scholarly journals Role of Anti-Viral Drugs in Combating SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sweta Kamboj ◽  
Rohit Kamboj ◽  
Shikha Kamboj ◽  
Rohit Dutt ◽  
Reeva Chabbra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Pox ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Novel Virus

Viruses are the eventual assertion of parasitism, they not only take nutriments from the host cell, apart from that they direct its metabolic machinery to amalgamate novel virus particle and to diminish the ability of flu viruses to reproduce in an individual antiviral drugs are used. When used as directed, antiviral drugs may help to lessen the duration of flu symptoms and may reduce the severity of common flu symptoms. Antiviral drugs are the class of drugs which comes under the antimicrobials, and that also accommodates the larger group i.e. of antibiotics. They are broad-spectrum in nature and can be effective against a wide range of viruses. They can be used as a single drug as well as in combination of drugs. Antiviral drugs are dissimilar from the antibiotics, they do not demolish their target pathogen ideally they obstruct development of pathogen. To the greatest extent antiviral drugs currently accessible are delineate to deal with herpes viruses, covid-19, HIV, the hepatitis b and c viruses herpes simplex, small pox, picornavirus and influenza a and b viruses etc. Scientists are searching to drag out the range of antiviral to the other families of pathogens. They mainly act by inhibiting the attachment of viruses on cells, prevent genetic reproduction of virus, prevent viral protein production and vital for production of virus. The emanation of antiviral is generally the outcome about an appreciably expanded skills or proficiency of the generative, microscopic and atomic activity of organisms, allowing biomedical analyst to acknowledge the structure, mechanism of action and activity of viruses, significant progress within the procedure for come across the current drugs. Coronavirus 2019 (COVID 19) is highly infectious disease triggered by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome) coronavirus 2 causing nearly 2.9 million deaths worldwide. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the repurposing of antiviral drugs has come into picture.

Characterization of proteins with Siaα2-3/6Gal-linked glycans from bovine milk and role of their glycans against influenza A virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 5198-5208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanjie Yu ◽  
Yaogang Zhong ◽  
Zhiwei Zhang ◽  
Xiawei Liu ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
Bovine Milk Proteins

The bovine milk proteins have a wide range of functions, but the role of the attached glycans in their biological functions has not been fully understood yet.

scholarly journals Novel immunogenomic insights of corona virus disease (COVID-19): Available potential immunotherapeutics, current challenges, immune cell recognition and ongoing managerial strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3906-3915
Author(s):  
Kabeer Haneef ◽  
Muhammad Umer Asghar ◽  
Ashiq Ali
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Managerial Strategies ◽  
Spread Of Infection

The emerging Corona virus strain (severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)) harbors intricate in the development of corona virus infection (COVID-19)-induced pneumonia and subsequently ameliorates lung infection. Genome sequence and interventions reveal proximal resemblance of corona virus strain COVID-19 with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), transmittable to bats, suggesting similar primary hosts in the spread of infection. However, potential rapid human-to-human transmission has caused therapeutic challenges in treating a wide range of humans suffering from corona virus all over the world. However, up to now, no direct vaccines or antiviral drugs are available to treat COVID-19. Previously designed antiviral drugs and convalescent plasma are undergoing investigations as treatment for COVID-19 infected patients. Therapeutic challenges with regards to COVID-19 have prompted scientists to develop fruitful remedies to combat the pathogen. In this review, we address the role of current ongoing therapeutic strategies, , and complex mechanisms of adaptive immune system (B and T cells) to respond to viruses. Furthermore, we illustrate the current challenges in the treatment of COVID-19, managerial strategies, and ongoing and future perspectives.

Nanomaterial: A Sustainable Way to Fight against COVID-19

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atish K. Maldhure
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Causative Pathogen ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
Almost All

Abstract:: Nanotechnology is multidisciplinary science which deals with physics, chemistry, materials science, and engineering sciences. The applications of Nanotechnology cover almost all the branches of science and technology. In late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 virus becomes caused to infection of coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19). The outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) becomes challenge to Hospitals and laboratories, due to the large number samples comes for testing the presence of the causative pathogen. Many Scientist and researchers are devotedly working on to find out rapid immunodiagnostic methods to find positive cases. Nano based drugs offer a new therapeutic scheme against the wide range of bacterial pathogens. In this review article, I try to focus on the role of nanomaterial fighting against COVID-19.

Portentous arrangements: Bernard Herrmann and The Man Who Knew Too Much

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Pomerance
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Film Production ◽  
Working Relationship ◽  
Television Programs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Symphonic Work ◽  
A Performance

While Herrmann's twenty-four successful and one failed collaboration with Hitchcock – including films and television programs – featured compositional scoring to some degree, Herrmann's work on The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956) is a peculiar deviation in the pattern of their regular working relationship because there are only a very small number of composed cues. The bulk of Herrmann's work on this film, which involved some considerable legal machinations, consisted of two very different kinds of contribution, each of which can tell us something about the composer's talents, diligence, and sensitivity to film production. On one hand he was called upon to arrange "received" music, and this in a wide range from Moroccan folk tunes to elaborate symphonic work, and including the traditionalist hymn, "The Portents." On the other, he became a member of the cast, on this one occasion only in his filmic work with Hitchcock, playing the role of a conductor at a performance in the Royal Albert Hall. This chapter argues that, since the overall score of the film is essentially an acoustic quilt, we find here evidence of a talent for assemblage and backgrounding that Herrmann does not have opportunity to show in his other work with Hitchcock.

CORONA EPIDEMIC (COVD 19) BETWEEN SHARIA AND MEDICINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyad Tareq HAMMOODI
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Wide Group ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Main Factor

The Corona epidemic is a wide group of viruses that include viruses that can cause a group of illnesses in humans, ranging from the common cold to severe acute respiratory syndrome, as there is no definitive and specific treatment for the epidemic. The medicines used are helpful and supportive, and they mostly aim to reduce the patient’s temperature with the use of pulmonary resuscitation devices, as the body’s resistance depends on autoimmunity, as it is the main factor in preventing this epidemic, and here we must know the role of medical and forensic scholars in preventing and treating With what appears from this epidemic and other epidemics, we do not know when and how they will appear to the world. The emergence of this disease is an extension of several diseases before it and the so-called (contemporary diseases), which are contagious communicable diseases, including bird flonza disease, swine flonza, sass and AIDS, mad cow disease, Ebola, human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus, yellow fever, and many others These diseases are epidemic.

scholarly journals The Pathophysiology of Repurposed Antiviral Drugs for treatment of COVID-19 Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (supplement) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Adnan Haider ◽  
Muhammad Faheem ◽  
Sayed Babar Jamal ◽  
Muhammad Naeem ◽  
Atif Ali Khan Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Novel Virus

Our planet earth has seen many viral pandemics The most recent pandemic was Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) commonly called Corona Virus disease (COVID-19). It was first reported inWuhan Peoples Republic of China, in December 2019. COVID-19 is a positive-sense single-strand enveloped RNA virus mainly found in mammals. To date, a total of six species of coronavirus have been reported that affected humans. These mainly cause respiratory, hepatic, enteric, and neurological complications. Since it is a novel virus, different therapies were used for the treatment These measures comprised of mostly repurposing of already available drugs, more specifically antiviral drugs. In this review article, we have summarized the virus- host relation and chemical structure and also discussed in detail the proposed mechanism of these repurposed antivirals drugs.

scholarly journals Blockchain and AI-Based Solutions to Combat Coronavirus (COVID-19)-like Epidemics: A Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinh C. Nguyen ◽  
Ming Dinh ◽  
Pubudu N. Pathirana ◽  
Aruna Seneviratne
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
User Privacy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Drug Manufacturing ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
The One

The beginning of 2020 has seen the emergence of coronavirus outbreak caused by a novel virus called SARS-CoV-2. The sudden explosion and uncontrolled worldwide spread of COVID-19 show the limitations of existing healthcare systems to timely handle public health emergencies. In such contexts, innovative technologies such as blockchain and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have emerged as promising solutions for fighting coronavirus epidemic. On the one hand, blockchain can combat pandemics by enabling early detection of outbreaks, protecting user privacy, and ensuring reliable medical supply chain during the outbreak tracking. On the other hand, AI provides intelligent solutions for identifying symptoms caused by coronavirus for treatments and supporting drug manufacturing. Motivated by these, in this paper we present an extensive survey on the use of blockchain and AI for combating coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemics based on the rapidly emerging literature. First, we introduce a new conceptual architecture which integrates blockchain and AI specific for COVID-19 fighting. Particularly, we highlight the key solutions that blockchain and AI can provide to combat the COVID-19 outbreak. Then, we survey the latest research efforts on the use of blockchain and AI for COVID-19 fighting in a wide range of applications. The newly emerging projects and use cases enabled by these technologies to deal with coronavirus pandemic are also presented. Finally, we point out challenges and future directions that motivate more research efforts to deal with future coronavirus-like epidemics.

scholarly journals Convalescent Plasma Therapy: a Possible Treatment of COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-47
Author(s):  
Shubha Devi Sapkota ◽  
Monika Sharma ◽  
Gehendra Bhusal
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Severe Infections

COVID 19 is a newly recognized infectious disease that has rapidly spread with no verified treatment available. It is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). In Convalescent plasma therapy, the yellowish liquid or the plasma from the recovered blood is used to treat the patient suffering from the same illness. For more than 100 years it has been used to treat severe infections with varying degrees of success. For this present infection, multiple clinical trials on plasma therapy are still under vigorous investigations. Despite the very low chance of risks like allergies, lung damage, and transmission of blood-related infection, the therapy has shown a positive result in the recovery of the patients. Many experts are observing its use as a “stopgap measure” until effective vaccines and antiviral drugs are available in a wide range. However, the main challenges faced are finding suitable donors, its expensiveness in the whole procedure, and inability to perform on a large scale. In this commentary, summarization of the convalescent plasma therapy is done as a hopeful alternative therapy of severe or critical COVID 19. It has also emphasized the promising results shown since the past while the use of this therapy in various infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-coronavirus 2 Interstitial Bilateral Pneumonia: A Case Report and Review of Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (T1) ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
Danilo Coco ◽  
Silvana Leanza
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Novel Virus

In December 2019, novel cases of pneumonia were reported for the 1st time in Wuhan, Hubei, China. A novel virus of the big family of coronavirus (COV) was identified as the pathogen, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The disease is called COV Disease-19 and then SARS-COV 2. The infectious disease has spread worldwide with major number of patients in China, Italy, Spain, France, and the USA. On March 11, 2020, the WHO declared the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 a pandemic. Morbidity and mortality of the disease cannot yet estimate but have already seen that lethality appears to be particularly higher in older patients. The aim of this article is to present a characteristic clinical picture as case report SARS-COV 2 pneumonia and to provide an overview of the existing literature.

scholarly journals Emergence in Biopharmaceuticals: The Role of Gedunin and Nimbin from Azadirachta indica as a potential cure for SARS CoV-2 and other viral diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
charunayan kamath ◽  
Archanna J
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Effective Remedy

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus 2 –SARS CoV- 2 has affected over 170 million people worldwide out of which 3.5 million have lost their lives so far. There is no effective remedy for this highly contagious disease to date. This study examines the effect of Gedunin and Nimbin, one of the constituents of Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica), especially as a possible prophylactic element and a remedy for Covid-19 using computational methods. Other main constituents of the neem leaves such as Azadirachtin and Nimbidin may also work as an active antiviral. This study was initiated by the insights gained from the traditional method of controlling respiratory ailments. We propose ‘Emergence’ as the property that dictates the need to use Gedunin and Nimbin along with the other bioactive components of neem leaves as adjuvants against coronaviruses and other viral diseases

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