Modeling heterogeneous technologies in the presence of sample selection: The case of dairy farms and the adoption of agri‐environmental schemes in France

There is a growing shortage of labour within the dairy industry. To address this the industry needs to attract more people and/or reduce the labour requirements on dairy farms. Current milk harvesting techniques contribute to both the labour requirements and the current labour shortage within the industry as the process is labour-intensive and necessitates long and unsociable working hours. Automated milking systems (AMS) have been in operation, albeit on a small scale, on commercial farms in Europe for a decade and may have the potential to address labour issues within the New Zealand dairy industry. A research programme has been established (The Greenfield Project) which aims to determine the feasibility of automated milking under New Zealand dairying conditions. A Fullwoods MERLIN AMS has been installed on a protoype farmlet and is successfully milking a small herd of 41 cows. Progress from the prototype Greenfields system offers considerable potential for implementing AMS in extensive grazing systems. Keywords: automated milking systems, dairy cattle, grazing, labour

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An evaluation of a strategic de-stocking regime for dairying to improve nitrogen efficiency and reduce nitrate leaching from dairy farms in nitrate-sensitive areas

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.2000.62.2401 ◽

2000 ◽

pp. 105-110

Author(s):

Cecile De Klein ◽

Jim Paton ◽

Stewart Ledgard

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Nitrate Leaching ◽

Management Practice ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Dairy Farms ◽

Nitrogen Efficiency ◽

Management Tool ◽

Pasture Production ◽

Leaching Losses ◽

Sensitive Areas

Strategic de-stocking in winter is a common management practice on dairy farms in Southland, New Zealand, to protect the soil against pugging damage. This paper examines whether this practice can also be used to reduce nitrate leaching losses. Model analyses and field measurements were used to estimate nitrate leaching losses and pasture production under two strategic de-stocking regimes: 3 months off-farm or 5 months on a feed pad with effluent collected and applied back to the land. The model analyses, based on the results of a long-term farmlet study under conventional grazing and on information for an average New Zealand farm, suggested that the 3- or 5-month de-stocking could reduce nitrate leaching losses by about 20% or 35-50%, respectively compared to a conventional grazing system. Field measurements on the Taieri Plain in Otago support these findings, although the results to date are confounded by drought conditions during the 1998 and 1999 seasons. The average nitrate concentration of the drainage water of a 5-month strategic de-stocking treatment was about 60% lower than under conventional grazing. Pasture production of the 5-month strategic de-stocking regime with effluent return was estimated based on data for apparent N efficiency of excreta patches versus uniformlyspread farm dairy effluent N. The results suggested that a strategic de-stocking regime could increase pasture production by about 2 to 8%. A cost/ benefit analysis of the 5-month de-stocking system using a feed pad, comparing additional capital and operational costs with additional income from a 5% increase in DM production, show a positive return on capital for an average New Zealand dairy farm. This suggests that a strategic destocking system has good potential as a management tool to reduce nitrate leaching losses in nitrate sensitive areas whilst being economically viable, particularly on farms where an effluent application system or a feed pad are already in place. Keywords: dairying, feed pads, nitrate leaching, nitrogen efficiency, productivity, strategic de-stocking

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PENGARUH PARTISIPASI ANGGARAN, ASIMETRI INFORMASI, TEKANAN ANGGARAN DAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI TERHADAP SENJANGAN ANGGARAN DI PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN BANYUMAS

Jurnal Organisasi dan Manajemen ◽

10.33830/jom.v13i2.66.2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 142-153

Author(s):

Ody Tegar Permana ◽

Eliada Herwiyanti ◽

I Wayan Mustika

Keyword(s):

Organizational Commitment ◽

Information Asymmetry ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Sample Selection ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Budgetary Slack ◽

Budgetary Participation ◽

Independent Variable ◽

Spss Software ◽

Government Institution

This study aims to determine the effect of budgetary participation, information asymmetry, budget pressure, and organizational commitment to budgetary slack. Population in this research is all government institution in Banyumas Regency. The sample selection was conducted by census method. Dependent variable used in this research is budget slack, while the independent variable used in this research is budget participation, information asymmetry, budget pressure, and organizational commitment. The data has been collected through questionnaires, then processed with the help of SPSS software. Based on the results of multiple linear regression analysis concluded that budgetary participation, information asymmetry, and organizational commitment affect the budget slack while budget pressure has no effect. The results of this study increasingly complement previous studies in the field of management accounting, especially in the scope of budgeting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh partisipasi anggaran, asimetri informasi, tekanan anggaran, dan komitmen organisasi terhadap senjangan anggaran. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh instansi pemerintahan di Kabupaten Banyumas. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan metode sensus. Variabel dependen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah senjangan anggaran, sedangkan variabel independen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah partisipasi anggaran, asimetri informasi, tekanan anggaran, dan komitmen organisasi. Data yang telah dikumpulkan melalui isian kuesioner, selanjutnya diolah dengan bantuan software SPSS. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi linear berganda disimpulkan bahwa partisipasi anggaran, asimetri informasi, dan komitmen organisasi berpengaruh terhadap senjangan anggaran sedangkan tekanan anggaran tidak berpengaruh. Hasil penelitian ini semakin melengkapi penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya di bidang akuntansi manajemen khususnya di lingkup penganggaran.

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EVALUASI PROGRAM PEMODELAN DAN SIMULASI LABORATORIUM KIMIA PADA MAHASISWA CALON GURU

EDUSAINS ◽

10.15408/es.v8i2.4394 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 201-211

Author(s):

Yenni Kurniawati ◽

Yuni Fatisa

Keyword(s):

Mixed Method ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Sample Selection ◽

Product Evaluation ◽

Thinking Skills ◽

Laboratory Simulation ◽

Input Process ◽

Improvement Program ◽

Chemistry Students ◽

Process Product

Abstract Modeling and laboratory simulation can help overcome of cost obstacle, time, safety and other constraints in laboratory experiments. Many skills also had the opportunity to be fostered and promoted, especially in connection with the construction of thinking skills. However, the implementation of this program required an evaluation, in order to decided whether the program will be continuing or not, in addition its needed to found the focused of on overall quality of learning in order to make a recommendation in the decision making. This research was conducted by the mixed-method approached with triangulation design, in order to evaluate the effectiveness, problems or any obstacles of the implementation of the program. The population in this study was the third semester of pre-service chemistry students at UIN Syarif Kasim Sultan Riau, which was supported by lecturers, assistant laboratory and staf. The sample selection was done using random sampling techniques. Program evaluation in this study was conducted by the CIPP model (Context, Input, Process, Product). The results showed that the program was running quite effective when viewed from the overall average grades. The evaluation about context, inputs, processes and products had the good and very good score, in which the evaluation score of context and input, get the better score than process and product evaluation. This study recommends to be a continuing improvement program of modeling and simulation laboratories, both as an exercise before the experiments or replace the real experiments. Keywords: modeling; simulation lab; chemistry experiment Abstrak Pemodelan dan simulasi laboratorium dapat membantu mengatasi kendala biaya, waktu, alasan keselamatan dan kendala lainnya dalam praktikum di laboratorium kimia. Beragam kemampuan lain juga berkesempatan untuk ditumbuh-kembangkan terutama dalam kaitannya dengan konstruksi berfikir. Meskipun demikian, implementasi pelaksanaan program ini memerlukan evaluasi, guna memutuskan apakah program ini layak dilanjutkan ataukah tidak, selain karena diperlukannya penemuan terhadap fokus peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran secara menyeluruh guna menghasilkan rekomendasi dalam menentukan keputusan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan mixed-method desain triangulasi, guna mengevaluasi sebab-sebab efektifitas, kendala ataupun kegagalan pelaksanaan program. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa semester III jurusan Pendidikan Kimia UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, yang didukung oleh dosen, asisten laboratorium dan laboran dan pemilihan sampel dilakukan menggunakan teknik random sampling. Evaluasi program dalam penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan model CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program ini berjalan cukup efektif jika dilihat dari rata-rata keseluruhan nilai, mulai dari context, input, proses dan produk yang berada pada skor baik dan sangat baik, di mana skor evaluasi context dan input, lebih baik dibanding proses dan produk. Penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi untuk terus meningkatkan penggunaan pemodelan dan simulasi laboratorium kimia, baik sebagai latihan sebelum praktikum maupun menggantikan praktikum yang sesungguhnya. Kata Kunci: pemodelan; simulasi laboratorium; praktikum kimia Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/es.v8i2.4394

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Population dynamics ofCulicoides imicolaandCulicoidesschultzeigp. in dairy farms in Israel

10.1603/ice.2016.93159 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Yuval Gotlieb

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Dairy Farms

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FEATURES OF FORMATION OF THE MAIN SYSTEMS AND ORGANS IN EARLY LARVAE OF MULLETS (LIZA AURATA, RISSO, 1810)

VESTNIK OF ASTRAKHAN STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY SERIES FISHING INDUSTRY ◽

10.24143/2073-5529-2017-1-98-106 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 98-106

Author(s):

Dariya Aleksandrovna Gavrilova ◽

Maria Pavlovna Grushko

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Sample Selection ◽

Early Ontogeny ◽

Basal Cells ◽

The Caspian Sea ◽

Liza Aurata ◽

Morphological Organization ◽

Organ Systems ◽

Major Organ ◽

Well Differentiated

The aim of this work was to study peculiarities of mullet morphological organization during early ontogeny. Sample selection was made on board Caspian research and development Institute of Fisheries’ research vessel in period from June to September, 2015 in Russian waters of the Caspian Sea. Larvae aged 10 days could be characterized by heterochrony in the development of major organ systems. Nervous system and sense organs were well developed. The eyeball had all membranes well-differentiated, in the retina all the layers were formed. The olfactory fossae had cells of 3 types: olfactory receptor cells, supporting cells and basal cells. There was observed intensive formation of respiratory, cardiovascular, excretory and digestive systems. The early development of the nervous system and sensory organs of the larvae indicated adaptation of mullet to active life.

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