‘Protest’ and Fail to Survive: Le Pen and the Great Moving Right Show

Politics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Neocleous ◽  
Nick Startin
Keyword(s):  
Social Democracy ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
Front National ◽  
Recent Success ◽  
Widespread Belief ◽  
Core Identity

This article challenges the widespread belief that the recent success of Jean-Marie Le Pen and the Front National is due to a ‘protest vote’ on the part of the French electorate, a vote which thus lacks any ‘core identity’ and is therefore unsustainable in the long term. Through a geographical and sociological breakdown of the 2002 presidential and legislative elections the article first shows the extent to which support for Le Pen is clearly not a ‘protest’ but has a clear and recognisable base. Following this, the article aims to situate the notion of the ‘protest vote’ in the wider context of the continued ‘moving right show’ in contemporary social democracy.

Regionalism in New Democracies: The Authoritarian Origins of Voter–Party Linkages

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 908-922
Author(s):  
Chantal E. Berman ◽  
Elizabeth R. Nugent
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
State Building ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
Regional Heterogeneity ◽  
Authoritarian State ◽  
Exit Survey ◽  
Path Dependent

We investigate the path-dependent effects of subnational variation in authoritarian state-building policies on voter–party linkages after regime change. We argue that long-term patterns of regional favoritism and marginalization produce patterned regional heterogeneity in the attitudes and preferences linking voters with parties. Postcolonial state-building policies create “winners” and “losers” from particular interventions, in turn shaping local citizens’ preferences over these policy areas and forming axes of contestation ready to be activated by democratic politics. We argue that attitudes associated with regionally consistent state-building policies should function uniformly as determinants of vote choice across regions, while attitudes associated with regionally divergent state-building policies should experience patterned regional variation in their effect on vote choice. We develop these arguments empirically with historical analysis of Tunisian state-building and an original exit survey of voters in five diverse regions conducted on the day of Tunisia’s first democratic legislative elections in 2014. Our findings contribute to a growing literature on the importance of analyzing political transformation at the subnational level.

Long-Term Decision-Making: Biological and Psychological Evidence

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Princen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Time Horizon ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Environmental Decision Making ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Psychological Evidence ◽  
Widespread Belief

A central conundrum in the need to infuse a long-term perspective into climate policy and other environmental decision-making is the widespread belief that humans are inherently short-term thinkers. An analysis of human decision-making informed by evolved adaptations—biological, psychological and cultural—suggests that humans actually have a long-term thinking capacity. In fact, the human time horizon encompasses both the immediate and the future (near and far term). And yet this very temporal duality makes people susceptible to manipulation; it carries its own politics, a politics of the short term. A “legacy politics” would extend the prevailing time horizon by identifying structural factors that build on evolved biological and cultural factors.

scholarly journals Immunization associated with primary tumor growth leads to rejection of commonly used syngeneic tumors upon tumor rechallenge

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e000532
Author(s):  
Bruno Alicke ◽  
Klara Totpal ◽  
Jill M Schartner ◽  
Amy M Berkley ◽  
Sophie M Lehar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Tumor Immunity ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Tumor Bed ◽  
Recent Success ◽  
Treatment Naïve

The recent success of multiple immunomodulating drugs in oncology highlights the potential of relieving immunosuppression by directly engaging the immune system in the tumor bed to target cancer cells. Durable responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors experienced by some patients may be indicative of the formation of a T cell memory response. This has prompted the search for preclinical evidence of therapy-induced long-term immunity as part of the evaluation of novel therapeutics. A common preclinical method used to document long-term immunity is the use of tumor rechallenge experiments in which tumor growth is assessed in mice that have previously rejected tumors in response to therapy. Failure of rechallenge engraftment, typically alongside successful engraftment of the same tumor in naive animals as a control, is often presented as evidence of therapy-induced tumor immunity. Here, we present evidence that formation of tumor immunity often develops independent of therapy. We observed elevated rates of rechallenge rejection following surgical resection of primary tumors for four of five commonly used models and that such postexcision immunity could be adoptively transferred to treatment-naïve mice. We also show that tumor-specific cytolytic T cells are induced on primary tumor challenge independent of therapeutic intervention. Taken together these data call into question the utility of tumor rechallenge studies and the use of naïve animals as controls to demonstrate therapy-induced formation of long-term tumor immunity.

Mining Visual Phrases for Visual Robot Localization

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanji Tanaka ◽  
◽  
Yuuto Chokushi ◽  
Masatoshi Ando
Keyword(s):  
Visual Experience ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Single View ◽  
Visual Patterns ◽  
Recent Success ◽  
Visual Phrases

We propose a discriminative and compact scene descriptor for single-view place recognition that facilitates long-term visual SLAM in familiar, semi-dynamic, and partially changing environments. In contrast to popular bag-of-words scene descriptors, which rely on a library of vector quantized visual features, our proposed scene descriptor is based on a library of raw image data (such as an available visual experience, images shared by other colleague robots, and publicly available image data on the Web) and directly mine it to find visual phrases (VPs) that discriminatively and compactly explain an input query/database image. Our mining approach is motivated by recent success achieved in the field of common pattern discovery – specifically mining of common visual patterns among scenes – and requires only a single library of raw images that can be acquired at different times or on different days. Experimental results show that, although our scene descriptor is significantly more compact than conventional descriptors, its recognition performance is relatively high.

Polls leave room for late election surge in Costa Rica

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
National Integration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Citizen Action ◽  
Run Off

Subject Costa Rica election preview. Significance As campaigning enters its final stages ahead of the February 4 presidential and legislative elections, the opposition National Liberation Party (PLN) leads the polls. However, popular frustration with the established political parties has led to a surge in momentum for the National Integration Party (PIN), which looks likely to trigger a second round run-off. Impacts The legislative polls will dictate how much clout the president has in Congress, with no one party looking set for a majority. The incumbent Citizen Action Party (PAC) will perform poorly due to Solis’s perceived ineffectiveness and the ongoing ‘cementazo’ scandal. Renewed infrastructure investment could bring long-term benefits for trade and tourism.

Sri Lanka is likely to face early elections

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
National Party ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Party Discipline ◽  
Content Type

Subject Political instability in Sri Lanka. Significance Parliament resumed early last month after being prorogued by President Maithripala Sirisena. Sri Lanka’s National Unity Government (NUG), formed after the 2015 legislative elections, is a coalition between Sirisena’s Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) and Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe’s United National Party (UNP). Former President Mahinda Rajapaksa’s Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna (SLPP) leads the Joint Opposition (JO). According to the constitution, a two-thirds parliamentary majority would be required for Sirisena to bring forward the next legislative elections due in 2020. Impacts The breakdown in party discipline in parliament suggests instability will be a long-term feature of Sri Lankan politics. Judicial campaigns against the Rajapaksa family will intensify, despite its sustained political influence. Political uncertainty will cause the Sri Lankan rupee to fall further against the dollar.

Electoral Participation in the French Fifth Republic

1973 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Rosenthal ◽  
Subrata Sen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Spatial Model ◽  
Heuristic Model ◽  
Electoral Participation ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fifth Republic ◽  
Decision Making Model

Variations in second ballot abstention and blank and invalid ballot rates (over the cross-section of French election districts) are examined for all four legislative elections of the French Fifth Republic. Analysis was conducted primarily through a heuristic decision-making model and a spatial model developed from the theories of Riker, McKelvey, and Ordeshook, and Davis, Hinich, and Ordeshook.Abstentions appear to be primarily influenced by long-term factors and the competitiveness of the contest. Blank ballots appear to be primarily dependent upon short-term factors, especially nonvoting from the alienation that results when a candidate present on the first ballot is not present on the second. The alienation model and the heuristic model, though partly collinear, make independent contributions to the explanation of the blank ballot variance.

Social Democracy Then and Now

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Page
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Democracy ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Constant Feature

C.A.R. Crosland (1956) The Future of Socialism, Jonathan Cape, London.Donald Sassoon (1997), One Hundred Years of Socialism, HarperCollins London. (First published by I.B.Tauris in 1996).John Callaghan (2000), The Retreat of Social Democracy, Manchester University Press, Manchester.Between them these three books provide an excellent overview of the theory and practice of social democracy as it has twisted and turned over the past century. As Sassoon reminds us in his magisterial review of the West European left, revisionism of one kind or another has been a constant feature of socialist discourse. The key question has always been whether such revisions have helped to bring about the transformation of capitalism (or, perhaps more realistically, its humanisation) or, in contrast, helped to secure its long-term survival. The first, and arguably the most controversial, revisionism of social democratic thought occurred in Germany at the end of the nineteenth century.

Pandemic has worsened several US societal problems

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Recent Success ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
The Impact

Significance While the pandemic has both amplified and illuminated areas of racial, gender and economic inequality, it has also overshadowed a range of worsening societal problems that had already reached crisis levels prior to COVID-19. Impacts Surging firearm sales during the pandemic and changing perceptions of policing will have long-term impacts on violence levels. The impact of the pandemic has reversed some recent success in containing the opioid epidemic and flattening suicide rates. Mental health services are at risk of cuts as they have lower reimbursement rates for providers than other healthcare provisions.

Democracy and social democracy

2018 ◽  
pp. 247-262
Author(s):  
Tony Wright
Keyword(s):  
Social Democracy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Past Generation ◽  
Hands On ◽  
The Face ◽  
Democratic Revolution ◽  
Place And Identity

The hands-on challenges involved in building up genuinely democratic mechanisms of self-government in Britain take a high profile in Tony Wright’s chapter focused on the democracy aspects within social democracy. Like it or not, Wright notes, the Brexit referendum was a remarkably successful democratic uprising, regardless of whether leaving the European Union is truly in the long-term interest of Britain and its citizenry. The defeat for the ‘Remain’ campaign underscored the weaknesses of the Labour party in the ‘politics of place and identity’, and renewed the imperative for social democrats to defend the liberal tradition in the face of nationalist and populist attacks. Despite all the setbacks that have undermined social democracy throughout the past generation, its ‘permanent revisionism’ is needed more than ever. Wright also notes that for all the problems, social democrats can take pride in the hard-fought public goods won through the years – better jobs, cleaner air, affordable health care – and forge ahead for a wholesale democratic revolution in Britain that renders a government more ‘decentralised, pluralised and participatory’.

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