Migraine — New Perspectives from Chaos Theory

Cephalalgia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 561-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Kernick
Keyword(s):  
Chaos Theory ◽  
Sensory Integration ◽  
Cortical Control ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Physiological Systems

Converging from a number of disciplines, non-linear systems theory and in particular chaos theory offer new descriptive and prescriptive insights into physiological systems. This paper briefly reviews an approach to physiological systems from these perspectives and outlines how these concepts can be applied to the study of migraine. It suggests a wide range of potential applications including new approaches to classification, treatment and pathophysiological mechanisms. A hypothesis is developed that suggests that dysfunctional consequences can result from a mismatch between the complexity of the environment and the system that is seeking to regulate it and that the migraine phenomenon is caused by an incongruity between the complexity of mid brain sensory integration and cortical control networks. Chaos theory offers a new approach to the study of migraine that complements existing frameworks but may more accurately reflect underlying physiological mechanisms.

On cost-aware biased respondent group selection for minority opinion survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 1650061
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Donghyun Kim ◽  
Matthew Tetteh ◽  
Jun Liang ◽  
Wonjun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Relation ◽  
Survey Respondent ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Limited Budget ◽  
Polynomial Time Algorithms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Respondent Group ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Representative Selection ◽  
Relation Graph

This paper discusses a new approach to use a specially constructed social relation graph with high homophily to select a survey respondent group under a limited budget such that the result of the survey is biased to the minority opinions. This approach has a wide range of potential applications, e.g., collecting diversified complaints from the customers while most of them are satisfied, but is hardly investigated. We formulate the problem of computing such a group as the [Formula: see text]-biased-representative selection problem ([Formula: see text]-BRSP), where [Formula: see text] represents the size of the group constraint by the available budget. This problem has two independent optimization goals and therefore is difficult to deal with. We introduce two polynomial time algorithms for the problem, where each of which has an approximation ratio with respect to each of the objectives when the other optimization objective is substituted with a constraint. Under the substituted constraint, we prove that the first algorithm is an [Formula: see text]-approximation (which is best possible) algorithm with respect to the first objective and the second algorithm is a 2-approximation (which is best possible) with respect to the second objective, where [Formula: see text] is the degree of the input social relation graph.

scholarly journals Time Resolved Transient Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy Using Synchrotron Natural Polarisation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Auvray ◽  
David Dennetière ◽  
Alexandre Giuliani ◽  
Frédéric Jamme ◽  
Frank Wien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Dichroism ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Nano Structure ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
New Approach ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Acquisition Speed ◽  
Circular Dichroïsm

<a>Ultraviolet (UV) synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD) spectroscopy has made an important contribution to the determination and understanding of the structure of biomolecules. In this paper, we demonstrate an innovative time-resolved SRCD (tr-SRCD) technique, overcoming limitations of current broadband UV SRCD setups, to access ultrafast (down to nanoseconds) time-scales, previously measurable only by other techniques, such as infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fluorescence and absorbance spectroscopies and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The tr-SRCD setup takes advantage of the natural polarisation of the synchrotron radiation emitted by a bending magnet to record broadband UV CD faster than any current SRCD setup, improving the acquisition speed from 10 mHz to 130 Hz and the accessible temporal resolution by 11 orders of magnitude. We illustrate the new approach by following the photoisomerization of an azopeptide. This breakthrough in SRCD spectroscopy opens up a wide range of potential applications to the detailed characterisation of biological processes, such as protein folding, protein-ligand binding and DNA nano-structure formation.<br></a>

Time Resolved Transient Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy Using Synchrotron Natural Polarisation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Auvray ◽  
David Dennetière ◽  
Alexandre Giuliani ◽  
Frédéric Jamme ◽  
Frank Wien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Dichroism ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
New Approach ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Acquisition Speed ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Circular Dichroïsm

<a> </a><p><a></a><a>Ultraviolet (UV) synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD) spectroscopy has made an important contribution to the determination and understanding of the structure of bio-molecules. In this paper, we report an innovative</a> approach that we term time-resolved SRCD (tr-SRCD), which overcomes the limitations of current broadband UV SRCD setups. This technique allows accessing ultrafast time scales (down to nanoseconds), previously measurable only by other methods, such as infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fluorescence and absorbance spectroscopies and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The tr-SRCD setup takes advantage of the natural polarisation of the synchrotron radiation emitted by a bending magnet to record broadband UV CD faster than any current SRCD setup, improving the acquisition speed from 10 mHz to 130 Hz and the accessible temporal resolution by several orders of magnitude. We illustrate the new approach by following the isomers concentration changes of an azopeptide after a photoisomerisation. This breakthrough in SRCD spectroscopy opens up a wide range of potential applications to the detailed characterisation of biological processes, such as protein folding, protein-ligand binding.<a></a></p>

Time Resolved Transient Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy Using Synchrotron Natural Polarisation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Auvray ◽  
David Dennetière ◽  
Alexandre Giuliani ◽  
Frédéric Jamme ◽  
Frank Wien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Dichroism ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
New Approach ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Acquisition Speed ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Circular Dichroïsm

<a> </a><p><a></a><a>Ultraviolet (UV) synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD) spectroscopy has made an important contribution to the determination and understanding of the structure of bio-molecules. In this paper, we report an innovative</a> approach that we term time-resolved SRCD (tr-SRCD), which overcomes the limitations of current broadband UV SRCD setups. This technique allows accessing ultrafast time scales (down to nanoseconds), previously measurable only by other methods, such as infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fluorescence and absorbance spectroscopies and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The tr-SRCD setup takes advantage of the natural polarisation of the synchrotron radiation emitted by a bending magnet to record broadband UV CD faster than any current SRCD setup, improving the acquisition speed from 10 mHz to 130 Hz and the accessible temporal resolution by several orders of magnitude. We illustrate the new approach by following the isomers concentration changes of an azopeptide after a photoisomerisation. This breakthrough in SRCD spectroscopy opens up a wide range of potential applications to the detailed characterisation of biological processes, such as protein folding, protein-ligand binding.<a></a></p>

Factors Affecting Molecular Self-Assembly and Its Mechanism

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hueyling Tan
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Molecular Engineering ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dna Structures ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Wide Range

Molecular self-assembly is ubiquitous in nature and has emerged as a new approach to produce new materials in chemistry, engineering, nanotechnology, polymer science and materials. Molecular self-assembly has been attracting increasing interest from the scientific community in recent years due to its importance in understanding biology and a variety of diseases at the molecular level. In the last few years, considerable advances have been made in the use ofpeptides as building blocks to produce biological materials for wide range of applications, including fabricating novel supra-molecular structures and scaffolding for tissue repair. The study ofbiological self-assembly systems represents a significant advancement in molecular engineering and is a rapidly growing scientific and engineering field that crosses the boundaries ofexisting disciplines. Many self-assembling systems are rangefrom bi- andtri-block copolymers to DNA structures as well as simple and complex proteins andpeptides. The ultimate goal is to harness molecular self-assembly such that design andcontrol ofbottom-up processes is achieved thereby enabling exploitation of structures developed at the meso- and macro-scopic scale for the purposes oflife and non-life science applications. Such aspirations can be achievedthrough understanding thefundamental principles behind the selforganisation and self-synthesis processes exhibited by biological systems.

Extraction of DNA from a Wide Range of Objects by Treatment with Ammonium Salts

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
E.I. Levitin ◽  
B.V. Sviridov ◽  
O.V. Piksasova ◽  
T.E. Shustikova
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Dna Isolation ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Cell Wall Disruption ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
Mammalian Blood ◽  
Plasmid Extraction ◽  
Two Hybrid

Currently, simple, rapid, and efficient techniques for DNA isolation from a wide range of organisms are in demand in biotechnology and bioinformatics. A key (and often limiting) step is the cell wall disruption and subsequent DNA extraction from the disintegrated cells. We have developed a new approach to DNA isolation from organisms with robust cell walls. The protocol includes the following steps: treatment of cells or tissue samples with ammonium acetate followed by cell lysis in low-salt buffer with the addition of SDS. Further DNA extraction is carried out according to standard methods. This approach is efficient for high-molecular native DNA isolation from bacteria, ascomycetes, yeast, and mammalian blood; it is also useful for express analysis of environmental microbial isolates and for plasmid extraction for two-hybrid library screening. express method for DNA isolation; ammonium salt treatment (в русских ключевых такой порядок), osmotic breakage of cells This study was financially supported by the NRC "Kurchatov Institute"-GOSNIIGENETIKA Kurchatov Genomic Center.

scholarly journals A Slot-Die Technique for the Preparation of Continuous, High-Area, Chitosan-Based Thin Films

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1566
Author(s):  
Oliver J. Pemble ◽  
Maria Bardosova ◽  
Ian M. Povey ◽  
Martyn E. Pemble
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Mechanical Anisotropy ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
High Area ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Slot Die ◽  
Potential Applications

Chitosan-based films have a diverse range of potential applications but are currently limited in terms of commercial use due to a lack of methods specifically designed to produce thin films in high volumes. To address this limitation directly, hydrogels prepared from chitosan, chitosan-tetraethoxy silane, also known as tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and chitosan-glutaraldehyde have been used to prepare continuous thin films using a slot-die technique which is described in detail. By way of preliminary analysis of the resulting films for comparison purposes with films made by other methods, the mechanical strength of the films produced was assessed. It was found that as expected, the hybrid films made with TEOS and glutaraldehyde both show a higher yield strength than the films made with chitosan alone. In all cases, the mechanical properties of the films were found to compare very favorably with similar measurements reported in the literature. In order to assess the possible influence of the direction in which the hydrogel passes through the slot-die on the mechanical properties of the films, testing was performed on plain chitosan samples cut in a direction parallel to the direction of travel and perpendicular to this direction. It was found that there was no evidence of any mechanical anisotropy induced by the slot die process. The examples presented here serve to illustrate how the slot-die approach may be used to create high-volume, high-area chitosan-based films cheaply and rapidly. It is suggested that an approach of the type described here may facilitate the use of chitosan-based films for a wide range of important applications.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3185
Author(s):  
Linsey J. F. Peters ◽  
Alexander Jans ◽  
Matthias Bartneck ◽  
Emiel P. C. van der Vorst
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Research Field ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Cellular Receptors ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Physiological Systems

Atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which remain the number one contributor to mortality worldwide. Although current therapies can slow down disease progression, no treatment is available that can fully cure or reverse atherosclerosis. Nanomedicine, which is the application of nanotechnology in medicine, is an emerging field in the treatment of many pathologies, including CVDs. It enables the production of drugs that interact with cellular receptors, and allows for controlling cellular processes after entering these cells. Nanomedicine aims to repair, control and monitor biological and physiological systems via nanoparticles (NPs), which have been shown to be efficient drug carriers. In this review we will, after a general introduction, highlight the advantages and limitations of the use of such nano-based medicine, the potential applications and targeting strategies via NPs. For example, we will provide a detailed discussion on NPs that can target relevant cellular receptors, such as integrins, or cellular processes related to atherogenesis, such as vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Furthermore, we will underline the (ongoing) clinical trials focusing on NPs in CVDs, which might bring new insights into this research field.

scholarly journals Health Benefits of Uses and Applications of Moringa oleifera in Bakery Products

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Paula García Milla ◽  
Rocío Peñalver ◽  
Gema Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Functional Value ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Excellent Source

Moringa oleifera belongs to the Moringaceae family and is the best known of the native Moringa oleifera genus. For centuries, it has been used as a system of Ayurvedic and Unani medicine and has a wide range of nutritional and bioactive compounds, including proteins, essential amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, fibre, vitamins, minerals, phenolic compounds, phytosterols and others. These characteristics allow it to have pharmacological properties, including anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, cardioprotective, antimicrobial and hepatoprotective properties. The entire Moringa oleifera plant is edible, including its flowers, however, it is not entirely safe, because of compounds that have been found mainly in the root and bark, so the leaf was identified as the safest. Moringa oleifera is recognised as an excellent source of phytochemicals, with potential applications in functional and medicinal food preparations due to its nutritional and medicinal properties; many authors have experimented with incorporating it mainly in biscuits, cakes, brownies, meats, juices and sandwiches. The results are fascinating, as the products increase their nutritional value; however, the concentrations cannot be high, as this affects the organoleptic characteristics of the supplemented products. The aim of this study is to review the application of Moringa oleifera in bakery products, which will allow the creation of new products that improve their nutritional and functional value.

scholarly journals Sporulation in solventogenic and acetogenic clostridia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamou Diallo ◽  
Servé W. M. Kengen ◽  
Ana M. López-Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Sporulation Initiation ◽  
Solventogenic Clostridia

AbstractThe Clostridium genus harbors compelling organisms for biotechnological production processes; while acetogenic clostridia can fix C1-compounds to produce acetate and ethanol, solventogenic clostridia can utilize a wide range of carbon sources to produce commercially valuable carboxylic acids, alcohols, and ketones by fermentation. Despite their potential, the conversion by these bacteria of carbohydrates or C1 compounds to alcohols is not cost-effective enough to result in economically viable processes. Engineering solventogenic clostridia by impairing sporulation is one of the investigated approaches to improve solvent productivity. Sporulation is a cell differentiation process triggered in bacteria in response to exposure to environmental stressors. The generated spores are metabolically inactive but resistant to harsh conditions (UV, chemicals, heat, oxygen). In Firmicutes, sporulation has been mainly studied in bacilli and pathogenic clostridia, and our knowledge of sporulation in solvent-producing or acetogenic clostridia is limited. Still, sporulation is an integral part of the cellular physiology of clostridia; thus, understanding the regulation of sporulation and its connection to solvent production may give clues to improve the performance of solventogenic clostridia. This review aims to provide an overview of the triggers, characteristics, and regulatory mechanism of sporulation in solventogenic clostridia. Those are further compared to the current knowledge on sporulation in the industrially relevant acetogenic clostridia. Finally, the potential applications of spores for process improvement are discussed.Key Points• The regulatory network governing sporulation initiation varies in solventogenic clostridia.• Media composition and cell density are the main triggers of sporulation.• Spores can be used to improve the fermentation process.

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