The Social Preconditions of Radical Scepticism

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 68-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Political System ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Holding Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Radical Scepticism

Starting with Pascal's arguments against scepticism, this essay seeks to locate within the social structure the niche in which radical scepticism tends to flourish. The Brahminical sceptical tradition is compared with western idealist movements in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and with sceptical trends of today. A social position that combines considerable privilege with lack of influence in an arbitrarily powerful political system gives rise to moral contradictions and insoluble problems. In such a position a denial of the reality of the world indicates a level of thought in which intellectual coherence may be possible. The converse situation, where claiming authority and holding power seem feasible, is more compatible with affirmation of reality than with its negation.

scholarly journals Poetry as a Social Document: The Social Position of the Arab Woman as Reflected in the Poetry of Nizâr Qabbânî

1975 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-494
Author(s):  
Arieh Loya
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Harsh Environment ◽  
Arab Woman ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Nomadic Life ◽  
Social Document

No other people in the world, perhaps, have given more information in their poetry on their cultural and social life than have the Arabs over the centuries. Many years before the advent of Islam and long before they had any national political organization, the Arabs had developed a highly articulate poetic art, strict in its syntax and metrical schemes and fantastically rich in its vocabulary and observation of detail. The merciless desert, the harsh environment in which the Arabs lived, their ever shifting nomadic life, left almost no traces of their social structure and the cultural aspects of their life. It is only in their poetry – these monuments built of words – that we find such evidence, and it speaks more eloquently than cuneiform on marble statues ever could.

Colonization, Decolonization, and Power: Ruptures and Critical Junctures Out of Dominance

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Liu ◽  
Felicia Pratto
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
National Identity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Critical Junctures ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
European Colonization ◽  
Historical Trajectory ◽  
The Impact

Colonization and decolonization are theorized at the intersection of Critical Junctures Theory and Power Basis Theory. This framework allows human agency to be conceptualized at micro-, meso-, and macro-levels, where individuals act on behalf of collectives. Their actions decide whether critical junctures in history (moments of potential for substantive change) result in continuity (no change), anchoring (continuity amid change with new elements), or rupture. We apply this framework to European colonization of the world, which is the temporal scene for contemporary social justice. Several critical junctures in New Zealand history are analyzed as part of its historical trajectory and narrated through changes in its symbology (system of meaning) and technology of state, as well as the identity space it encompasses (indigenous Māori and British colonizers). The impact of this historical trajectory on the social structure of New Zealand, including its national identity and government, is considered and connected to the overarching theoretical framework.

scholarly journals Rola języka w uwalnianiu się z dziedzicznych traum

Politeja ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2(65)) ◽  
pp. 189-204
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Marcol
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Village

The Role of Language in Releasing from Inherited Traumas. Negotiations of the Social Position of the Silesian Minority in Serbian Banat The aim of the paper is to show the dependence between language, collective memory (also post-memory) and sense of identity. This issue is analysed using the example of an ethnic minority living in the village of Ostojićevo (Banat, Serbia) called ‘Toutowie.’ Their ancestors came in the 19th century from Wisła (Silesian Cieszyn, Poland); they left their homes because of great hunger and were looking for jobs in Banat. Narratives about the past contain traumatic experiences of the past generations transmitted in the Silesian dialect and constituting communicative memory. At the same time, a new Polish national identity is being constructed, supported by institutions and authorities; it carries a new image of the world and creates a new cultural memory. This new identity – shaped on the basis of national categories – leads to changes of its self-identification and gives the opportunity to raise its social position in the multi-ethnic Banat community.

Inhabitants of heritage: the dwellers of an Italian Renaissance palace and their problematic eviction in Ferrara, 1900–1940

Urban History ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Michele Nani
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Italian Renaissance ◽  
Housing Problem ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Post War ◽  
Urban Demography ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract This article examines the eviction of tenants and squatters from a Renaissance palace in Ferrara, purchased by the Italian state in 1920. The case stands at the crossroads of three processes in European history between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: the social and material ‘decadence’ of aristocratic residences, the birth of ‘national heritage’ and preservation policies and the explosion of the ‘housing problem’, following changes in urban demography and social structure. Considering a large range of sources, the article offers new insight into the conflict between different urban bureaucracies and inside them. It also explores the different forms of agency of working-class dwellers against the background of troubled post-war years followed by the advent of fascism.

scholarly journals Psychologies of not Knowing

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Ruck ◽  
Katharina Hametner ◽  
Alexandra Rutherford ◽  
Markus Brunner ◽  
Markus Wrbouscheck
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Social Location ◽  
Critical Race ◽  
Retirement Home ◽  
Feminist Standpoint ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

Social and liberation movements all over the world have acted on the premise that oppression is kept alive, among other ways, through psychological mechanisms. Feminist and critical race epistemologies such as “feminist standpoint theories” and “epistemological ignorance” suggest that there might be different forms of not knowing involved depending on the social location of the (not) knowing subject. In this paper we suggest that the concrete psychological mechanisms involved in not knowing or outright ignorance differ according to one’s position in the social fabric of oppression and privilege. Drawing on various critical psychological and psychoanalytic reflections, as well as interpreting selected passages from a group discussion among elderly retirement home residents in Vienna, we illustrate how social position is translated into lack of knowledge about systems of oppression and privilege

scholarly journals O LUGAR SOCIAL DA TEOLOGIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (125) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Francisco Aquino Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Kingdom Of God ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Geographical Space

Partindo do pressuposto de que toda teologia é social e de que a sociedade é uma realidade complexa e conflitiva, o artigo se confronta com a problemática do lugar social que a teologia cristã deve ocupar: seu a partir de onde e seu para quem. Começa explicitando em que sentido falamos de lugar social (espaço físico-geográfico, posição ou situação social, ponto de vista intelectivo) para se confrontar, em seguida, com a problemática do lugar social da teologia e explicitar em que sentido o mundo dos pobres e oprimidos constitui o lugar fundamental da teologia cristã: lugar privilegiado de acesso real ao reinado de Deus (seu assxmto ou "objeto); orientação fundamental do fazer teológico (seu para quem); lugar mais adequado de historicização e verificação da teoria teológica (sua verdade); princípio e critério de desideologização da teologia (sua prova de fogo). ABSTRACT: Assuming that ali theology is social and that society is a complex and conflicting reality, the article confronts the problem of social place that Christian theology should occupy: from where and to whom. The article begins by explaining in what sense we speak of social place (physical-geographical space, social position or situation, intellectual point of view). Next, this point is confronted with the problematic of the social place of Theology and clarify in what sense the world of poor and downtrodden constitutes the fimdamental place of Christian theology: a privileged place of real access to the Kingdom of God (its issue or "object "); fundamental orientation of doing theological (for whom); the most appropriate place of Historicizing and verification of theological theory (its truth); principie and criteríon of "de-ideologization" of theology (its test of fire). 

Children at Risk

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-86
Author(s):  
Canan Yildiz Çiçekler ◽  
Devlet Alakoç Pirpir
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Children At Risk ◽  
Divorced Families ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Children’S Exposure

Children's exposure to many risk factors such as; need for protection, living on the streets, working, abuse and neglected, pushed into crime, exposed to violence, obliged to immigrate due to war, living under socio-economic disadvantageous conditions, having chronic diseases, being a disabled child and living in divorced families can arise from both their families and from the social structure. Throughout the world, many children live at risk due to various reasons. Irrespective of the reasons, which risk group the children enter and the factors causing this situation should be examined. According to the obtained data, the factors causing to such situations should be determined and necessary precautions should be taken. Thus, the negative conditions, under which the children are, can be improved and the children can be reintegrated into society.

The Participation of Retarded Children in Junior High Academic and Nonacademic Regular Classes

1969 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 617-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chauncy N. Rucker ◽  
Clifford E. Howe ◽  
Bill Snider
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Special Class ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Educational Placement ◽  
The Social ◽  
Degree Of Acceptance ◽  
Educable Mentally Retarded ◽  
Regular Classes

A sociometric instrument was administered in 30 regular junior high classes to measure various aspects of the acceptance of 23 educable mentally retarded special class students participating in these classes with 1,010 nonretarded students. The retarded were found to be (a) significantly less accepted than the nonretarded, (b) equally low in the social structure of both the academic and nonacademic classes in which they participated, and (c) seemingly unaware of their low social position in regular classes. Their level of acceptance in the special class was positively related to their degree of acceptance in regular classes. A discussion of implications for educational placement and areas in need of further study concludes the article.

Socjalizacja i edukacja polityczna, jako ważne determinanty kultury politycznej

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 31-51
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Piwnicki
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Literal Sense ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

It is recognized that politics is a part of social life, that is why it is also a part of culture. In this the political culture became in the second half of the twentieth century the subject of analyzes of the political scientists in the world and in Poland. In connection with this, political culture was perceived as a component of culture in the literal sense through the prism of all material and non-material creations of the social life. It has become an incentive to expand the definition of the political culture with such components as the political institutions and the system of socialization and political education. The aim of this was to strengthen the democratic political system by shifting from individual to general social elements.

From the realism to the Real. The „suicidal gesture” in the photography Self Portrait as a Drowned Man by Hippolyte Bayard and in the painting The Wounded Man by Gustave Courbet

Tekstualia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (49) ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Justyna Pyra
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Social Position ◽  
The Real ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gustave Courbet ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Death Of The Author

The article begins with an analysis of two works of art: the photography Self Portrait as a Drowned Man by Hippolyte Bayard (1839–1840), which is one of the fi rst photographs in history, and the painting The Wounded Man by Gustave Courbet (1845–1854). Both these images use the same iconographic theme: the death of the author. This comparison leads to a refl ection about the intersections of photography and death, in an artistic as well as an anthropological sense. The similarity of the subject of both the works, and their rootedness in the time of creation, induce a variety of questions: what was the status of photography shortly after the invention of this medium? How did it affect the notion of art, the social position of the artist, the comprehension of realism, and fi nally – the perception of the world itself? The article tries to answer some of these questions by bringing out the picture of a specifi c moment in (art) history, when both man’s interest in death and the realist’s aspiration to create mimetic representations have found a new refl ection in art thanks to photography.

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