Accurate estimation of forward path geometry using two-clothoid road model

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Khosla
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Forward Path ◽  
Path Geometry

An Efficient Statistic for Determining the Diameter of Thin Sectioned Uniform Spheres from Measurements of Biological Samples

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 114-115
Author(s):  
W. R. Schucany ◽  
G. H. Kelsoe ◽  
V. F. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Sectioned Material ◽  
Maximal Diameter ◽  
Similar Cell

Accurate estimation of the size of spheroid organelles from thin sectioned material is often necessary, as uniquely homogenous populations of organelles such as vessicles, granules, or nuclei often are critically important in the morphological identification of similar cell types. However, the difficulty in obtaining accurate diameter measurements of thin sectioned organelles is well known. This difficulty is due to the extreme tenuity of the sectioned material as compared to the size of the intact organelle. In populations where low variance is suspected the traditional method of diameter estimation has been to measure literally hundreds of profiles and to describe the “largest” as representative of the “approximate maximal diameter”.

Under- and Over-Estimation

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Crollen ◽  
Julie Castronovo ◽  
Xavier Seron
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Numerical Estimation ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Estimation Task ◽  
Reproduction Task ◽  
Perception Task ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Mapping Hypothesis ◽  
Task Perception

Over the last 30 years, numerical estimation has been largely studied. Recently, Castronovo and Seron (2007) proposed the bi-directional mapping hypothesis in order to account for the finding that dependent on the type of estimation task (perception vs. production of numerosities), reverse patterns of performance are found (i.e., under- and over-estimation, respectively). Here, we further investigated this hypothesis by submitting adult participants to three types of numerical estimation task: (1) a perception task, in which participants had to estimate the numerosity of a non-symbolic collection; (2) a production task, in which participants had to approximately produce the numerosity of a symbolic numerical input; and (3) a reproduction task, in which participants had to reproduce the numerosity of a non-symbolic numerical input. Our results gave further support to the finding that different patterns of performance are found according to the type of estimation task: (1) under-estimation in the perception task; (2) over-estimation in the production task; and (3) accurate estimation in the reproduction task. Moreover, correlation analyses revealed that the more a participant under-estimated in the perception task, the more he/she over-estimated in the production task. We discussed these empirical data by showing how they can be accounted by the bi-directional mapping hypothesis ( Castronovo & Seron, 2007 ).

LABORATORY TESTS OF THYROID FUNCTION IN HYPERTHYROIDISM II.

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (4_Suppla) ◽  
pp. S23-S35
Author(s):  
B.-A. Lamberg ◽  
O. P. Heinonen ◽  
K. Liewendahl ◽  
G. Kvist ◽  
M. Viherkoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Crossing Point ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients

ABSTRACT The distributions of 13 variables based on 10 laboratory tests measuring thyroid function were studied in euthyroid controls and in patients with toxic diffuse or toxic multinodular goitre. Density functions were fitted to the empirical data and the goodness of fit was evaluated by the use of the χ2-test. In a few instances there was a significant difference but the material available was in some respects too small to allow a very accurate estimation. The normal limits for each variable was defined by the 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles. It appears that in some instances these limits are too rigorous from the practical point of view. It is emphasized that the crossing point of the functions for euthyroid controls and hyperthyroid patients may be a better limit to use. In a preliminary analysis of the diagnostic efficiency the variables of total or free hormone concentration in the blood proved clearily superior to all other variables.

Napfmarathon versus Stadtmarathon: Eine Annäherung an das Konzept des Leistungskilometers

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
First Approximation ◽  
The City

The aim of this study was to investigate differences in course times of a mountainmarathon (Napfmarathon) versus a city Marathon. Therefore all participants of Napfmarathon were screened concerning a double participation on a city marathon (Zürich, Winterthur, Lausanne, Luzern) and the course time were compared. Of key interest was the influence of ascents and descents which were quantified according to ­guidelines of Youth & Sport (Jugend + Sport / Jeunesse et Sport), whereby in first approximation 100 meter of ascent, 150 meter of descent (more than 20%) and 1 km of horizontal distance were taken as a simallar performance correlat. For the identified double starter different average times per km resulted. For the city marathon with an average time of 4 min 52 sec and for the Napfmarathon with 4 min 28 sec. If speed per km was calculated only with ascent and horizontal distances having performance relevance an average time of 4 min 56 sec per km was identified. This effect seems to be independet from distance absolved, resulting for Halbmarathon on an average time of distance of 4 min 13 sec, for Napfmarathon of 4 min 4 sec and for the performance concept only with ascent an average time per km of 4 min 16 sec. These analysis reveal, that if only ascent is taxed average course times differ less than 5 sec for both distances. For these particular reasons we recommend for running events to calculate only based on ascent and horizontal distances making necessary adjustments based on length of course, steepness of ascent and descent, character of terain (middle-country, pre-alps, alpes) for accurate estimation of course times.

scholarly journals When, How, and to What Extent Are Individuals with Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome Able to Progress? Neurobehavioral Progress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Enrique Noé ◽  
Joan Ferri ◽  
José Olaya ◽  
María Dolores Navarro ◽  
Myrtha O’Valle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Minimally Conscious State ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Conscious State ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Functional Communication ◽  
Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome ◽  
Object Use ◽  
Minimally Conscious

Accurate estimation of the neurobehavioral progress of patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) is essential to anticipate their most likely clinical course and guide clinical decision making. Although different studies have described this progress and possible predictors of neurobehavioral improvement in these patients, they have methodological limitations that could restrict the validity and generalization of the results. This study investigates the neurobehavioral progress of 100 patients with UWS consecutively admitted to a neurorehabilitation center using systematic weekly assessments based on standardized measures, and the prognostic factors of changes in their neurobehavioral condition. Our results showed that, during the analyzed period, 34% of the patients were able to progress from UWS to minimally conscious state (MCS), 12% of the total sample (near one third from those who progressed to MCS) were able to emerge from MCS, and 10% of the patients died. Transition to MCS was mostly denoted by visual signs, which appeared either alone or in combination with motor signs, and was predicted by etiology and the score on the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised at admission with an accuracy of 75%. Emergence from MCS was denoted in the same proportion by functional communication and object use. Predictive models of emergence from MCS and mortality were not valid and the identified predictors could not be accounted for.

The prediction of vehicle vibration transmitted to the occupant using a modular transfer matrix

2021 ◽  
pp. 107754632199759
Author(s):  
Jianchun Yao ◽  
Mohammad Fard ◽  
John L Davy ◽  
Kazuhito Kato
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Transfer Matrix ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Transfer Matrices ◽  
Body Vibration

Industry is moving towards more data-oriented design and analyses to solve complex analytical problems. Solving complex and large finite element models is still challenging and requires high computational time and resources. Here, a modular method is presented to predict the transmission of vehicle body vibration to the occupants’ body by combining the numerical transfer matrices of the subsystems. The transfer matrices of the subsystems are presented in the form of data which is sourced from either physical tests or finite element models. The structural dynamics of the vehicle body is represented using a transfer matrix at each of the seat mounting points in three triaxial (X–Y–Z) orientations. The proposed method provides an accurate estimation of the transmission of the vehicle body vibration to the seat frame and the seated occupant. This method allows the combination of conventional finite element analytical model data and the experimental data of subsystems to accurately predict the dynamic performance of the complex structure. The numerical transfer matrices can also be the subject of machine learning for various applications such as for the prediction of the vibration discomfort of the occupant with different seat and foam designs and with different physical characteristics of the occupant body.

scholarly journals Determination of Environmental Factors for the Implementation of the Exploitability Index in Industrial Aggregate Mining Using Multi-Criteria Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Julio Manuel de Luis-Ruiz ◽  
Benito Ramiro Salas-Menocal ◽  
Gema Fernández-Maroto ◽  
Rubén Pérez-Álvarez ◽  
Raúl Pereda-García
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Made In

The quality of human life is linked to the exploitation of mining resources. The Exploitability Index (EI) assesses the actual possibilities to enable a mine according to several factors. The environment is one of the most constraining ones, but its analysis is made in a shallow way. This research is focused on its determination, according to a new preliminary methodology that sets the main components of the environmental impact related to the development of an exploitation of industrial minerals and its weighting according to the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). It is applied to the case of the ophitic outcrops in Cantabria (Spain). Twelve components are proposed and weighted with the AHP and an algorithm that allows for assigning a normalized value for the environmental factor to each deposit. Geographic Information Systems (GISs) are applied, allowing us to map a large number of components of the environmental factors. This provides a much more accurate estimation of the environmental factor, with respect to reality, and improves the traditional methodology in a substantial way. It can be established as a methodology for mining spaces planning, but it is suitable for other contexts, and it raises developing the environmental analysis before selecting the outcrop to be exploited.

scholarly journals How well do neurosurgeons predict survival in patients with high-grade glioma?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Millgård Sagberg ◽  
Asgeir S. Jakola ◽  
Ingerid Reinertsen ◽  
Ole Solheim
Keyword(s):  
Median Survival ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
High Grade Glioma ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Clinical Prediction ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Actual Survival

AbstractDue to the lack of reliable prognostic tools, prognostication and surgical decisions largely rely on the neurosurgeons’ clinical prediction skills. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of neurosurgeons’ prediction of survival in patients with high-grade glioma and explore factors possibly associated with accurate predictions. In a prospective single-center study, 199 patients who underwent surgery for high-grade glioma were included. After surgery, the operating surgeon predicted the patient’s survival using an ordinal prediction scale. A survival curve was used to visualize actual survival in groups based on this scale, and the accuracy of clinical prediction was assessed by comparing predicted and actual survival. To investigate factors possibly associated with accurate estimation, a binary logistic regression analysis was performed. The surgeons were able to differentiate between patients with different lengths of survival, and median survival fell within the predicted range in all groups with predicted survival < 24 months. In the group with predicted survival > 24 months, median survival was shorter than predicted. The overall accuracy of surgeons’ survival estimates was 41%, and over- and underestimations were done in 34% and 26%, respectively. Consultants were 3.4 times more likely to accurately predict survival compared to residents (p = 0.006). Our findings demonstrate that although especially experienced neurosurgeons have rather good predictive abilities when estimating survival in patients with high-grade glioma on the group level, they often miss on the individual level. Future prognostic tools should aim to beat the presented clinical prediction skills.

scholarly journals Operating Rooms efficiency: leveraging data to improve management of elective surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Quercioli ◽  
G A Carta ◽  
G Cevenini ◽  
G Messina ◽  
N Nante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
Operating Rooms ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Surgical Time ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Management Efficiency ◽  
Scheduling Model ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Careful scheduling of elective surgery Operating Rooms (ORs) is crucial for their efficient use, to avoid low/over utilization and staff overtime. Accurate estimation of procedures duration is essential to improve ORs scheduling. Therefore analysis of historical data about surgical times is fundamental to ORs management. We analyzed the effect, in a real setting, of an ORs scheduling model based on estimated optimum surgical time in improving ORs efficiency and decreasing the risk of overtime. Methods We studied all the 2014-2019 elective surgery sessions (3,758 sessions, 12,449 interventions) of a district general hospital in Siena's Province, Italy. The hospital had3 ORs open 5 days/week 08:00-14:00. Surgery specialties were general surgery, orthopedics, gynecology and urology. Based on a pilot study conducted in 2016, which estimated a 5 times greater risk of having an OR overtime for sessions with a surgical time (incision-suture)&gt;200 minutes, from 2017 all the ORs were scheduled using a maximum surgical time of 200 minutes calculated summing the mean surgical times for intervention and surgeon (obtained from 2014-2016 data). We carried out multivariate logistic regression to calculate the probability of ORs overtime (of 15 and 30 minutes) for the periods 2014-2016 and 2017-2019adjusting for raw ORs utilization. Results The 2017-2019 risk of an OR overtime of 15 minutes decreased by 25% compared to the 2014-2016 period (OR = 0.75, 95%CI=0.618-0.902, p = 0.003); the risk of a OR overtime of 30 minutes decreased by 33% (OR = 0.67, 95%CI= 0.543-0.831, p &lt; 0.001). Mean raw OR utilization increase from 62% to 66% (p &lt; 0.001). Mean number of interventions per surgery sessions increased from 3.1 to 3.5 (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions This study has shown that an analysis of historical data and an estimate of the optimal surgical time per surgical session could be helpful to avoid both a low and excessive use of the ORs and therefore to increase the efficiency of the ORs. Key messages An accurate analysis of surgical procedures duration is crucial to optimize operating room utilization. A data-based approach can improve OR management efficiency without extra resources.

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