A Developmental Exploration of Friendship Functions in Women

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Gibbs Candy ◽  
Lillian E. Troll ◽  
Sheldon G. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Developmental Issues ◽  
Best Friends

Interpersonal attachments in adulthood were explored through the investigation of the friendship functions in 172 women from 14 through 80. A priori functions were rated by the respondents on a Likert-Scale for their five best friends. Factor analyses revealed three orthogonal factors which characterized friendship for all age groups, “intimacy-assistance,” “status,” and “power.” One way analyses of variance (function by age groups) found no significant age differences between age groups for the function of “intimacy-assistance.” Significant differences for the functions of “status” and “power” were, however, apparent. Women from adolescence through the fifties rated their friends as decreasingly less important for “status” purposes, while women sixty and over rated this function very highly. “Power” decreased with increasing age through the fifties. There was a slight nonsignificant increase in the 60+ age group. These findings are discussed in relation to cognitive changes and developmental issues within various life-stages.

Gender Differences in Motor Performance of 50- to 79-Year-Old Adults

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 939-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Rudisill ◽  
Tonya Toole
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Balance Task ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump

This study was conducted to assess gender and age differences among 73 men and women (50—59, 60—69, and 70—79 yr.) on five motor tasks (balance, standing long jump, sit and reach, hand grip, and Softball throw). Differences between men and women on the standing long jump, hand grip, and the Softball throw favored men. The men had better performance scores than the women on each of these tasks. An interaction of gender by age was noted on the balance task. Women 50—59 yr. old balanced significantly longer than the men of that age group. Age differences were found for the standing long jump, hand grip, and Softball throw. The 50—59 age group performed significantly better than the 60—69 and the 70—79 age groups Performance decreased on each task across age groups. These findings suggest gender differences in motor performance of older adults as has been noted for children.

The Influence of Age and Experience on the Performance of a Data Entry Task

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara J. Czaja ◽  
Joseph Sharit
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Task Experience ◽  
Over Time

Findings from research examining age and computer task performance indicate that older people perform less well than younger people on these types of tasks. The present study examined whether age-related performance differences are maintained with task experience. To address this issue one hundred and ten subjects, ranging in age from 20—75 yrs., performed a data entry task over a three day period. The task represented a simulation of a real world job. The data indicated significant age differences in work output (amount of data entered). Further, although there were significant improvements in performance with increased task experience across subjects, age group differences were maintained over time. With respect to errors there were no age effects and there was a significant reduction in errors across the three days. However, the pattern of change varied across age groups. These results are consistent with other studies which suggest that experience does not compensate for age effects for tasks which emphasize speed of processing.

Life-Span Developmental Changes in Media Entertainment Experiences

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-79
Author(s):  
Marie-Louise Mares ◽  
James Alex Bonus
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Entertainment Media ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Developmental Contexts

What are the implications of life-span cognitive, affective, and social development for media entertainment attractions and responses? There are only piecemeal answers, because researchers tend to focus on different topics with different age-groups, and because theories of media entertainment tend not to consider developmental contexts. We describe the types of questions that tend to be asked about entertainment media by scholars studying different life stages and we highlight theoretical frameworks that have been used with particular ages that could usefully be applied more broadly. We note the emphasis on learning and negative affect (rather than fun, playful media experiences) in early childhood, the focus on risky outcomes and hedonic attractions (rather than meaning-making) in adolescence, the lack of research on middle-age, and the emphasis on affective and meaning-making preferences in old age (with relatively minimal consideration of social and cognitive changes).

Abstract P103: Age Differences in Patterns of Use, Health Knowledge, Perception, and Intention to Quit Among Current E-Cigarette Users

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh-Huyen T Vu ◽  
Joy Hart ◽  
Kandi Walker ◽  
Robyn Landry ◽  
Allison Groom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Intention To Quit ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Quit Intentions

Background: Using electronic nicotine delivery systems (e.g., e-cigarette) or vaping may have negative health effects from the aerosol and product constituents. Though the products are relatively new in the US, the use of e-cigarettes has rapidly increased, especially in younger adults. In this study, we examined age differences in use patterns, reasons for use, health knowledge, e-cigarette perceptions, and quit intentions among current e-cigarette users. Methods: The sample was 1,494 current e-cigarette users ages 18-64, drawn from a national adult vaping survey conducted in 2016. Intention to quit was categorized into 3 groups: very likely, moderate, and less likely. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were used. Results: The sample included participants in the following age groups: 18-24 (17%), 25-34 (38%), 35-44 (23%), and 45-64 (25%). Main reasons for e-cigarette initiation were as a cigarette alternative, perceived as healthier, and attraction to flavors. Only 4% of the participants reported using e-cigarettes on recommendation from a healthcare professional(s); 66% did not hear/see/read about the health effects of e-cigarettes in the past 3 months. Compared to older groups, the 18-24 age group was less likely to use e-cigarettes as an alternative to cigarettes (33% vs. 40-49%) or on a healthcare professional’s recommendation (2.3% vs. 6.8%), but more likely to vape for reasons such as flavors (44% vs. 20-33%) or friends’ use (18% vs. 4%). The 18-24 age group was also more likely than the oldest age group to use flavored e-liquid other than tobacco flavor (67% vs. 53%), have heard/seen/read information about vaping health effects (41.4% vs. 27%), and believe that vaping has no health benefits (26.1% vs. 16%).(All P -values for the above comparisons <.05). With adjustment for sex, race/ethnicity, and education levels, compared to the oldest group, the odds of being very likely to quit e-cigarette use versus less likely to quit in the 18-24 age group were 37% lower (95% CI: 0.41-0.98). Conclusions: There were significant age differences in use motivation, usage patterns, receipt of health information, perceived risks, and quit intentions. Public health efforts should increase the accessibility of information on e-cigarette use risks. Different health messaging and communication strategy approaches may be required for varying age groups.

Age differentiation of perception of anti-COVID measures (results of focus groups in the Kaliningrad Region)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-523
Author(s):  
Mikhail Krishtal
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
Group Interviews

The COVID-19 pandemic has become a key problem for Russian society and government officials in 2020. In this regard, there is an urgency to study the assessments and peculiarities of the perception by the population of anti-covid measures of the authorities, which were initially associated with risks of a social, economic, and political nature. The purpose of this study is to identify age-related features of the perception of anti-epidemic measures of the authorities, using the example of residents of the Kaliningrad region. From August to November 2020, six focus group interviews were conducted with representatives of three age groups. The data obtained were processed in the ATLAS.ti qualitative analysis program. As a result, it was revealed that the main age differences are manifested when assessing the introduction of remote forms of social interaction in the conditions of coronavirus. The older generation's negative attitude to innovation is due to concern for their grandchildren and children receiving the necessary educational and communication skills and competencies in this format, as well as due to fears of being deceived by fraudsters. At the same time, young people and middle-aged people note the positive possibilities of distance learning due to the simplification of the implementation of a number of social actions. Age differences were also revealed regarding the perception of information about the pandemic situation provided by government representatives. The youth believes that the distortion of this information may be based on the political motives of the authorities. Representatives of the older age group believe that the reason for the correction of information by the authorities is the desire to obtain financial benefits at the expense of the population. People in the age group of 31-49 years see this distortion mainly as a good motive for preventing panic among the population. Estimates of the introduction of self-isolation and the attitude to mass vaccination against COVID-19 were similar among representatives of different generations. Often supporting the regime of self-isolation, respondents noted the obligation of the authorities to ensure the financial security of people. Regarding the use of the vaccine, skepticism was found among all age groups due to fears about its unreliability

Age and Motivation in Mice: Performance and Learning in a Spatial Water Maze

1977 ◽  
Vol 44 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1239-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Werboff ◽  
Albert Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Spatial Water Maze ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Improved Learning

Performance and learning of a spatial water maze was investigated in 120 male C57BL/6J mice of three ages, 30, 150, and 365 days old. Motivation was manipulated by varying the water temperature (12.5, 23–5, 34.5, or 45.5°C). The results indicated that swimming performance was affected significantly by both age and motivation, with older animals requiring longer swimming time to escape at ail temperature levels. Swimming time decreased at extreme water temperatures for all age groups, with the greatest effect evident in the oldest age group. No age differences in learning as measured by errors or days to criterion were found. Extreme water temperatures (12.5 and 45.5°C) improved learning for all age groups.

Adult Age Differences in Visual Search

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-196
Author(s):  
Susan E. Mason ◽  
Patricia Baskey ◽  
Diane Perri
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Search Technique ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Adult Age Differences

The visual search technique was used to assess adult age differences in visual information extraction. The study included three adult age groups. In Experiment 1, participants searched for targets embedded in a list of unrelated words. Targets were defined structurally, phonemically, or semantically. Search for structural targets was faster than search for phonemic and semantic targets. This was true for all three age groups. In Experiment 2, targets were embedded in prose. The oldest age group required additional time to detect each target type, but the largest age difference was associated with semantic search.

Heritage luxury brands: insight into consumer motivations across different age groups

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lama Halwani
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Demographic Variable ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Luxury Brands ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumption Behavior ◽  
Luxury Brand ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose Despite growing attention to the heritage dimension of luxury brands, little research has been undertaken on how motivation may influence the consumption behavior of heritage luxury brand consumers. This study aims to provide insight into the complex interplay between consumers’ age and purchase motivations of heritage luxury brands. Design/methodology/approach Through the analysis of interview data with consumers of different age groups, this study takes a closer look at the consumer motivation underlying the consumption behavior of three different consumer age groups: late adolescents (16–25 years old), middle-aged adults (33–40 years) and older adults (67–74 years old). Findings This study delivered additional insights to the literature, especially in the areas of knowing how consumers are motivated when heritage is incorporated as a distinct dimension. The findings revealed that consumers themselves identify purchase drivers based on their perception of a brand’s investment values as “monetary appreciation,” “potential to become vintage” and “inheritance value.” Age differences also emerged in how participants discussed these themes and how they related to attitude functions, such as social-adjustive, utilitarian and hedonic. Practical implications Luxury brand managers should carefully consider age differences when planning their marketing initiatives. An awareness of consumers’ heritage luxury brand motivations of different ages will help practitioners better position their market offerings. The findings suggest that practitioners must recognize that there are likely to be differences in how different age group consumers respond to marketing initiatives and that consumer’s age is likely to play a key role in shaping the attitude of consumers. For older adult consumers, the optimal market offering would emphasize the inheritance value of heritage luxury brands. To that end, reinforcing attributes of nostalgia through the use of original logos, brand stories and classic designs is likely to be effective in targeting this age group. When targeting adolescents, heritage luxury brand managers need to take account of the changing consumption behavior of this age group, including their need to switch brands and adapt to their social surrounding. To provoke the purchase behavior of late-adolescent consumers, it seems that heritage luxury brand managers should draw on their image of social status enhancers. Originality/value In this study, a gap in the literature is addressed by focusing on an overlooked demographic variable as it relates to motivations toward heritage luxury. To the author’s best knowledge, this is the first study of its kind simultaneously considering heritage and luxury brand dimensions by exploring the motivations of consumers of different age groups.

scholarly journals The concept BEAUTY in the worldview of the Ukrainians of 12–40 years old (based on the data of a chain associative experiment)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
Abstract Representations ◽  
A Chain

The article deals with the problem of the semantic content of the concept BEAUTY in the worldview of the Ukrainians of 12–40 years old. The aim of the research is to form and analise the associative fields of the lexemes that objectify the concept BEAUTY (краса, врода, красень, красуня, красивий, красива, гарний, гарна, вродливий, вродлива) and define its semantic content in the worldview of the Ukrainians of different age groups (teenagers (12–18 years old) and the young (19–40 years old), basing on the results of a chain associative experiment. As a result of an analysis of the semantic content of the received associative fields of the corresponding stimuli two main semantic groups have been singled out: people and nature. Within each of them several subgroups have been singled out. It is defined that the semantic group people outnumbers the group nature both in the quantity of the reactions and their variety. Judging by the quantity of the reactions of the group people that concern men and women, one can make a conclusion that beauty is thought primarily as a quality of girls / women (the reactions жінка, жінки, жіноча, дівчина, дівчини, дівоча, мама, мати, матір, матуся, бабуся, сестра ect.). The perception of beauty as an inherent trait of the closest relatives like mother, father, sister etc. is stable in the consciousness of the respondents of both age groups (the reactions мама, мати, батько, тато, матір, матуся), although the reactions of the older age group representatives are more varied and include such names of relatives as дружина, теща, дочка, син etc., which are not relevant for teenagers. It is established that the age differences in the perception of the analysed concept lie in more abstract representations of the young (19–40 years old) in contrast to more personalized representations of teenagers (12–18 years old). Most differences in the reactions of different age groups have to do with the group people whereas the perception of the beauty of nature is more universal. The qualitative-evaluative reactions show that beauty is perceived as a positively marked concept.

Measurement Invariance by Age Group for the Aging Men’s Masculinity Ideologies Inventory

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-317
Author(s):  
Edward H. Thompson ◽  
Britney A. Webster ◽  
Jennifer Tehan Stanley ◽  
Ronald F. Levant
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Aging Men ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

To date, work on masculinity ideologies, or the culture-based standards and norms expected of boys and men, has focused almost exclusively on younger adulthood. Given the emphases in men’s lives during middle and late adulthood vis-à-vis young adulthood, it is important to determine what norms script aging men’s lives. The Aging Men’s Masculinity Ideologies Inventory (AMMII) is a measure designed to assess the masculinities relevant to aging men. The present study investigated whether individuals ( N = 1,352) of different age groups respond to a scale measuring the gender expectations for aging men in a similar way. Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses were performed to assess the measurement invariance of the AMMII across three age groups—young adults (ages 18–29 years), established adults (ages 30–59 years), and older adults (ages 60+ years). Support for configural, metric, and partial scalar invariance was found, allowing for the comparison of means between groups.

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