Dimensional Changes of <img src="/images/tex/809.gif" alt="\hbox {Nb}_{3}\hbox {Sn}"> Conductors and Conduit Alloys During Reaction Heat Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 9000404-9000404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin McRae ◽  
Robert Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Predictive Modeling ◽  
Strain State ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Reaction Heat ◽  
Magnet Design ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Existing Data

The performance of Nb3Sn composite superconducting wire is highly dependent on its strain state, which is difficult to predict or measure accurately. There is limited data in the literature on Nb3Sn or conduit alloys for the thermal expansion/contraction that occurs during reaction heat treatments. Thermal expansion measurements of two contemporary Nb3Sn wires and two conduit alloys-316LN and JK2LB-are taken individually during reaction heat treatments in a wide temperature range (4-1200 K) dilatometer system at the NHMFL. The measurements observed here are compared with the existing data and predicted models. This work significantly increases the available data for Nb3Sn superconductors and conduit alloys that can be used in magnet design and predictive modeling.

Effects of Heat Treatment on a High-Pressure Die-Cast Mg-La-Y Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 690 ◽  
pp. 210-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Gavras ◽  
Su Ming Zhu ◽  
Mark A. Easton ◽  
Mark A. Gibson ◽  
Jian Feng Nie
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Creep Resistance ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Dislocation Motion ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Die Cast ◽  
Solute Atoms

In this study effects of heat treatments on the creep resistance at 177°C/90MPa of a high-pressure die-cast Mg-2.70La-1.50Y (wt.%) alloy were examined. It was found that ageing at 160°C for 24 h (T5) or a solution treatment at 520°C for 1 h (T4) improved creep resistance and caused no blistering on the surface or dimensional changes to the die-cast specimens. TEM was used to characterize the microstructures of heat-treated samples. Improvements to creep resistance might be attributed to the pinning or otherwise retarding of dislocation motion by precipitates and/or solute atoms during creep.

Effects of Heat Treatments on the Nb3Sn Composite Strands

2007 ◽  
Vol 546-549 ◽  
pp. 2023-2026
Author(s):  
M. Liang ◽  
Ping Xiang Zhang ◽  
X.D. Tang ◽  
J.S. Li ◽  
C.G. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Magnetic Field ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Superconducting Properties ◽  
Reaction Heat ◽  
Magnetic Field Application

Nb3Sn superconductors are widely used in high magnetic field application. Internal tin processed Nb3Sn wires used for ITER coils (at 4.2K, 12T) were heated by two steps, local heat treatment and reaction heat treatments. The superconducting properties of Nb3Sn were investigated as a function of reaction heat treatment (HT) for strands during 625°C~665°C.To study the heat treatment effects on Jcn and n-value of Nb3Sn strands, different HT-parameters, i.e., annealing temperature and times, were applied on the Nb3Sn multifilament strands.

Microstructural Development in Nb-Ti Multifilamentary Superconductors During Processing

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 190-191
Author(s):  
A. W. West
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Critical Current Density ◽  
Copper Matrix ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Microstructural Development ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Density Values ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Multifilamentary Superconductors

The influence of the filament microstructure on the critical current density values, Jc, of Nb-Ti multifilamentary superconducting composites has been well documented. However the development of these microstructures during composite processing is still under investigation.During manufacture, the multifilamentary composite is given several heat treatments interspersed in the wire-drawing schedule. Typically, these heat treatments are for 5 to 80 hours at temperatures between 523 and 573K. A short heat treatment of approximately 3 hours at 573K is usually given to the wire at final size. Originally this heat treatment was given to soften the copper matrix, but recent work has shown that it can markedly change both the Jc value and microstructure of the composite.

Quantitative Microstructural Analysis of a Ni-based Superalloy After Different Heat Treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 4519-4524
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Metal Melts ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Undercooled Melt ◽  
Super Alloy

The efficiency of time-temperature treatment (T-TT) on metal melts can be microstructurally analysed through their degree of purity in non-metallic inclusions. In the case of the Ni-based super alloy under discussion (MSRR 7045) the heat treatment was the undercooling consequences both on the durability of the casting environment (ingots-refractories) and on the internal structure of the metal (porosity, microstructural isotropy). Keywords: time-temperature treatment, undercooled melt, non-metallic inclusions, purity, microstructural isotropy

scholarly journals Proteomic analysis of heat shock proteins in maize (Zea mays L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Hussien Abou-Deif ◽  
Mohamed Abdel-Salam Rashed ◽  
Kamal Mohamed Khalil ◽  
Fatma El-Sayed Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Adverse Influence ◽  
Shock Proteins

Abstract Background Maize is one of the important cereal food crops in the world. High temperature stress causes adverse influence on plant growth. When plants are exposed to high temperatures, they produce heat shock proteins (HSPs), which may impart a generalized role in tolerance to heat stress. Proteome analysis was performed in plant to assess the changes in protein types and their expression levels under abiotic stress. The purpose of the study is to explore which proteins are involved in the response of the maize plant to heat shock treatment. Results We investigated the responses of abundant proteins of maize leaves, in an Egyptian inbred line of maize “K1”, upon heat stress through two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) on samples of maize leaf proteome. 2-DE technique was used to recognize heat-responsive protein spots using Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) and silver staining. In 2-D analysis of proteins from plants treated at 45 °C for 2 h, the results manifested 59 protein spots (4.3%) which were reproducibly detected as new spots where did not present in the control. In 2D for treated plants for 4 h, 104 protein spots (7.7%) were expressed only under heat stress. Quantification of spot intensities derived from heat treatment showed that twenty protein spots revealed clear differences between the control and the two heat treatments. Nine spots appeared with more intensity after heat treatments than the control, while four spots appeared only after heat treatments. Five spots were clearly induced after heat treatment either at 2 h or 4 h and were chosen for more analysis by LC-MSMS. They were identified as ATPase beta subunit, HSP26, HSP16.9, and unknown HSP/Chaperonin. Conclusion The results revealed that the expressive level of the four heat shock proteins that were detected in this study plays important roles to avoid heat stress in maize plants.

Estimating the Stress-Strain State of Roll by Temperature Gradient in the Course of its Heat Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 967-972
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Savinov ◽  
Sergey M. Andreev ◽  
Nikolay A. Feoktistov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Strain State ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Cast Billet ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Metallurgical Enterprise ◽  
Stress Strain State

The paper considers the issue of mathematical simulating the stress-strain state of a roll in the course of its heat treatment. It is shown that a sound heat treatment schedule affects significantly the economic efficiency of a metallurgical enterprise. The mathematical apparatus is provided to estimate the thermal interaction in the casting-furnace system, based on which a program for calculating the thermal state of a roll during heat treatment has been developed. Using this program allows evaluating the thermal stresses occurring in a roll during the heat treatment cycle and reducing the risk of discontinuity in the roll cast billet. Also, using the program developed, allows significant reducing the engineer-technologist man-hours for the design of the process cycle of the casting heat treatment. An example of calculating the thermal state of a roll with a diameter of 930 mm in casting is given. The change in the dynamics of the maximum temperature gradient along the product radius is shown, while correlating it with the furnace setting.

Demonstration of opsonizing antibodies to Francisella tularensis by leukocyte chemiluminescence

1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-334
Author(s):  
S Löfgren ◽  
A Tärnvik ◽  
J Carlsson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Agglutination Reaction ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Reaction Heat ◽  
Complement Component C3 ◽  
Pmn Leukocytes ◽  
C 30

Twenty-three individuals were vaccinated with a viable attenuated strain of Francisella tularensis, and blood was collected at various time intervals during 4 weeks. To demonstrate opsonizing antibodies, a mixture of serum and vaccine bacteria was incubated, whereafter the chemiluminescence response of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes to this mixture was recorded. No opsonizing antibodies against F. tularensis were found in sera obtained before vaccination. Eleven days after vaccination, sera from nine individuals, and 21 days after vaccination, sera from all 23 individuals contained antibodies. Antibodies were demonstrated earlier with the chemiluminescent technique that with the agglutination reaction. Heat treatment (56 degrees C, 30 min) or removal of complement component C3 from immune serum reduced the chemiluminescent response of the leukocytes. A high chemiluminescent response of the leukocytes was induced by immunoglobulin G (IgG)- and IgM-enriched fractions of immune serum in the presence of complement. In the absence of complement, the IgG fraction induced a low chemiluminescent response; the IgM fraction induced no response at all.

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