Effect of Excitation Parameters on Fluxgate Sensing Element Response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elkattan ◽  
Hassan Mostafa ◽  
A. H. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Sensing Element ◽  
Excitation Parameters

scholarly journals Design Concepts for NiTiNOL Wires to Function as a Sensor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Josephine Selvarani Ruth
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Mechanical Element ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Inverse Hysteresis

AbstractNickel Titanium Naval Ordinance Laboratory (NiTiNOL) is widely called as a shape memory alloy (SMA), a class of nonlinear smart material inherited with the functionally programmed property of varying electrical resistance during the transformation enabling to be positioned as a sensing element. The major challenge to instrument the SMA wires is to suppress the wires’ nonlinearity by proper selection of two important factors. The first factor is influenced by the mechanical biasing element and the other is to identify the sensing current for the sensing device (SMA wires + biasing). This paper focuses on developing SMA wires for sensing in different orientation types and configurations by removing the non-linearity in the system’s output by introducing inverse hysteresis to the wires through the passive mechanical element.

scholarly journals Formation of a Complex Topologies of SAW-Based Inertial Sensors by Laser Thin Film Local Evaporation

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Alexander Kukaev ◽  
Dmitry Lukyanov ◽  
Denis Mikhailenko ◽  
Daniil Safronov ◽  
Sergey Shevchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Surface Acoustic Wave ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Surface Acoustic Waves ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Small Series ◽  
Evaporation Technique ◽  
Photolithography Process

Originally, sensors based on surface acoustic waves are fabricated using photolithography, which becomes extremely expensive when a small series or even single elements are needed for the research. A laser thin film local evaporation technique is proposed to substitute the photolithography process in the production of surface acoustic wave based inertial sensors prototypes. To estimate its potential a prototype of a surface acoustic wave gyroscope sensing element was fabricated and tested. Its was shown that the frequency mismatch is no more than 1%, but dispersion of the wave on small inertial masses leads to a spurious parasitic signal on receiving electrodes. Possible ways of its neglecting is discussed.

CMOS-MEMS Based Current Mirror MOSFET Embedded Pressure Sensor for Healthcare and Biomedical Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 647 ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Rathore ◽  
Brishbhan Singh Panwar
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Circuit Simulation ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Current Mirror ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Pressure Sensing ◽  
Cmos Mems

This paper reports on the design and optimization of current mirror MOSFET embedded pressure sensor. A current mirror circuit with an output current of 1 mA integrated with a pressure sensing n-channel MOSFET has been designed using standard 5 µm CMOS technology. The channel region of the pressure sensing MOSFET forms the flexible diaphragm as well as the strain sensing element. The piezoresistive effect in MOSFET has been exploited for the calculation of strain induced carrier mobility variation. The output transistor of the current mirror forms the active pressure sensing MOSFET which produces a change in its drain current as a result of altered channel mobility under externally applied pressure. COMSOL Multiphysics is utilized for the simulation of pressure sensing structure and Tspice is employed to evaluate the characteristics of the current mirror pressure sensing circuit. Simulation results show that the pressure sensor has a sensitivity of 10.01 mV/MPa. The sensing structure has been optimized through simulation for enhancing the sensor sensitivity to 276.65 mV/MPa. These CMOS-MEMS based pressure sensors integrated with signal processing circuitry on the same chip can be used for healthcare and biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Mask-Type Sensor for Pulse Wave and Respiration Measurements and Eye Blink Detection

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4895
Author(s):  
Thanh-Vinh Nguyen ◽  
Masaaki Ichiki
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Frequency Component ◽  
High Frequency Component ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Eye Blink ◽  
Mask Type ◽  
Blink Detection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Air Bag

This paper reports on a mask-type sensor for simultaneous pulse wave and respiration measurements and eye blink detection that uses only one sensing element. In the proposed sensor, a flexible air bag-shaped chamber whose inner pressure change can be measured by a microelectromechanical system-based piezoresistive cantilever was used as the sensing element. The air bag-shaped chamber is fabricated by wrapping a sponge pad with plastic film and polyimide tape. The polyimide tape has a hole to which the substrate with the piezoresistive cantilever adheres. By attaching the sensor device to a mask where it contacts the nose of the subject, the sensor can detect the pulses and eye blinks of the subject by detecting the vibration and displacement of the nose skin caused by these physiological parameters. Moreover, the respiration of the subject causes pressure changes in the space between the mask and the face of the subject as well as slight vibrations of the mask. Therefore, information about the respiration of the subject can be extracted from the sensor signal using either the low-frequency component (<1 Hz) or the high-frequency component (>100 Hz). This paper describes the sensor fabrication and provides demonstrations of the pulse wave and respiration measurements as well as eye blink detection using the fabricated sensor.

scholarly journals Mechanical Sensing Element PDLIM5 Promotes Osteogenesis of Human Fibroblasts by Affecting the Activity of Microfilaments

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 759
Author(s):  
Xiaolan Huang ◽  
Rongmei Qu ◽  
Yan Peng ◽  
Yuchao Yang ◽  
Tingyu Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Osteogenic Induction Medium ◽  
Osteogenic Induction ◽  
Related Proteins

Human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) approximate the multidirectional differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells, so they are often used in differentiation, cell cultures, and injury repair. They are an important seed source in the field of bone tissue engineering. However, there are a few studies describing the mechanism of osteogenic differentiation of HSFs. Here, osteogenic induction medium was used to induce fibroblasts to differentiate into osteoblasts, and the role of the mechanical sensitive element PDLIM5 in microfilament-mediated osteogenic differentiation of human fibroblasts was evaluated. The depolymerization of microfilaments inhibited the expression of osteogenesis-related proteins and alkaline phosphatase activity of HSFs, while the polymerization of microfilaments enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of HSFs. The evaluation of potential protein molecules affecting changes in microfilaments showed that during the osteogenic differentiation of HSFs, the expression of PDLIM5 increased with increasing induction time, and decreased under the state of microfilament depolymerization. Lentivirus-mediated PDLIM5 knockdown by shRNA weakened the osteogenic differentiation ability of HSFs and inhibited the expression and morphological changes of microfilament protein. The inhibitory effect of knocking down PDLIM5 on HSF osteogenic differentiation was reversed by a microfilament stabilizer. Taken together, these data suggest that PDLIM5 can mediate the osteogenic differentiation of fibroblasts by affecting the formation and polymerization of microfilaments.

scholarly journals An Ultrahigh-Sensitivity Graphene Resonant Gyroscope

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1890
Author(s):  
Yang Lu ◽  
Zhan-She Guo ◽  
Shang-Chun Fan
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Velocity Variation ◽  
Beam Length ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Resonant Beam ◽  
Frequency Output ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Ultrahigh Sensitivity

In this study, a graphene beam was selected as a sensing element and used to form a graphene resonant gyroscope structure with direct frequency output and ultrahigh sensitivity. The structure of the graphene resonator gyroscope was simulated using the ANSYS finite element software, and the influence of the length, width, and thickness of the graphene resonant beam on the angular velocity sensitivity was studied. The simulation results show that the resonant frequency of the graphene resonant beam decreased with increasing the beam length and thickness, while the width had a negligible effect. The fundamental frequency of the designed graphene resonator gyroscope was more than 20 MHz, and the sensitivity of the angular velocity was able to reach 22,990 Hz/°/h. This work is of great significance for applications in environments that require high sensitivity to extremely weak angular velocity variation.

scholarly journals 60–700 K CTAT and PTAT Temperature Sensors with 4H-SiC Schottky Diodes

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 942
Author(s):  
Razvan Pascu ◽  
Gheorghe Pristavu ◽  
Gheorghe Brezeanu ◽  
Florin Draghici ◽  
Philippe Godignon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Schottky Diodes ◽  
Schottky Contact ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Readout Circuit ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
High Performing

A SiC Schottky dual-diode temperature-sensing element, suitable for both complementary variation of VF with absolute temperature (CTAT) and differential proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) sensors, is demonstrated over 60–700 K, currently the widest range reported. The structure’s layout places the two identical diodes in close, symmetrical proximity. A stable and high-barrier Schottky contact based on Ni, annealed at 750 °C, is used. XRD analysis evinced the even distribution of Ni2Si over the entire Schottky contact area. Forward measurements in the 60–700 K range indicate nearly identical characteristics for the dual-diodes, with only minor inhomogeneity. Our parallel diode (p-diode) model is used to parameterize experimental curves and evaluate sensing performances over this far-reaching domain. High sensitivity, upwards of 2.32 mV/K, is obtained, with satisfactory linearity (R2 reaching 99.80%) for the CTAT sensor, even down to 60 K. The PTAT differential version boasts increased linearity, up to 99.95%. The lower sensitivity is, in this case, compensated by using a high-performing, low-cost readout circuit, leading to a peak 14.91 mV/K, without influencing linearity.

A μc-Si:H P-I-N Imager For 2-D Pattern Recognition

1999 ◽  
Vol 558 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Martins ◽  
M. Fernandes ◽  
F. Sousa ◽  
P. Louro ◽  
A. MaçArico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Image Representation ◽  
Rectangular Grid ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Coplanar Electrodes ◽  
Basic Image ◽  
Image Processing Algorithms ◽  
Processing Algorithms

ABSTRACTA TCO/ μc-p-i-n Si:H/AI imager is presented and analyzed. The μc-p-i-n Si:H photodiode acts as a sensing element. Contacts are used as an electrical interface. The image is acquired by a scan-out process. Sampling is performed on a rectangular grid, and the read-out of the photogenerated charges is achieved by measuring simultaneously both transverse photovoltages at the coplanar electrodes. The image representation in gray-tones is obtained by using low level processing algorithms. Basic image processing algorithms are developed for image enhancement and restoration.

Simulations of the Myosin II Motor Reveal a Nucleotide-state Sensing Element that Controls the Recovery Stroke

2006 ◽  
Vol 361 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sampath Koppole ◽  
Jeremy C. Smith ◽  
Stefan Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Recovery Stroke
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document