution, while the Weibull consistently understates rates; though small sample features slightly favor Weibull. The TCMN and kernel density estimators are least biased in-sample, but can perform very badly out-of-sample due to overfitting issues. The TCMN performs reasonably well across sample sizes and initial conditions. Practical implications – Economic applications should consider the consequence of bias vs efficiency in the selection of characterizations of yield risk. Parsimonious specifications often outperform more complex characterizations of yield distributions in small sample settings, and in cases where more demanding uses of extreme-event probabilities are required. Originality/value – The study helps provide guidance on the selection of distributions used to characterize yield risk and provides an extensive empirical demonstration of yield risk measures across a high-quality set of actual farm experiences. The out-of-sample examination provides evidence of the impact of sample size, underlying variability, and region of the probability measure used on the performance of candidate distributions.

Assessing the university student perceived learning gains in generic skills

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 993-1008
Author(s):  
Joseph Chow ◽  
Ada Tse ◽  
Christine Armatas
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
University Student ◽  
First Year ◽  
Learning Gains ◽  
Generic Skills ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report undergraduate students’ learning gains in six areas of generic skills. The paper reports on students’ responses to the First Year Experience (FYE) Survey completed at the end of their first year and Graduating Student Survey (GSS) in the final semester of their final year. Design/methodology/approach In this study, a longitudinal design was applied in data collection, analysis and reporting of assessment if student learning gains. The undergraduate students who were the first cohort of four-year curriculum students in a Hong Kong university were selected as the sample. Repeated measures of reported learning gains of a longitudinal sample based on stacking of both FYE and GSS data were analysed using the Rasch model. Findings The results showed that the scale for measuring the six areas of generic skills had high reliability and good person separation. Comparison of repeated measures from the same group of students at the two time points were examined to explore whether there is growth in the generic skills during their university studies. Research limitations/implications One limitation of the study was the relatively small sample size of 359 students in one higher education institution. Practical implications The findings of the study provide insight into conceptual understanding and measurement of university student learning gains. Originality/value Whilst several studies have investigated university student learning gains, there is limited research which explores the use Rasch modelling in assessment of student learning gains in multiple areas towards completion of their undergraduate studies.

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