Development of low-cost plastic microfluidic sensors toward rapid and point-of-use detection of arsenic in drinking water for global health

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unyoung Kim ◽  
Jessica VanderGiessen ◽  
Benjamin Demaree ◽  
Mary Reynolds ◽  
Kyle Perricone
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Microfluidic Sensors

scholarly journals Impact of pretreatment on defluoridation of drinking water by bone char adsorption

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Teusner ◽  
Rhett Butler ◽  
Pierre Le Clech
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Bone Char ◽  
Subsequent Removal ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Gravity Driven

Fluoride concentrations in drinking water in excess of 1.5 mg L-1 are unsafe for human consumption. To reduce excess fluoride intake, developing countries must use low-cost, point-of-use defluoridation techniques. Although previous work has extensively assessed defluoridation using bone char (BC), most of the advanced studies have been based on the use of fluoridated distilled water as a feed solution. In the present study, BC columns were challenged with a range of model solutions, mimicking various pretreatment options. As a result, the relative impact of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and suspended solids (SS) on the performance of BC filters was assessed. In addition, the performance of a gravity-driven, hollow fibre ultrafiltration (UF) module was examined with regards to the potential for use as a pretreatment option. SS were observed to severely clog the columns and cause the complete cessation of flow. The subsequent removal of SS by UF improved the general filter performance as well as increasing the BC lifetime by 50 %. The UF module achieved a reduction in DOC of 34 ± 6 %, resulting in an additional 30 % increase in the lifetime of the BC column.

scholarly journals Development of a low cost household bone-char defluoridation filter

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1921-1927
Author(s):  
Boris Merlain Djousse Kanouo ◽  
Mathias Fru Fonteh ◽  
Steve Pindjou Ngambo
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Bone Char ◽  
Water Filter ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Dental And Skeletal Fluorosis ◽  
Northern Cameroon ◽  
Low Income Families

Regular intake of drinking water containing fluoride above permissible levels (>1.5 mgl-1) is responsible for dental and skeletal fluorosis. The objective of this study was to develop a low cost and efficient water defluoridation filter using local materials. The filter frame was made from Polyvinyl chloride pipe of 125 mm diameter and 1 m height, with a useful filtration volume of 9.55 l. The filtration layer consisted of a sequence of three strata: gravel, bone-char and sand, giving a total weight of 15 kg. Based on the concentration of fluoride in drinking water in parts of northern Cameroon, three different fluoride ion concentrations (10 mgl-1, 20 mgl-1 and 30 mgl-1) were prepared in the laboratory using distilled water and allowed to flow through the filter at the rate of 3.33 lh-1. High fluoride uptake capacity was observed (94.8% to 99.1%), depicting the suitability of the filter in defluoridation. The constructed filter costed about 17 US$. Based on these results, the filter can be recommended as an appropriate technology to mitigate fluoride health hazards problems in low income families. Although the estimated replacement frequency of biochar was three months, further research is required to optimize the point of use system performances.Keywords: Bone-char, water filter, fluoride.

scholarly journals Application of solar disinfection for treatment of contaminated public water supply in a developing country: field observations

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atif Mustafa ◽  
Miklas Scholz ◽  
Sadia Khan ◽  
Abdul Ghaffar
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Solar Disinfection ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Guideline Value

A sustainable and low-cost point-of-use household drinking water solar disinfection (SODIS) technology was successfully applied to treat microbiologically contaminated water. Field experiments were conducted to determine the efficiency of SODIS and evaluate the potential benefits and limitations of SODIS under local climatic conditions in Karachi, Pakistan. In order to enhance the efficiency of SODIS, the application of physical interventions were also investigated. Twenty per cent of the total samples met drinking water guidelines under strong sunlight weather conditions, showing that SODIS is effective for complete disinfection under specific conditions. Physical interventions, including black-backed and reflecting rear surfaces in the batch reactors, enhanced SODIS performance. Microbial regrowth was also investigated and found to be more controlled in reactors with reflective and black-backed surfaces. The transfer of plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) released from the bottle material polyethylene terephthalate (PET) under SODIS conditions was also investigated. The maximum DEHP concentration in SODIS-treated water was 0.38 μg/L less than the value of 0.71 μg/L reported in a previous study and well below the WHO drinking-quality guideline value. Thus SODIS-treated water can successfully be used by the people living in squatter settlements of mega-cities, such as Karachi, with some limitations.

Development of low cost point-of-use (POU) interventions for instant decontamination of drinking water in developing countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 101435
Author(s):  
Rajshree Patil ◽  
Dilshad Ahmad ◽  
Pradeep Balkundae ◽  
Shankar Kausley ◽  
Chetan Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Point Of Use

Lead removal from drinking water - development and validation of point-of-use treatment devices

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
R. Sublet ◽  
A. Boireau ◽  
V.X. Yang ◽  
M.-O. Simonnot ◽  
C. Autugelle
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Lead Removal ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Taste And Odor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Safety Considerations

Two lead removal water filters were developed to lower lead levels in drinking water below 10 μg.L-1 in order to meet the new regulation given by the European Directive 98-83, applicable in December 2013. An appropriate adsorbent was selected through a stringent research program among a wide range of media, and is composed of a synthetic zeolite and an activated carbon. Two prototypes were developed: the first is a faucet-mounted filter which contains a fixed bed of the adsorbent and a hollow fiber bundle, while the second is an under-sink cartridge made of a porous extruded block of carbon and adsorbent. Both are able to treat at least 1,000 litres of any water containing on average 100 to 150 μg Pb.L-1, by lowering the lead concentration below 10 μg.L-1. Once their safety considerations were addressed by an independent laboratory according to the French Ministry of Health recommendations, 20 prototypes were installed at consumers' taps in northeastern France. Their performance in terms of lead removal, HPC control and bad taste and odor reduction was followed for 6 months. This field testing program resulted in the validation of both prototypes which meet the new French Ministry of Health recommendations and assures that the filtered water is fully ED 98-83 compliant. Their commercialization will be launched first in France in middle 2002.

PTSA (pressure and thermal swing adsorption) method to remove trihalomethanes from drinking water

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigekazu Nakano ◽  
Tomoko Fukuhara ◽  
Masami Hiasa
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Remarkable Difference ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Thermal Swing Adsorption ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Musty Odor ◽  
Vacuum Heating

It has been widely recognized that trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water pose a risk to human health. THMs can be removed to a certain extent by the conventional point-of-use (POU) unit which is composed of activated carbon (AC) and microfilter. But it's life on THMs is relatively shorter than on residual chlorine or musty odor. To extent the life of AC adsorber, pressure and thermal swing adsorption (PTSA) was applied by preferential regeneration of chloroform. PTSA was effective to remove THMs, especially chloroform. Adsorption isotherms of chloroform at 25 and 70°C showed a remarkable difference so that thermal swing was considered effective. Chloroform was also desorbed by reducing pressure. By vacuum heating at 70°C, chloroform was almost desorbed from AC and reversible adsorption was considered possible. A prototype of POU unit with PTSA was proposed. Regeneration mode would consist of dewatering, vacuum heating and cooling (backwashing). The unit was maintained in bacteriostatic condition and could be used for a long time without changing an AC cartridge.

Point of Use Household Drinking Water Filtration: A Practical, Effective Solution for Providing Sustained Access to Safe Drinking Water in the Developing World

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 4261-4267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Sobsey ◽  
Christine E. Stauber ◽  
Lisa M. Casanova ◽  
Joseph M. Brown ◽  
Mark A. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Water Filtration ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Point Of Use
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