Negative effects of climate warming on maize yield are reversed by the changing of sowing date and cultivar selection in Northeast China

Responses of crop growth to climate warming are fundamental to future food security. The response of crops to climate change may be subtly different at their growing stages. Close insights into the differentiated stage-dependent responses of crops are significantly important in making adaptive adjustments of crops’ phenological optimization and cultivar improvement in diverse cropping systems. Using the Agro-C model, we studied the influence of past climate warming on crops in typical cropping systems in China. The results showed that while the temperature had increased distinctly from the 1960s to 2000s, the temperature frequency distributions in the growth season of crops moved to the high-temperature direction. The low temperature days during the crop growth periods that suppress crop growth decreased in the winter wheat area in North and East China, rice and maize areas in Northeast China, and the optimum temperature days increased significantly. As a result, the above ground biomass (AGB) of rice and maize in Northeast China and winter wheat in North and East China increased distinctly, while that of rice in South China had no significant change. A comparison of the key growth periods before and after heading (silking) showed that the warming before heading (silking) made a great contribution to the increase in the AGB, especially for winter wheat.

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Cultivar selection can increase yield potential and resource use efficiency of spring maize to adapt to climate change in Northeast China

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ◽

10.1016/s2095-3119(20)63359-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 371-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zheng-e SU ◽

Zhi-juan LIU ◽

Fan BAI ◽

Zhen-tao ZHANG ◽

Shuang SUN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Resource Use ◽

Northeast China ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Resource Use Efficiency ◽

Cultivar Selection ◽

Spring Maize ◽

Use Efficiency

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Response of maize phenology to climate warming in Northeast China between 1990 and 2012

Regional Environmental Change ◽

10.1007/s10113-013-0503-x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 39-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Zhengguo Li ◽

Peng Yang ◽

Huajun Tang ◽

Wenbin Wu ◽

He Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Warming ◽

Northeast China

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Climate warming over 1961–2019 and impacts on permafrost zonation in Northeast China

Journal of Forestry Research ◽

10.1007/s11676-021-01403-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoying Li ◽

Huijun Jin ◽

Long Sun ◽

Hongwei Wang ◽

Ruixia He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Warming ◽

Northeast China

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Adapting to climate change for food security in the Rift Valley dry lands of Ethiopia: supplemental irrigation, plant density and sowing date

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859616000897 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 155 (5) ◽

pp. 703-724 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

A. MULUNEH ◽

L. STROOSNIJDER ◽

S. KEESSTRA ◽

B. BIAZIN

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Food Security ◽

Plant Density ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Supplemental Irrigation ◽

Dry Spells ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Improve Food Security ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

SUMMARYStudies on climate impacts and related adaptation strategies are becoming increasingly important to counteract the negative impacts of climate change. In Ethiopia, climate change is likely to affect crop yields negatively and therefore food security. However, quantitative evidence is lacking about the ability of farm-level adaptation options to offset the negative impacts of climate change and to improve food security. The MarkSim Global Climate Model weather generator was used to generate projected daily rainfall and temperature data originally taken from the ECHAM5 general circulation model and ensemble mean of six models under high (A2) and low (B1) emission scenarios. The FAO AquaCrop model was validated and subsequently used to predict maize yields and explore three adaptation options: supplemental irrigation (SI), increasing plant density and changing sowing date. The maximum level of maize yield was obtained when the second level of supplemental irrigation (SI2), which is the application of irrigation water when the soil water depletion reached 75% of the total available water in the root zone, is combined with 30 000 plants/ha plant density. It was also found that SI has a marginal effect in good rainfall years but using 94–111 mm of SI can avoid total crop failure in drought years. Hence, SI is a promising option to bridge dry spells and improve food security in the Rift Valley dry lands of Ethiopia. Expected longer dry spells during the shorter rainy season (Belg) in the future are likely to further reduce maize yield. This predicted lower maize production is only partly compensated by the expected increase in CO2 concentration. However, shifting the sowing period of maize from the current Belg season (mostly April or May) to the first month of the longer rainy season (Kiremt) (June) can offset the predicted yield reduction. In general, the present study showed that climate change will occur and, without adaptation, will have negative effects. Use of SI and shifting sowing dates are viable options for adapting to the changes, stabilizing or increasing yield and therefore improving food security for the future.

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APLICAÇÃO DE NITROGÊNIO COMPLEMENTAR VIA FOLIAR NA CULTURA DO MILHO SUBMETIDO AO DESPENDOAMENTO

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v18n1p123-132 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 123-132

Author(s):

CRIZ RENÊ ZANOVELLO ◽

FABIANO PACENTCHUK ◽

JAQUELINE HUZAR-NOVAKOWISKI ◽

GUILHERME ZAMBONIN ◽

ANTHONY HASEGAWA SANDINI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Maize Yield ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Leaf Nitrogen ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Negative Effect

RESUMO – O milho é uma planta monoica, e a geração de novos híbridos exige a remoção do pendão das plantas.Sabe-se que a remoção do pendão possui efeito negativo na produtividade da cultura. Contudo, a aplicação de Ncomplementar, via foliar, poderia minimizar essas perdas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar como o Ncomplementar afeta a produtividade e os componentes de rendimento da cultura do milho submetida ao despendoamento.O estudo foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 x 5, sendo duas safras(2014/15 e 2015/16), três momentos de despendoamento (sem despondoamento, arranquio de 2-3 folhas e arranquiode 4-5 folhas antes do pendoamento) e cinco doses de N complementar (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 L ha-1) aplicadas no estádio depré-pendoamento (VT). Não foi verificada interação N complementar X despendoamento para nenhuma das variáveisestudadas. A menor produtividade foi verificada no despendoamento de 4-5 folhas. A aplicação de N complementaraumentou a produtividade da cultura do milho, e a aplicação de 11,5 L ha-1 incrementou a produtividade em 448 kgha-1. O despendoamento diminuiu a produtividade da cultura do milho, quanto mais precoce o despendoamento, maisnegativo é o efeito na produtividade.Palavras-chave: Melhoramento genético, N complementar, pendoamento, produção de sementes, Zea mays.FOLIAR APPLICATION OF COMPLEMENTARY NITROGEN,IN MAIZE SUBJECTED TO DETASSELINGABSTRACT – Maize is a monoic plant and the generation of new hybrids requires the removal of the tassel from theplants, which has a negative effect on crop yield. However, the use of complementary leaf nitrogen (N) fertilization,could minimize the yield losses. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect os the application ofcomplementary N affects on yield of the maize crop subjected to detasseling. The study was carried out in a randomizedcomplete block design, with a 2 x 3 x 5 factorial scheme and four replications. Two growing seasons (2014/15 and2015/16), three detasseling moments (without detasseling, detasseling of 2-3 leaves, and detasseling of 4-5 leaves)and five doses of complementary N (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 L ha-1) applied at the VT stage. There was no interaction betweencomplementary N and detasseling for any of the variables studied. The lowest yield was verified with the detasselingof 4-5 leaves. The application of complementary N showed a positive effect on maize yield, and the application of 11.5L ha-1 of complementary N provided yield increase of 448 kg ha-1. The detasseling technique had negative effects onmaize crop yield, the earlier is the detasseling, the more negative is the effect on yield.Keywords: Genetic improvement, Seed production, tasseling, Zea mays.

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Influence of Tillage on the Mollisols Physicochemical Properties, Seed Emergence and Yield of Maize in Northeast China

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11100939 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 939

Author(s):

Qiang Chen ◽

Xingyi Zhang ◽

Li Sun ◽

Jianhua Ren ◽

Yaru Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Northeast China ◽

Soil Structure ◽

Aggregate Stability ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Emergence Period

Tillage practices are critical for sustaining soil quality necessary for successful crop growth and productivity, but there are only few studies for strip tillage (ST) in the Mollisols region of Northeast China at present. A long-term (≥10-year) study was carried out to investigate the influence of within the tilled row (IR) and between rows (BR) in ST (10-year), conventional tillage (CT, 14-year) and no tillage (NT, 14-year) treatments on soil physicochemical properties. Soil samples were taken in May of 2019 at 0–5, 5–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm depths and used to analyze bulk density (BD), soil aggregate distribution and stability, and soil organic carbon (SOC). Meanwhile, our study also explored the differences in seed emergence, soil moisture, and temperature during the seed emergence period, and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) among the different treatments. Similar soil properties were observed between ST-BR and NT, which showed they had a significantly greater BD, >0.25 mm water stable aggregate content (WR0.25) (especially in the amount of >2 mm and 1–2 mm size proportion), aggregate stability, and SOC than ST-IR and CT-IR at a depth of 0–20 cm. By improving soil conditions of seedbed, ST-IR and CT-IR increased soil temperature above NT by 1.64 °C and 1.80 °C, respectively, and ST-IR had a slight greater soil moisture than CT-IR in the top 10 cm layer during the seed emergence period. Late maize seed emergence was observed NT in than ST-IR and CT-IR and the average annual yields in ST were slightly greater than NT and CT, but the differences were not significant. Our results also showed that CT-BR had a poor soil structure and lower SOC than other treatments at 0–30 cm depth. We conclude from these long-term experimental results that ST could improve soil water-heat conditions to promote seed germination, maintain soil structure, and increase the maize yield and it should be applied in the Mollisols region of Northeast China.

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Evaluation of soybean breeding lines by examining their responses to sowing date and row spacing

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9870721 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 721 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

IA Rose

Keyword(s):

Protein Concentration ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Photoperiod Sensitivity ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Cultivar Selection ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Oil Concentration ◽

Standard Cultivar ◽

Late Sowing

Seven genotypes, including 5 in the final stages of cultivar selection, were evaluated for their phenological development, yield, seed size, oil concentration and protein concentration in response to changes in sowing date and row spacing over 3 seasons, 1982-83, 1983-84and 1984-85. Genotype x sowing date interactions were detected for both phenological development and yield, particularly with the cultivar Sxy 59. This genotype was most affected by temperature during the pre-flowering phase of early November sowings. It was lower yielding in November sowings but was the highest yielding genotype in January sowings. Its adaptation to January sowings was unexpected because this genotype also showed high photoperiod sensitivity and flowered and matured rapidly in the late sowings. With early sowing, yield of the other cultivars was equivalent, or superior to (P=0.05), that obtained with the recommended early December sowing date, depending on the season. Late sowings caused yield reductions of about 34%. Increases in yield with narrow rows (50 v. 100 cm) were significant (P = 0.05) in 1 season and averaged 5% overall. Genotypexrow spacing interactions were only detected in 1 season, but no genotype was superior to the standard cultivar, Forrest, in adaptation to narrow rows. Thus this study revealed genotype responses which would affect adoption of newly released cultivars. It was concluded that this type of study is valuable in the final stages of a selection program and that these studies should include both early and late sowing dates and be conducted over several seasons.

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Evaluating the Yield Response of Maize (Zea mays L.) and Rice (Oryza sativa L.) to Future Climate Variability in The Gambia

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v7i2.14664 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Ebrima Sonko ◽

Sampson K. Agodzo ◽

Philip Antwi-Agyei

Keyword(s):

Climate Variability ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Future Climate ◽

Yield Response ◽

Climate Data ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Yield Data ◽

Maize Cultivars

Climate change and variability impact on staple food crops present a daunting challenge in the 21st century. The study assesses future climate variability on maize and rice yield over a 30-year period by comparing the outcomes under two GCM models, namely, CSIRO_RCP4.5 and NOAA_RCP4.5 of Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration respectively. Historical climate data and yield data were used to establish correlations and then subsequently used to project future yields between 2021 and 2050. Using the average yield data for the period 1987-2016 as baseline yield data, future yield predictions for 2021-2030, 2031-2040 and 2041-2050 were then compared with the baseline data. The results showed that the future maize and rice yield would be vulnerable to climate variability with CSIRO_RCP4.5 showing increase in maize yield whilst CSIRO_RCP4.5 gives a better projection for rice yield. Furthermore, the results estimated the percentage mean yield gain for maize under CSIRO_RCP4.5 and NOAA_ RCP4.5 by about 17 %, 31 % and 48 % for the period 2021-2030, 2031-2040 and 2041-2050 respectively. Mean rice yield lossess of -23 %, -19 % and -23 % were expected for the same period respectively. The study recommended the use of improved rice and maize cultivars to offset the negative effects of climate variability in future.

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