Can Intranasal Corticosteroids Cause Migraine-Like Headache?

Cephalalgia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Pokladnikova ◽  
RHB Meyboom ◽  
J Vlcek ◽  
RI Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
World Health ◽  
Systemic Effects ◽  
Intranasal Corticosteroids ◽  
Suspect Drug ◽  
The World ◽  
International Data

Intranasal corticosteroids (INCs) act predominantly locally and are considered to exert minimal systemic effects. On reviewing the international data collected in the World Health Organization's global pharmacovigilance programme an unexpected cluster was found of 38 case reports of migraine in suspected connection with INCs. These reports came from five countries (May 2007) and concerned six different drugs. In all reports the INC was the sole suspect drug. In nine cases re-exposure to the drug had taken place, leading to the recurrence of the event in eight of these patients. However, INCs are mainly used for rhinitis, and there is a known connection between rhinitis and migraine. Although representing only 0.6% of the total of case reports, international pharmacovigilance data suggest that the use of INCs may cause or trigger migraine or migraine-like headache. Further study is needed to determine if the reported association is true or not and, if so, what the possible mechanism is.

Annual Summary of Vital Statistics—1976

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-804
Author(s):  
Myron E. Wegman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Nations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
The World ◽  
States Data ◽  
International Data ◽  
Health Organization

Data for this article, as in previous reports,1 are drawn principally from the Monthly Vital Statistics Report,2-5 published by the National Center for Health Statistics. The international data come from the Demographic Yearbook6 and the quarterly Population and Vital Statistics Report,7 both published by the Statistical Office of the United Nations, and the World Health Statistics Report,8 published by the World Health Organization. All the United States data for 1976 are estimates by place of occurrence based upon a 10% sample of material received in state offices between two dates, one month apart, regardless of when the event occurred. Experience has shown that for the country as a whole the estimate is very close to the subsequent final figures.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Assessment and Challenges of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-29
Author(s):  
Stephen Olaide Aremu ◽  
Emmanuel Olumuyiwa Onifade ◽  
Babatunde Fatoke ◽  
Samuel Olusegun Itodo ◽  
Oluwatosin Oladipo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
General Information ◽  
World Health ◽  
National Library ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into

The COVID-19 which belongs to the coronaviridae family has continued to spread in a geometric progression version. The disease that originated from Wuhan, Hubei, China has spread to all the continents of the World except Antarctica continent. As of the 5th of August, 2020 there are over 18 million reported cases of COVID-19 from 214 countries and territories of the world. More than 10 million people have recovered while approximately 696,147 people have died due to COVID-19. This review provides general information on the COVID-19 and gives deep insight into the course of the disease, interventions challenges and possible solutions in Nigeria “the giant of Africa”. Scientific databases including Science Direct, Pub Med, Elsevier, Scopus, and Nature were explored. Data has also been accessed from case reports, newspaper reports, internet data, World Health Organisation (WHO) reports, Centre of Disease Control (CDCs) and Nigerian Centre of Disease Control (NCDCs) reports. US National Library of Medicine, Clinicaltrials.gov, has been accessed to get information about ongoing clinical trials. The literature survey started in the first week of April, 2020 and was completed in the first week of August, 2020. The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients are generally categorized as critical, severe, moderate and mild or even asymptomatic in descending order in terms of severity. Predictions from experts in different parts of the World concerning the possible impact of the disease in Africa have been on the downside which is due to a lot of glaring factors including poor health facilities and services. 

scholarly journals Neurologic Manifestations of the World Health Organization's List of Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb R. S. McEntire ◽  
Kun-Wei Song ◽  
Robert P. McInnis ◽  
John Y. Rhee ◽  
Michael Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Hendra Virus ◽  
Marburg Virus ◽  
World Health ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
The World

The World Health Organization (WHO) monitors the spread of diseases globally and maintains a list of diseases with epidemic or pandemic potential. Currently listed diseases include Chikungunya, cholera, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Ebola virus disease, Hendra virus infection, influenza, Lassa fever, Marburg virus disease, Neisseria meningitis, MERS-CoV, monkeypox, Nipah virus infection, novel coronavirus (COVID-19), plague, Rift Valley fever, SARS, smallpox, tularemia, yellow fever, and Zika virus disease. The associated pathogens are increasingly important on the global stage. The majority of these diseases have neurological manifestations. Those with less frequent neurological manifestations may also have important consequences. This is highlighted now in particular through the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and reinforces that pathogens with the potential to spread rapidly and widely, in spite of concerted global efforts, may affect the nervous system. We searched the scientific literature, dating from 1934 to August 2020, to compile data on the cause, epidemiology, clinical presentation, neuroimaging features, and treatment of each of the diseases of epidemic or pandemic potential as viewed through a neurologist's lens. We included articles with an abstract or full text in English in this topical and scoping review. Diseases with epidemic and pandemic potential can be spread directly from human to human, animal to human, via mosquitoes or other insects, or via environmental contamination. Manifestations include central neurologic conditions (meningitis, encephalitis, intraparenchymal hemorrhage, seizures), peripheral and cranial nerve syndromes (sensory neuropathy, sensorineural hearing loss, ophthalmoplegia), post-infectious syndromes (acute inflammatory polyneuropathy), and congenital syndromes (fetal microcephaly), among others. Some diseases have not been well-characterized from a neurological standpoint, but all have at least scattered case reports of neurological features. Some of the diseases have curative treatments available while in other cases, supportive care remains the only management option. Regardless of the pathogen, prompt, and aggressive measures to control the spread of these agents are the most important factors in lowering the overall morbidity and mortality they can cause.

scholarly journals Serious adverse reactions associated with ivermectin: A systematic pharmacovigilance study in sub-Saharan Africa and in the rest of the World

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e0009354
Author(s):  
Jérémy T. Campillo ◽  
Michel Boussinesq ◽  
Sébastien Bertout ◽  
Jean-Luc Faillie ◽  
Cédric B. Chesnais
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Excellent Safety Profile ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
First Time

Background Ivermectin is known to cause severe encephalopathies in subjects infected with loiasis, an endemic parasite in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In addition, case reports have described ivermectin-related serious adverse drug reactions (sADRs) such as toxidermias, hepatic and renal disorders. The aim of this study was to identify suspected sADRs reported after ivermectin administration in VigiBase, the World Health Organization’s global individual case safety reports database and analyze their frequency relative to the frequency of these events after other antinematodal drugs reported in SSA and other areas of the world (ROW). Methods All antinematodal-related sADRs were extracted from VigiBase. Disproportionality analyses were conducted to investigate nervous, cutaneous, psychiatric, respiratory, renal, hepatic and cardiac suspected sADRs reported after ivermectin and benzimidazole drug administration across the world, in SSA and RoW. Principal findings 2041 post-ivermectin or post-benzimidazole suspected sADRs were identified including 667 after ivermectin exposure (208 in SSA and 459 in the RoW). We found an increased reporting for toxidermias, encephalopathies, confusional disorders after ivermectin compared to benzimidazole drug administration. Encephalopathies were not only reported from SSA but also from the RoW (adjusted reporting odds ratios [aROR] 6.30, 95% confidence interval: 2.68–14.8), highlighting the fact these types of sADR occur outside loiasis endemic regions. Conclusion We described for the first time suspected sADRs associated with ivermectin exposure according to geographical origin. While our results do not put in question ivermectin’s excellent safety profile, they show that as for all drugs, appropriate pharmacovigilance for adverse reactions is indicated.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Pulmonary Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Coinfection

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. e298-e298
Author(s):  
Redha Al Lawati ◽  
Nasser Al Busaidi ◽  
Rashid Al Umairi ◽  
Merah Al Busaidy ◽  
Hanan Hamed Al Naabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
World Health ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
First Case ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was classified as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020. It is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The virus affects mainly the human respiratory system. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) is another respiratory infection known to affect humans and may share joint clinical presentations and risk factors with COVID-19 infection. Therefore, clinicians must have a high index of suspicion that the two infections might coexist so that there is no delay in diagnosis and starting the appropriate treatment. There are few case reports about TB and COVID-19 coinfection. The first case report ever was from China and there have been a few others around the world. Here, we report two cases of coexisting COVID-19 and newly diagnosed pulmonary TB infection in Oman.

scholarly journals Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) case reporting in the World Health Organization European Region in 2006

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (39) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Devaux ◽  
J Alix ◽  
G Likatavicius ◽  
M Herida ◽  
S Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
World Health ◽  
European Region ◽  
Reporting Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Hiv Aids

This article presents information on HIV and AIDS case reporting systems as part of a survey on HIV/AIDS surveillance practices in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region. A standardised questionnaire was sent to the 53 national correspondents of the European Centre for the Epidemiological Monitoring of AIDS (EuroHIV). The HIV and AIDS case reporting section of the questionnaire comprised four parts: data collection system, HIV/AIDS case definition for surveillance, variables collected, and evaluation of surveillance systems). Individual-based data collection systems for HIV case reports have been implemented in 43 of 44 countries in the WHO European Region and for AIDS case reports in all the countries. For HIV case reports, a coded identifier is used in 28 countries, and full names are used in 11 countries. The European AIDS case definition has been adopted in 35 countries (80%). Information on molecular epidemiology is available in 30 countries, and HIV drug resistance is monitored in 11 countries. HIV/AIDS case reporting systems have been evaluated for under-reporting in 17 countries and for completeness in 11 countries. This article outlines the future needs for HIV/AIDS surveillance and presents recommendations on how to improve data comparability across European countries in the WHO region

scholarly journals Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 in Breastmilk from 18 Infected Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina D. Chambers ◽  
Paul Krogstad ◽  
Kerri Bertrand ◽  
Deisy Contreras ◽  
Nicole H. Tobin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
World Health ◽  
Retrograde Flow ◽  
Infected Infant ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Droplets ◽  
The U.S

To The EditorCurrently, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, American Academy of Pediatrics and the World Health Organization advise that women who are infected with SARS-CoV-2 may choose to breastfeed with appropriate protections to prevent transmission of the virus through respiratory droplets.(1) However, the potential for exposure to SARS-CoV-2 through breastfeeding is currently unknown. To date, case reports on breastmilk samples from a total of 24 SARS-CoV-2-infected women have been published.(2-7) Of those, viral RNA was detected in ten breastmilk samples from four women. In some but not all cases, environmental contamination as the source of the virus or retrograde flow from an infected infant could not be ruled out.

scholarly journals Tramadol-induced hiccups: a case–noncase study in the European pharmacovigilance database

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204209862110212
Author(s):  
Montserrat García ◽  
Unax Lertxundi ◽  
Carmelo Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reaction ◽  
Drug Reaction ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
World Health ◽  
Plain Language ◽  
The World ◽  
Pharmacovigilance Database ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Hiccups are usually benign and self-limiting, but can sometimes be persistent. If left untreated, they can provoke severe discomfort, and even death. Hiccups can be idiopathic, organic, psychogenic, and caused by drugs. Although some case reports have suggested a possible association between tramadol and hiccups, to our knowledge, no study has analyzed this possible relationship. The aim of this study was to analyze whether a disproportionate number of cases of hiccups are reported for tramadol in the EudraVigilance database. Methods: A case–noncase study was conducted to assess the association between hiccups and tramadol, calculating reporting odds ratios (RORs) from 1 January 1995 to 11 September 2020. Cases were selected using the preferred term ‘Hiccups’. The noncases used as controls were all other adverse drug reaction reports recorded in EudraVigilance during the same period. Exposure was defined as exposure to tramadol among cases and noncases. To reduce the risk of confounding by indication, the RORs for tramadol compared with other opioids were obtained. Additionally, we performed a confirmatory analysis in the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database, VigiBase®. Results: There were 3089 cases of hiccups in the 7,213,623 reports. Tramadol was involved in 50 cases. The ROR for tramadol exposure was 3.35 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.53–4.43]. This association persisted when comparing tramadol with other opioids; ROR: 2.13 (95% CI 1.52–2.99). Disproportionality was also observed in VigiBase®: ROR 1.69 (95% CI 1.47–1.93). Conclusion: Our study confirms, for the first time, a possible signal for a tramadol–hiccups association. Nevertheless, observational analytical studies are needed to confirm these results Plain Language Summary Evaluation of the relationship between the tramadol and the risk of hiccups Introduction: Hiccups are sudden involuntary contractions of the diaphragm. This involuntary contraction causes the vocal cords to close very briefly, which produces the characteristic sound of a hiccup. Hiccups are usually benign and self-limiting, but can sometimes be persistent. If left untreated, they can provoke severe discomfort, depression, disability, and in the most extreme cases, even death. Drugs are a rare cause of hiccups. Methods: This study investigated the possible association between tramadol and hiccups (an unmentioned adverse drug reaction in the Summary of Product Characteristics) in the European pharmacovigilance database (EudraVigilance) and a confirming analysis in the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database (VigiBase). Results: Our analysis shows that hiccups is relatively more frequently reported in association with tramadol than with other medicinal products, with EudraVigilance and VigiBase confirming this association. Conclusion: Tramadol is an opioid analgesic indicated, alone or in combination with dexketoprofen or paracetamol for pain with various causes, so healthcare professionals and patients should be aware of this possible association.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Disease and Abdominal Pain: Mechanism, Diagnostic, and Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (F) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Bozhinovska
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
World Health ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
The World ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Health Organization

BACKGROUND: On March 11, 2020, the General Director of the World Health Organization has announced that according to the organization, the level of spread and severity of symptoms of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is becoming alarming and because of that, it can be characterized as a pandemic. The assessment of the World Health Organization stimulated more urgent and belligerent actions from the governments as the number of case reports and studies on COVID-19 symptoms and treatment increased dramatically. AIM: In this paper, the aim is to make a review of the studies and case reports/series that indicate that abdominal pain is one of the manifestations of COVID-19. METHODS: A search was performed on two electronic databases: PubMed Central and Google Scholar, using the key words “COVID-19 and abdominal pain.” Case reports and case series in adults and children were included regardless of the language, region, or the publication date. The methods of synthesis and comparison were also used. RESULTS: In general, it can be noted that the manifestation of the COVID-19 infection on the digestive tract and the consequences on the same are not fully examined. CONCLUSION: The conclusion of the analyzed papers is that clinical practitioners in COVID-19 pandemic should carefully distinguish abdominal pain and other GI symptoms from COVID-19 manifestations and should exclude acute surgical condition.

Recent insights into COVID-19 in children and clinical recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo Castellar-López ◽  
Wendy Villamizar-Villamizar ◽  
Aldo Amaranto-Pallares ◽  
Wendy Rosales-Rada ◽  
Maria De Los Angeles Vélez Verbel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

: Pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) have been recognized in multiple countries globally. In this review, we provide recent insights into SARS-CoV-2 infection in children from epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory perspectives, including reports on the disease course and therapy. We highlight key features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, the relationship between MIS-C and Kawasaki disease, and summarize treatment guidelines for COVID-19 in children from institutional protocols from Colombia, case reports, recommendations based on expert consensus, and official statements from organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), United States Center for Disease Control (CDC), Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases, and the Colombian Society of Pediatrics. Finally, we discuss gaps in research with suggestions for future research on the pathogenesis underlying pediatric COVID-19.

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