Maternity Leave, Role Quality, Work Involvement, and Mental Health One Year After Delivery

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie H. Klein ◽  
Janet Shibley Hyde ◽  
Marilyn J. Essex ◽  
Roseanne Clark
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Role Quality ◽  
Infant Distress ◽  
Part Time ◽  
One Year ◽  
Main Effects

Employment status, maternity leave, and role quality were investigated as predictors of women's mental health one year after delivery. Home-makers and part-time and full-time employees did not differ on measures of depression, anxiety, anger, or self-esteem. There were no main effects of leave length. Distress was associated with job overload, role restriction, and infant distress. Leave length interacted with the relative salience of work and family, and employment status interacted with employment preference to predict distress. Depression was greatest among women relatively high in work salience when leaves were long. Anxiety and anger were greatest among women whose employment status was not congruent with their preferences. These interactions underscore the importance of individual differences in responses to leave and work.

Depression, Work and Family Roles, and the Gendered Life Course

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Leupp
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Work And Family Roles ◽  
The Life Course

Despite the importance of employment for shaping mental health over the life course, little is known about how the mental health benefits of employment change as individuals age through their prime employment and child-rearing years. This study examines the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 Cohort ( N = 8,931), following respondents from their late 20s to mid-50s. Results suggest that among women, the aging of children is especially salient for shaping the mental health consequences of employment. Young children diminish the protective effect of mothers’ full- and part-time employment, but the salubrious effects of paid work increase as children get older. The benefit of employment for men’s mental health also changes over time, but it is the aging of men themselves rather than their children that alters the magnitude of full-time employment’s protective effect. Findings suggest the contribution of employment to life course mental health remains tethered to traditional gender roles.

Maternity Leave And Women's Mental Health

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Shibley Hyde ◽  
Marjorie H. Klein ◽  
Marilyn J. Essex ◽  
Roseanne Clark
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Work Status ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Part Time

The Wisconsin Maternity Leave and Health Study addresses an important policy issue, parental leave, by investigating the work status, maternity leave, and mental health of 570 women. In the longitudinal design, the women, all of whom were living with a husband or partner, were interviewed during the fifth month of pregnancy, 1 month postpartum, and 4 months postpartum. At 4 months postpartum, full-time workers, part-time workers, and homemakers did not differ in depression or anger, but full-time workers showed elevated anxiety compared with the other two groups. In multiple regression analyses, length of leave interacted significantly with marital concerns when predicting depression; women who took a short leave (6 weeks or less) and were high on marital concerns had the highest depression scores. Short maternity leave can be conceptualized as a risk factor that, when combined with other risk factors such as marital concerns, places women at greater risk for depression.

Resource Loss, Resource Gain, and Communal Coping During Pregnancy Among Women with Multiple Roles

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer D. Wells ◽  
Stevan E. Hobfoll ◽  
Justin Lavin
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Resource Loss ◽  
Communal Coping ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Role Quality ◽  
Emotional Outcomes ◽  
Part Time

We investigated stress, coping, and employment status in 92, mostly European American pregnant women. Conservation of Resources (COR) theory (Hobfoll, 1988, 1989) was applied as a specification of role-quality theory to examine the stressful influences of women's multiple roles. Women's resource loss predicted psychological distress better than either their resource gains or their employment status (i.e., multiple versus single roles). Full-time employed women were significantly more distressed under high loss conditions than were part-time or nonemployed women. Examining women's coping strategies based on a communal model of coping, we found that active, prosocial coping was associated with better emotional outcomes. A significant interaction was found for the effects of loss × cautious action such that loss was related to greater depression, but only among women who did not employ cautious action.

scholarly journals Mothering and Stress During COVID-19: Exploring the Moderating Effects of Employment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Yan ◽  
Liana C Sayer ◽  
Daniela Veronica Negraia ◽  
R. Gordon Rinderknecht ◽  
Long Doan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
The Social ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Full Time Employment

Using primary data from the Assessing the Social Consequences of COVID-19 study (N=1,647), we examined how the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the stress levels (i.e., pre-pandemic vs. during-pandemic stress) of women with and without coresiding minor children, paying special attention to the moderating role of women’s employment status. Results from OLS regression models show that following the pandemic outbreak, among women who worked full-time, mothers reported smaller stress increases than non-mothers. Among part-time and non-employed women, mothers and non-mothers experienced similar levels of stress increase. Changes in women’s work hours and employment status, following the pandemic onset, had limited impacts on the patterns of stress level changes. This study contributes to research on parenting and health by showing that during times of crisis, full-time employment may play a protective role for mother’s mental health, but may not buffer the mental health deterioration of women not raising children.

Contemporary Trends in PSW Teaching: Challenges and Opportunity to Expand

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Kamlesh Kumar Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Centre Of Excellence ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
National Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Social Work

Psychiatric Social Work teaching has completed seven decades in India which was started with master course in medical and psychiatric social work at Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai in 1948 followed by various schools of social work across the country but unfortunately even after two year full time or part time course they are not counted as a mental health professional; still they need two more years of specialized training in mental health as Master of Philosophy in Psychiatric Social Work (M.Phil. PSW) which was offered in just a few institutions. Recently the Government of India formulated manpower development schemes under the national mental health programme to address the shortage of men power in mental health. Under this scheme, 25 centre of excellence in mental health are already stabilised and various post graduate departments were upgraded and M.Phil. PSW course is started or will be started. This figure is in raise in Government intuitions and few private institutions also. The prominence of social work in mental health is expected to enhance by this effort as highly trained social workers will be available to practice in the mental health field but there are some challenges to overcome to get the maximum outcome from this opportunity to expand.    Keywords:Psychiatric social work, mental health, men power development, India  Â

The Politics of Part-Time Work: Gender, Employment Status, and Preferences for Redistribution

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
David S. Pedulla ◽  
Michael J. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preferences For Redistribution ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Part Time Work

Abstract The social and economic forces that shape attitudes toward the welfare state are of central concern to social scientists. Scholarship in this area has paid limited attention to how working part-time, the employment status of nearly 20% of the U.S. workforce, affects redistribution preferences. In this article, we theoretically develop and empirically test an argument about the ways that part-time work, and its relationship to gender, shape redistribution preferences. We articulate two gender-differentiated pathways—one material and one about threats to social status—through which part-time work and gender may jointly shape individuals’ preferences for redistribution. We test our argument using cross-sectional and panel data from the General Social Survey in the United States. We find that the positive relationship between part-time employment, compared to full-time employment, and redistribution preferences is stronger for men than for women. Indeed, we do not detect a relationship between part-time work and redistribution preferences among women. Our results provide support for a gendered relationship between part-time employment and redistribution preferences and demonstrate that both material and status-based mechanisms shape this association.

Using New Case Studies for Evaluation of Marketing Student’s Academic Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaydeep Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Time Management ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Case Method ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Formal Evaluation ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Evaluation Mechanism

Case method has been a popular pedagogy in management education. It is a preferred evaluation tool which is inherently subjective in nature. This article compares the results of case-based evaluation in marketing discipline, in announced and unannounced settings, for full-time and part-time management programmes and discusses its implications. The data were collected from the formal evaluation made by a faculty of an Association of MBAs (AMBA) accredited management institute of India. The results suggests that for full-time residential MBA programmes, use of relative marks for grading each component of the evaluation is likely to be a more robust evaluation mechanism than using just the marks or using the consolidated marks for final grading. However, neither surprise quiz nor announced quiz provide any robust and unbiased method of evaluating the performance of the students of part-time non-residential MBA programme as the result are also dependent on variables like work and family, which are extraneous to the student’s interest and proficiency in the subject.

scholarly journals 0403 Sleep Valuation: A Novel Construct and Questionnaire

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A154-A154
Author(s):  
S Nielson ◽  
Z Simmons ◽  
D Kay
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
General Mental Health ◽  
Weak Factor ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Married Individuals ◽  
Asian Pacific

Abstract Introduction Sleep valuation, the relative worth of one’s own sleep, is an under-explored construct that could have implications on sleep health. This study sought to validate the Sleep Valuation Questionnaire (SVQ) and to explore demographic differences in sleep valuation. Methods Participants (N = 946) recruited through TurkPrime were stratified across age (18-99), race (50% White, 17% Black, and 8.33% for each American Indian, Asian, Pacific Islander, and other), Hispanic ethnicity (20%), gender (50/50 female/male), employment status (50% employed full time and 8.33% for each part time, homemaker, retired, student, temp worker. unemployed, and disabled), Participants completed a demographic survey, followed by the original 43 item SVQ completed twice. Iterated principal factoring with a Promax solution was used to identify the factor structure of the SVQ. Cronbach’s alpha and correlation analyses were also used to help identify items with poor reliability. Total sleep valuation, the sum of valid items on the SVQ, was used as the dependent variable in a multiple regression analysis. Age, gender, race, work status, socioeconomic status, educational level, marital status, and general health and mental health estimates served as independent variables. Results After removing items with weak factor loadings (<0.6), poor reliability, and weak face validity, the number of items were reduced to 10, which loaded on to 2 factors: Sleep Desire and Sleep Need. Those who cohabitate had lower SVQ scores than married individuals (p=0.04), full-time workers had higher SVQ scores than non-full-time workers (p=0.001), higher age was associated with lower SVQ scores (p<0.001), and higher general mental health was associated with lower SVQ scores (p<0.001). Conclusion This is the first study to explore how demographic variables relate to sleep valuation. The SVQ may help identify factors that contribute to sleep valuation and sleep valuation relates to sleep behavior, sleep health, and sleep treatment utilization. Support None

Allied health professionals in Queensland Health returning to work after maternity leave: hours of work and duration of time on part-time hours

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Julie Hulcombe ◽  
Sandra Capra ◽  
Gillian Whitehouse
Keyword(s):  
Return To Work ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Allied Health ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Allied Health Professionals ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Staff Management ◽  
Queensland Health ◽  
Part Time

Objective The aim of this study was to provide a detailed description of the flexible working arrangements (FWA) used by allied health professionals (AHP) on return from maternity leave. This is a crucial issue for staff management practices in a changing regulatory context. Methods A retrospective convenience sample of AHP employed by Queensland Health (QH) in 2006, using deidentified payroll data, was analysed descriptively to determine employment status on return from maternity leave in 2006 to December 2014. A qualitative study that surveyed managers of AHP departments was subsequently undertaken to complement the data from the payroll study. Twelve managers, across six allied health professions in three hospitals in south-east Queensland were surveyed for this component. Results The payroll study included 169 employees (138 full-time equivalent (FTE)), 61 of whom resigned over the study period. Of those who returned to work after the 2006 maternity event (n=152), 92% (n=140) initially returned part-time. At 31 December 2014, of the 108 staff working for QH, 77% (n=83) were part-time. In total, 75.4 FTE positions were released over the 8-year period through reduced working hours and resignations. The perceptions of surveyed managers were consistent with the data from the payroll study. Conclusion The study showed that most AHPs who took maternity leave returned to work part-time and remained part-time for an extended period. The data suggest that managers could permanently backfill a proportion of hours released due to FWA after maternity leave without major budgetary risk due to the need to accommodate existing employees’ entitlements. However, this would require a significant policy change. What is known about this topic? Current research on this topic has concentrated on the benefits of paid maternity leave, timing of return to work and use of FWA by employees on return to work after maternity leave. What does this paper add? This paper presents the first comprehensive data on patterns of return to work and part-time hours following maternity leave for AHP employees. Access to a unique payroll dataset provided the opportunity to describe this for a cohort of AHP employees over a period of 8 years following a maternity event. A survey of AHP managers’ experience with maternity leave and return to work arrangements supported the findings, underlining the associated difficulties with staff management. What are the implications for practitioners? The hours released through resignations or reduced hours over this period of study suggest that management could backfill a proportion of released hours permanently, or at least offer temporary staff longer-term contracts, once an employee returns from maternity leave on reduced hours

Temporary part-time employment and future wages of male employees – a panel data analysis of the German labour market

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 7-23
Author(s):  
Piotr Matuszak
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Job Experience ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
One Year ◽  
Full Time Employment

The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between temporary part-time employment and the wages male employees receive in subsequent full-time employment within the first five and the first ten years from the date of starting their full-time employment. The study uses data from the German labour market, obtained from the Socio-Economic Panel for the years 1984–2014. The fixed effects estimator, which solves the unobserved heterogeneity issue by removing time-invariant individual effects by a ‘within’ transformation, was applied in the empirical analysis. The results indicate that having experience as a part-time worker is associated with lower future wages – a one-year increase in the number of years in part-time work in the last two to five years leads to a reduction in future wages in a full-time job by 4.4% on average, compared to having solely a full-time job experience. However, this relationship becomes statistically insignificant after five years of being employed full-time. The results are robust to different specifications and it is indicated that an inverse relationship between working below regular hours and future wages in full-time employment is related to working parttime in low- and medium-skilled occupations. At the same time, working part-time is less detrimental to future wages than periods of unemployment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document