Depressive Symptoms Among HIV-Positive Pregnant Women in Thailand

Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 binding receptor ACE2 and the spike protein priming protease TMPRSS2 are co-expressed in human placentae. It is unknown whether their expression is altered in the context of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods We compared mRNA levels of SARS-CoV-2 cell-entry mediators ACE2, TMPRSS2 and L-SIGN (an alternative entry receptor) by qPCR in 105 placentae: 45 from pregnant women with HIV (WHIV) exposed to protease inhibitor (PI)-based ART, 17 from WHIV on non-PI-based ART, and 43 from HIV-uninfected women. Results ACE2 levels were lower, while L-SIGN levels were higher in placentae from WHIV on PI-based ART as compared to those on non-PI-based ART and to HIV-uninfected women. TMPRSS2 levels were similar between groups. Black race was significantly associated with lower expression of ACE2 and higher expression of L-SIGN. ACE2 levels were significantly higher in placentae of female fetuses. Discussion We have identified pregnant women of Black race and WHIV who are on PI-based ART to have relatively lower expression of placental ACE2 than those of White race and HIV-uninfected women. This effect may potentially contribute to altered susceptibility to COVID-19 in these women, either favorably; by reduced viral entry, or detrimentally; by loss of ACE2 protection against hyperinflammation.

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Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms and Anxiety during Pregnancy and Associations with Pregnancy Stress

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18052733 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 2733 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hyejung Lee ◽

Ki-Eun Kim ◽

Mi-Young Kim ◽

Chang Gi Park ◽

Jung Yeol Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Survey Questionnaire ◽

Emotional Status ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Latent Trajectory ◽

Logistic Regressions ◽

Health Hospital

The purposes of this study were to investigate the trajectory groups of depressive symptoms and anxiety in women during pregnancy and to identify the factors associated with those groups. Participants were recruited from the outpatient clinic of a women’s health hospital in Seoul, Korea. Pregnant women (n = 136) completed a survey questionnaire that included questions on depressive symptoms, anxiety, and pregnancy stress; additionally, their saliva was tested for cortisol hormone levels three times during their pregnancies. The group-based trajectory modeling approach was used to identify latent trajectory groups. Ordinal logistic regressions were used to explore the association of latent trajectory groups with sociodemographic factors and pregnancy stress. Three trajectory groups of depressive symptoms were identified: low-stable (70%), moderate-stable (25%), and increased (5%). Four trajectory groups of anxiety were identified: very low-stable (10%), low-stable (67%), moderate-stable (18%), and high-stable (5%). The only factor associated with both the depressive symptoms and anxiety trajectory groups was pregnancy stress (p < 0.001). Most participants showed stable emotional status; however, some participants experienced higher levels of depressive symptoms and anxiety related to higher pregnancy stress. These pregnant women may need additional care from healthcare providers to promote their wellbeing during pregnancy.

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The impact of lockdown policy on depressive symptoms among pregnant women in China: mediating effects of internet use and family support

Global Health Research and Policy ◽

10.1186/s41256-021-00193-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yongjie Zhou ◽

Ruoxi Wang ◽

Lei Liu ◽

Ting Ding ◽

Lijuan Huo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Family Support ◽

Parental Support ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Internet Use ◽

Western China ◽

Maternal Depressive Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Although more and more attention has been paid to the psychological consequences of the lockdown policy amongst pregnant women, the underlying mechanism linking the lockdown policy to maternal depression has not been studied in the context of China. This study aimed to explore the association between the lockdown policy and maternal depressive symptoms, and whether such association was mediated by internet use and/or family support. Methods This cross-sectional study used multi-stage sampling techniques in central and western China. Data were collected from 1266 pregnant women using a structtured questionnaire that measured internet use, family support, and depressive symptoms. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to measure depressive symptoms. Internet use was measured by length of usage and varierity of purpose for internet use. Family support was measureed by spousal support and parental support. The structural equation modelling was employed to conduct mediation analysis to test the specificity of the hypothetical paths. Results Overall, 527 respondents (41.63%) presented depressive symptoms. The lockdown policy was negatively associated with depressive symptoms in pregnant women (β = − 0.925, 95% CI = −1.510, − 0.360). The impact of the lockdown policy on depressive symptoms was partially mediated by internet use (β = 1.589, 95% CI = 0.730, 2.807) and family support (β = − 0.162, 95% CI = − 0.341, − 0.017), accounting for 42.67% of the total effect. Conclusions The lockdown policy was generally associated with fewer depressive symptoms in pregnant women. The lockdown policy increased maternal depressive symptoms through increased internet use, but decreased maternal depressive symptoms through enhanced family support. The findings suggest that the psychological consequence of the lockdown policy may vary across different populations, and warrant the need to take into consideration the features of subgroups.

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Food Insecurity Partially Mediates the Association Between Drug Use and Depressive Symptoms among Men who have Sex with Men in Los Angeles, California

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980021002494 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

David A. Wiss ◽

Marjan Javanbakht ◽

Michael J. Li ◽

Michael Prelip ◽

Robert Bolan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

High Risk ◽

Los Angeles ◽

Drug Use ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Sex With Men ◽

The Relationship ◽

Hiv Negative

Abstract Objective: To understand the relationship between drug use, food insecurity (FI), and mental health among men who have sex with men (MSM). Design: Cohort study (2014-2019) with at least one follow-up. Setting: Visits at 6-month intervals included self-assessment for FI and depressive symptoms. Urine testing results confirmed drug use. Factors associated with FI were assessed using multiple logistic regression with random effects for repeated measures. General structural equation modeling tested whether FI mediates the relationship between drug use and depressive symptoms. Participants: Data were from HIV-positive and high-risk HIV negative MSM in Los Angeles, CA (n=431; 1,192 visits). Results: At baseline, FI was reported by 50.8% of participants, depressive symptoms in 36.7%, and 52.7% of urine screening tests were positive for drugs (i.e., marijuana, opioids, methamphetamine, cocaine, ecstasy). A positive drug test was associated with a 96% increase in the odds of being food insecure (95% CI: 1.26-3.07). Compared to those with high food security, individuals with very low food security have a nearly 7-fold increase in the odds of reporting depressive symptoms (95% CI: 3.71-11.92). Findings showed 14.9% of the association between drug use (exposure) and depressive symptoms (outcome) can be explained by FI (mediator). Conclusion: The prevalence of FI among this cohort of HIV-positive and high-risk HIV-negative MSM was high; the association between drug use and depressive symptoms was partially mediated by FI. Findings suggest that enhancing access to food and nutrition may improve mood in the context of drug use, especially among MSM at risk for HIV-transmission.

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A path model of the effects of spirituality on depressive symptoms and 24-hurinary-free cortisol in HIV-positive persons

Journal of Psychosomatic Research ◽

10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.04.005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 51-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Adam W. Carrico ◽

Gail Ironson ◽

Michael H. Antoni ◽

Suzanne C. Lechner ◽

Ron E. Durán ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Path Model ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Free Cortisol

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Lack of Medical Support in HIV Infection and Unstable Mood States

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1997.81.2.635 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 635-639

Author(s):

Motoko Hayashi ◽

Isao Fukunishi

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Major Depression ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Early Stage ◽

Mood States ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Medical Support ◽

Hiv Patients

This study examined what kinds of social support are related to mood states in a sample of 50 HIV-positive patients without AIDS (46 men and 4 women; M age 36.5 yr., SD = 9.8). In the early stage of HIV infection, HIV patients without AIDS may be prone to depressive symptoms although none of these HIV-positive patients' symptoms fulfilled the DSM-III-R Mood Disorders including Major Depression. The depressive symptoms were not significantly related to lack of ordinary social support such as friends and family but were significantly associated with dissatisfaction with HIV/AIDS-related medical support

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