scholarly journals Ethical Problems in the Nurse-Patient Relationship/Philosophy in Medicine: Conceptual and Ethical Issues in Medicine and Psychiatry (Book).

1984 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-253
Author(s):  
Ruth Schrock
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Philosophy In Medicine

Ethical Issues in a Drug Information Center

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1008-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Arnold ◽  
Julia C. Nissen ◽  
Norman A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Drug Information ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Health Provider ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Drug Identification ◽  
Information Center ◽  
Consumer Services

The frequency and nature of ethical issues faced by pharmacists have not been well documented. To address these issues a retrospective study of the potential ethical problems encountered by pharmacists in a drug information center was conducted. Of the 744 calls received over a 13-month period, 50 raised ethical issues. Consumer calls were more likely to raise ethical issues than were health-provider calls. The calls mainly fell into five categories: drug identification, assessment of a physician's recommendations for consumers, conflict between callers' needs and legal or public-health considerations, therapeutic issues in the pharmacist-patient relationship, and paternalistic treatment of “difficult” callers. These questions raised ethical issues related to confidentiality, truth telling, and pharmacists' societal obligations. Pharmacists may confront an increased number of ethical issues as more drug information centers provide consumer services. Although there is no empirical evidence regarding pharmacists' ability to deal with ethical issues, there are reasons to believe that training in medical ethics will better equip pharmacists to recognize, analyze, and resolve ethical dilemmas.

Ethical Issues in Clinical Psychology

2010 ◽  
pp. 183-210
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
American Psychological Association ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Ethics Code ◽  
Canadian Psychological Association

This chapter examines how ethical issues are approached differently by two prominent psychological associations, how they are encountered by psychologists, the formal complaints they give rise to, and how they can be approached systematically to avoid missteps. Included are basic assumptions about ethics; the unique approaches to developing a ethics code taken by the American Psychological Association (APA) and the Canadian Psychological Association (CPA), and what each of these two codes provides; empirical data about what ethical problems psychologists encounter and what formal complaints they face; four major sets of ethical issues that are particularly complex and challenging (confidentiality, informed consent, competence, and boundaries); an area of major controversy (clinical psychology and national security); steps in ethical decision-making; and four possible lines of future research.

scholarly journals Ethical issues relating to qualitative research

2005 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jelsma ◽  
S. Clow
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Scientific Rigour ◽  
Hands On

Qualitative research or naturalistic research has moved from the sidelines into the mainstream of health research and an increasing number of qualitative research proposals are being presented for ethical review Qualitative research presents ethical problems that which are unique to the intensive hands-on paradigm which characterises naturalistic research. This paper briefly outlines the most common methodologies used in this research. The four ethical principles of benevolence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice will be used as a framework to explore specific ethical issues related to this form of inquiry. The need for scientific rigour will also be explored as research that is scientifically unsound can never be ethical.

scholarly journals Audit Fee Research on Issues Related to Ethics

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. A1-A22 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Audit Quality ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Audit Fees ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
The Body ◽  
International Ethics ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Audit Fee ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Non Audit Services

SUMMARY Audit fees are related to important ethical issues for auditors. There has been increasing research on audit fees recently, including research on potential ethical risks regarding audit fees, which helps to illuminate some of these professional issues. The International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA) is very interested in this area and asked me to prepare a paper reviewing the relevant research. This summary reviews research that became available from 2006 to 2016 on four issues related to audit fees—fee level, dependence, non-audit fees, and firms that have a significant non-audit services business. Examining the research shows consistent evidence about two issues, namely that audit fees for new engagements are lower and that non-audit services affect independence in appearance. There are two further issues about which there is some concern. First, there are occasional studies reporting evidence that non-audit services provided by an auditor are associated with a loss of independence indicated by lower audit quality, even though most research does not support this conclusion. Second, there has been recent concern about growth in non-audit services to non-audit clients and there is some preliminary evidence that audit quality is lower in firms that have more extensive non-audit businesses. In general, although audit fee research does not convey a message that there are widespread ethical problems, the body of research shows that there are some risk areas.

ETHICAL ISSUES AND THE CORONAVIRUS EPIDEMIC

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Oleg Letov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
English Language ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Biomedical Ethics ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Precautionary Approach ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Health Advice ◽  
Analytical Review

The article is an analytical review of English-language articles on contemporary ethical issues related to the coronavirus epidemic. Such principles of biomedical ethics as respect for the freedom of the patient, non-harm are analyzed. A precautionary approach is formulated, the main norms of which are practicality, impartiality, proportionality and justification. It is emphasized that public health advice and action should be part of a broader effort to gain and maintain confidence in the action taken. Reasonable trust requires a serious attitude to the ethical problems associated with the implementation of the intended ethical principles.

scholarly journals WHAT WE HAVE LOST FROM WHAT HAVE BEEN DONE: ETHICAL PROBLEMS OF THE SALVAGED SHIPWRECK CARGOES IN INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-234
Author(s):  
Hutomo Putra
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Underwater Cultural Heritage ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Archaeological Methods ◽  
Underwater Sites ◽  
Term Management

The struggling in the ethical issues of submerged underwater sites and underwater cultural heritage have been undertaking in Indonesia for the last two decades. During these 20 years, commercial companies in collaboration with the National Shipwreck Committee recovered and salvaged substantial numbers of material cargoes. Unfortunately, the majority of these operations occurred without the involvement of archaeologists and lack of proper and controlled archaeological methods and excavation techniques. Since 2010, the Indonesian Government has declared a moratorium that temporarily stopped all commercial survey and salvage activities, and prohibits the sale of the artefacts.  Nowadays, more than 190,000 artefacts raised by salvagers are currently stored at the National Shipwreck Committee warehouses near Jakarta, in Cileungsi, West Java, Indonesia. This study attempts to illustrate the disadvantages of the commercial salvage practices and the auction of salvaged artefacts. This research also discusses some recommendations to contribute to a more ethical system of protection and the long-term management of the Indonesian maritime cultural resources, including its existing collections from salvaged shipwreck sites that are stored at the National Shipwreck Committee warehouse today.

scholarly journals Ethical issues in computational pathology

2021 ◽  
pp. medethics-2020-107024
Author(s):  
Tom Sorell ◽  
Nasir Rajpoot ◽  
Clare Verrill
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Data Ethics ◽  
Slide Image ◽  
Data Protection Law ◽  
Computational Pathology

This paper explores ethical issues raised by whole slide image-based computational pathology. After briefly giving examples drawn from some recent literature of advances in this field, we consider some ethical problems it might be thought to pose. These arise from (1) the tension between artificial intelligence (AI) research—with its hunger for more and more data—and the default preference in data ethics and data protection law for the minimisation of personal data collection and processing; (2) the fact that computational pathology lends itself to kinds of data fusion that go against data ethics norms and some norms of biobanking; (3) the fact that AI methods are esoteric and produce results that are sometimes unexplainable (the so-called ‘black box’problem) and (4) the fact that computational pathology is particularly dependent on scanning technology manufacturers with interests of their own in profit-making from data collection. We shall suggest that most of these issues are resolvable.

Ethical Aspects of Using Virtual Reality in Psychiatry

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 94-94
Author(s):  
Oana Maria Isailă ◽  
◽  
Sorin Hostiuc ◽  
Filip Curcă ◽  
George Cristian Curcă ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Physician Patient Relationship ◽  
Additional Layer ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Physician Patient

"Virtual reality (VR), initially a form of entertainment has begun to find its way in healthcare practice. One of its main areas of interest is the treatment of psychiatric disorders. When using VR, the basic ethical principles underlying the physician-patient relationship should be respected, but they should be customized by the presence of an additional layer of complexity generated by the interposition of the virtual world. The physician-patient relationship is often multidirectional, often including a larger team of healthcare professionals, family members or acquaintances, working conjointly to optimize the medical care. Each time other participants are involved within this relationship, the complexity of the ethical issues tends to increase. For example, if the patient has decreased insight, it is possible that other persons must make some medical decisions – resulting a prioritization of beneficence compared to autonomy. Also, we must take into account the fact that many psychiatric symptoms can be seen as a form of “virtual reality” by the patient. The healthcare provider must take additional safety measures to minimize the harms made by VR techniques in psychiatric patients, by using methods that are individually tailored. The main aim of this paper is to debate the ethical aspects surrounding the applicability of virtual reality in treating psychiatric patients, with an emphasis on the elements that were mentioned earlier. "

Ethical Theories and Teaching Engineering Ethics

2015 ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Pritchard ◽  
Elaine E. Englehardt
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Engineering Ethics ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Ethical Theories ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
Theory To Practice ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Comprehensive Picture

As an area of academic study, engineering ethics focuses primarily on practical ethical issues. A primary aim of the study of practical ethics is to help students make good ethical decisions in whatever practical endeavors they may undertake, including in their chosen careers. The authors argue that reflection on the sorts of ethical problems that arise in engineering practice should be the starting point, with ethical theory coming into view primarily in this context. This is in contrast to a more “top-down” approach that tries to “apply” theory to practice only after laying out a spectrum of philosophically grounded theories, each of which attempts to give us a comprehensive picture of ethics, as such.

scholarly journals Etiek en Ou Testament. ’n Kritiese bespreking van Bybelse grondslae vir moderne etiese vraagstukke

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Van Rooy
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Problems

This article deals with the use of the Old Testament in seeking answers to modern ethical issues. A distinction must he made between the ethics of the Old Testament - a field for Old Testament scholars and the use of the Old Testament by modern Christians in answering their ethical problems. The article focuses on the hermeneutical problem and the use of the Old Testament in three publications is discussed to illustrate this problem. This is followed by a discussion of the hermeneutical problem as it relates to the use of the Old Testament in addressing ethical problems. The article stresses the need for sound hermeneutics and exegesis when using the Old Testament in ethical discussions.

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