Heroin-dependent patients attempting and not attempting suicide: a comparison

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayhan Kalyoncu ◽  
Hasan Mırsal ◽  
Özkan Pektaş ◽  
Devran Tan ◽  
Mansur Beyazyürek
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
Heroin Dependence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv

Objective:Heroin dependence is a serious illness associated with an increased risk of suicidal behaviour. There are many risk factors associated with heroin dependence. The current study examined the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of a number of young adult heroin-dependent patients who had attempted suicide.Methods:We studied a group of 108 young adult heroin-dependent patients in our in-patient clinics. All diagnoses were made according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I-II Disorders (SCID-I, II). The age range of patients was 18–24 years. Their substance abuse histories were assessed by semistructured interview. The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) was administered to all the patients. Serum total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were routinely measured. In the statistical analyses, Student’s t test, and chi-squared tests were applied.Results:Of the 108 heroin-dependent patients, 40 (37.0%) had histories of attempted suicide. There was a statistically significant difference in the age at which heroin use had commenced between female attempters [mean = 16.82, standard deviation (SD) = 3.06] and nonattempters (mean = 18.32, SD = 2.68, t= 2.25, P < 0.05). Both the male (mean = 33.35, SD = 4.05) and the female (mean = 28.00, SD = 5.36) attempters had significantly higher ASI scores than did the male (mean = 20.16, SD = 3.80) and the female (mean = 18.88, SD = 4.14) nonattempters (t= 14.34, P < 0.001; t= 5.25, P < 0.001, respectively). A significant difference in total cholesterol (mean = 131.8, SD = 19.3; mean = 172.2, SD = 21.3, t= 3.9, P < 0.05) and HDL-C (mean = 30.9, SD = 1.0 and mean = 54.8, SD = 13.7; t= 5.1, P < 0.05) levels between the group of violent and nonviolent suicide attempters was revealed.Conclusions:These results suggest that suicide attempts in young adult heroin-dependent patients are associated with more profound biopsychosocial pathology and decreased serum cholesterol levels. In particular, low levels of total cholesterol and HDL-C might indeed be associated with violent suicide attempts in young heroin-dependent patients.

scholarly journals DSM-IV Axis II personality disorders and suicide and attempted suicide in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 209 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongsheng Tong ◽  
Michael R. Phillips ◽  
Kenneth R. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundThere are meagre data on Axis II personality disorders and suicidal behaviour in China.AimsTo describe the prevalence of Axis II personality disorders in suicides and suicide attempts in China and to estimate risk for these outcomes associated with personality disorders.MethodPeople who died by suicide (n = 151), people who attempted suicide (n = 118) and living community controls (n = 140) were randomly sampled from four Chinese counties and studied using the Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) and Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II). We also determined the prevalence of subthreshold versions of ten DSM-IV personality disorders.ResultsAxis II personality disorders were present in 7% of the suicide group, 6% of the suicide attempt group and 1% of the control group. Threshold and subthreshold personality disorders had adjusted odds ratios (point estimates) in the range of 2.7–8.0 for suicide and for suicide attempts.ConclusionsAxis II personality disorders may confer increased risk for suicidal behaviour in China, but their low prevalence in the community and among people with suicidal behaviour suggests that other personality constructs such as select dimensional traits may be a more fruitful avenue for understanding and preventing suicide in China.

Epidemiological Trends in Attempted Suicide in Adolescents and Young Adults Between 1996 and 2004

Crisis ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie De Munck ◽  
Gwendolyn Portzky ◽  
Kees Van Heeringen
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Trends

Background: Notwithstanding the epidemiological studies indicating an increased risk of attempted suicide among adolescents and young adults, there is a scarcity of international studies that examine long-term epidemiological trends in rates and characteristics of this vulnerable group. Aims: This article describes the results of a 9-year monitoring study of suicide attempts in adolescents and young adults referred to the Accident and Emergency Department of the Gent University Hospital (Belgium). Methods: Between January 1996 and December 2004, trends, sociodemographic, and methodrelated characteristics of suicide attempts were assessed by a psychiatrist on data sheets. Results: Attempted suicide rates declined from 1996 to 2001 and then rose until 2004, but did not exceed previous rates. During the 9 years of monitoring, there was a preponderance of female suicide attempters, except for 1997. Rates of attempts and of fatal suicide were negatively correlated. Significantly more males than females deliberately injured themselves. Younger attempters, especially females, significantly more often poisoned themselves with analgesics. In nearly one in five attempts, alcohol was used in combination with other methods, and alcohol intake was more commonly observed in older suicide attempters. Nearly half of the adolescents were identified as repeaters. Conclusions: The results of this study warrant further monitoring of trends and characteristics of young suicide attempters.

Suicide Probability Among Tramadol Addicts

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Saad Mohamed ◽  
Nesreen Mohammed Mohsen ◽  
Lobna AbuBakr Ismail ◽  
Ayat Ullah Mazloum Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Clinical Interview ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Axis I

Abstract Background The magnitude of the problem of substance use in Egypt has been growing lately. Substance use disorders have been associated with depression and suicide, as well as impulsivity and specific personality traits. Suicide is closely linked to the substances use. Therefore it is very important to confirm the factors that affect the possibility of suicide. Aim of the Work This study aimed at evaluating suicide risk and its correlation with each of personality disorders and severity of addiction in a sample of 72 tramadol addicts from outpatient clinic of Institute of psychaitry Ain Shams University hospitals. Patients and Methods This is a descriptive Cross sectional study conducted in outpatient clinic of Institute of psychaitry Ain Shams University hospital. The present study aimed at analyzing the demographic data of 72 tramadol addicts, over six months period from January 2018 to August 2019. The severity of the addiction problem among those patients was assessed using Addiction Severity Index (ASI), suicidal probability was assessed using suicide probability scale (SPS), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-VI Axis II (SCID-II) for assessing personality disorders and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID I). Results The results showed that 32 (44.44%) of the patients had a risk of suicide probability. Also there was a statistically significant difference between risk of suicidal probability and personality disorders especially antisocial personality. It was found that the need for more power for work and pleasurable effects were the most risk factors for tramadol addiction. Conclusion Suicide probability was found to be (44.44%) among the studied tramadol addicts. The risk of suicide probability among them was found to be significant in each of the following: antisocial personality disorder, longer duration of addiction, being single and positive family history of addiction. Attention should be paid to include the assessment of suicidal risk as part of routine assessment of addicts.

The epidemiology of DSM-IV specific phobia in the USA: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1047-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
FREDERICK S. STINSON ◽  
DEBORAH A. DAWSON ◽  
S. PATRICIA CHOU ◽  
SHARON SMITH ◽  
RISE B. GOLDSTEIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Specific Phobia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Mean

Background. There is a lack of current detailed national data on the prevalence, correlates, disability and co-morbidity of DSM-IV specific phobia (SP), the prevalence of specific objects and situations feared, and associations between impairment, treatment and co-morbidity and the number of specific situations and objects feared, among adults in the USA.Method. The data were derived from a large (43093) representative sample of the adult population in the USA.Results. Prevalences of 12-month and lifetime DSM-IV SP were 7·1% and 9·4% respectively. Being female, young, and low income increased risk, while being Asian or Hispanic decreased risk (p<0·05). The mean age at onset of SP was 9·7 years, the mean duration of episode was 20·1 years and only 8·0% reported treatment specifically for SP. Most specific phobias involved multiple fears, and an increasing number of fears, regardless of content, was associated with greater disability and impairment, treatment seeking and co-morbidity with other Axis I and II disorders.Conclusions. SP is a highly prevalent, disabling and co-morbid disorder in the US adult population. The early onset of SP and the disorders most strongly associated with it highlights the need for longitudinal studies beginning in early childhood. Results suggest the existence of a generalized subtype of SP much like social phobia, which, once revealed, may lead to a classification of SP that is more etiologically and therapeutically meaningful.

Immigration and suicide in Spain: Literature review

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S604-S604
Author(s):  
S. Rodrígue Vargas
Keyword(s):  
American Indians ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Frequent Change ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Moroccan Women ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Very High

Objectives and methodAlthough it is increasingly an immigrant country, we can not forget that for years has been a world leader as a meeting place of many nationalities. It has carried out a review of the literature about the number of suicides that occur in the immigrant population of our country.ResultsCultural factors that influence suicidal behavior are religion, socio-demographic factors (inverse relationship between socioeconomic status and suicide attempts), conflicts, alcohol/drugs, and social and family support as emigration entails fostering emotional and cultural rootlessness isolation and increased risk. Stresses in young Filipinos (20%) and American Indians (19%) than for any other ethnic group. Among the immigrants, I returned to their country of origin, the Germans have a 30% rate of suicides. And if we consider the length of stay, a clear decrease in rates seen since the frequent change of residence results in an increased risk. In the comparison of nationality and gender, it shows that the rate for suicides is very high among Moroccan women aged between 10 and 24 years.Conclusions and discussionMigration can alter the development and adaptation of people and sometimes increase the risk of suicide especially when migration occurs alone. Attempted suicide is an exceptional crisis that requires special attention. Progress in research will deepen the psychological effects of migration in adults and in children migrated.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

Alcohol-dependent patients attempting and not attempting suicide: a comparison

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özkan Pektaş ◽  
Hasan Mirsal ◽  
Ayhan Kalyoncu ◽  
Nasibe Ünsalan ◽  
Mansur Beyazyürek
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Background:Alcohol dependence is a psychiatric disorder associated with an increased risk of suicidal behaviour. This is also associated with an increased number of suicide risk factors.Objective:The current study examined the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of a number of alcohol-dependent patients who attempted suicide.Methods:We studied a consecutive series of 377 alcohol-dependent patients in our in-patient clinics. Their alcohol-use histories were assessed through semistructured interviews. The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were administered to all patients. Serum total cholesterol levels, mean corpuscular volume, the liver enzymes gamma glutamyl transferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were routinely measured. In the statistical analyses, Student's t-test and chi-squared tests were applied.Results:Of the 377 alcohol-dependent patients, 89 (23.6%) had histories of attempted suicide. Thirty-four (42.5%) of the 80 female alcohol-dependent patients and 55 (18.5%) of the 297 male alcohol-dependent patients had attempted suicide; this gender difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 27.7, P < 0.001). A greater proportion of the suicide attempters than of the non-attempters met the Diagnostic Statistical Manual IV criteria for another psychiatric disorder (60.6%, n = 54, vs. 40.6%, n = 117; χ2 = 14.8; df = 6; P < 0.05). The difference of total cholesterol levels between female (mean = 144.0, SD = 58.3; mean = 158.0, SD = 83.9; t = 4.5; P < 0.05) and male (mean = 133.7, SD = 50.5; mean = 163.6, SD = 69.7; t = 11.7; P < 0.01) attempters and non-attempters was statistically significant.Conclusion:These results suggest that suicide attempts in alcohol-dependent patients are associated with more profound biopsychosocial pathology and decreased serum cholesterol levels.

Increased risk of attempted suicide in Australian veterans is associated with total and permanent incapacitation, unemployment and posttraumatic stress disorder severity

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 552-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelyn Kerr ◽  
Madeline Romaniuk ◽  
Sarah McLeay ◽  
Andrew Khoo ◽  
Michael T Dent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Background: Military veterans have higher rates of suicidality and completed suicides compared to the general population. Previous research has demonstrated suicidal behaviour is higher in US combat veterans who are younger, suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety and score lower on measures of health. However, research on predictors of suicide for Australian veterans is limited. The aim of this study was to identify significant demographic and psychological differences between veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder who had attempted suicide and those with posttraumatic stress disorder who had not, as well as determine predictors of suicide attempts within an Australian cohort. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 229 ex-service personnel diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder who had attended a Military Service Trauma Recovery Day Program as outpatients at Toowong Private Hospital from 2007 to 2014. Patients completed a battery of mental health self-report questionnaires assessing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, alcohol use, anger, depression, anxiety and quality of life. Demographic information and self-reported history of suicide attempts were also recorded. Results: Results indicated the average age was significantly lower, and the rates of posttraumatic stress disorder, anger, anxiety and depression symptoms were significantly higher in those veterans with history of a suicide attempt. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity, unemployment or total and permanent incapacity pension status significantly predicted suicide attempt history. Conclusion: Among a cohort of Australian veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder, psychopathology severity, unemployment and total and permanent incapacity status are significantly associated with suicidality. This study highlights the importance of early identification of posttraumatic stress disorder and psychopathology, therapeutic and social engagement, and prioritisation of tangible employment options or meaningful and goal-directed activities for veterans deemed unable to work.

Prevalence of subthreshold forms of psychiatric disorders in persons making suicide attempts in Hungary

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 354-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Balázs ◽  
I. Bitter ◽  
Y. Lecrubier ◽  
N Csiszér ◽  
G. Ostorharics
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Current Threshold ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv

summaryBackground – Suicide and suicide attempts have been associated to psychiatric illnesses; however, little is known about the role in suicide risk of those symptoms that do not meet the full criteria for a DSM-IV disorder. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of subthreshold psychiatric disorders among suicide attempters in Hungary. Methods – Using a modified structured interview (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) determining 16 Axis I psychiatric diagnoses and their subthreshold forms defined by the DSM-IV and a semistructured interview collecting background information, the authors examined 140 consecutive suicide attempters, aged 18–65 years. Results – Eighty-three-point-six percent of the attempters had one or more current threshold diagnoses on Axis I and in addition more than three-quarters (78.6%) of the subjects had at least one subthreshold diagnosis. Six-point-four percent of the subjects (N = 9) had neither subthreshold nor threshold diagnoses at the time of their suicide attempts. Ten percent of the subjects (N = 14), not meeting the full criteria for any DSM-IV diagnoses, had at least one subthreshold diagnosis. In 68.6% of the subjects (N = 96), both subthreshold and threshold disorders were diagnosed at the time of their suicide attempts. The number of subthreshold and threshold diagnoses were positively and significantly related (χ2 = 5.12, df = 1, P < 0.05). Sixty-three-point-six percent of the individuals received two or more current threshold diagnoses on Axis I and 44.3% of the individuals (N = 62) had two or more subthreshold diagnoses at the time of their suicide attempts. Limitations – The subthreshold definitions in this study included only those forms of the disorders which required the same duration as the criteria DSM-IV disorder with fewer symptoms. Conclusions – Suicide attempts showed a very high prevalence of subthreshold disorders besides psychiatric disorders meeting the full criteria required according to the DSM-IV. Subthreshold forms of mental disorders need to be taken into account in suicide prevention.

scholarly journals Suicide Attempts and Associated Factors in Newfoundland and Labrador, 1998–2000

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 762-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Alaghehbandan ◽  
Kayla D Gates ◽  
Don MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Newfoundland And Labrador ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
Significant Public Health

Objective: This study examined the epidemiology and associated factors for suicide attempts requiring hospitalization in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Method: We extracted data from the provincial hospital separation database. Outcome measures included incidence rates (IRs) of suicide attempts by age, sex, and geographical region of residence. We also analyzed sociodemographic data to determine associated factors. Results: A total of 978 patients who were hospitalized owing to suicide attempts were identified for 1998–2000, giving an overall IR of 68.7 per 100 000 person-years (P-Y). The age-specific rate for people aged 15 to 19 years was much greater, at 143.0 per 100 000 P-Y. The overall female-to-male ratio was 1.3, with an attempted suicide rate of 76.1 per 100 000 P-Y for female patients and 60.3 per 100 000 P-Y for male patients ( P = 0.001). Labrador (210.2 per 100 000 P-Y), a region with a high Aboriginal population, had a higher rate of suicide attempts, compared with the island portion of the province (59.0 per 100 000 P-Y) ( P < 0.001). More than 70% of hospitalizations were associated with psychiatric diagnosis. Poisoning was the most frequent method of attempting suicide. Higher IRs of suicide attempts were found among people who were divorced or separated and among those who were less educated ( P < 0.001). Conclusions: Suicide attempt represents a significant public health concern in the province, particularly in Labrador. An increased risk of suicide attempts was associated with single status, female sex, younger age (teen or young adult), and low educational level during the index attempt. Further research is needed to explicate these findings and increase our understanding of attempted suicide.

scholarly journals Prospective study of risk factors for attempted suicide among patients with DSM–IV major depressive disorder

2005 ◽  
Vol 186 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Petteri Sokero ◽  
Tarja K. Melartin ◽  
Heikki J. Rytsälä ◽  
Ulla S. Leskelä ◽  
Paula S. Lestelä-Mielonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

BackgroundThere are few prospective studies on risk factors for attempted suicide among psychiatric out- and in-patients with major depressive disorder.AimsTo investigate risk factors for attempted suicide among psychiatric out- and in-patients with major depressive disorder inthe city of Vantaa, Finland.MethodThe Vantaa Depression Study included 269 patients with DSM–IV major depressive disorder diagnosed using semi-structured interviews and followed up at 6- and 18-month interviews with a life chart.ResultsDuring the 18-month follow-up, 8% of the patients attempted suicide. The relative risk of an attempt was 2.50 during partial remission and 7.54 during a major depressive episode, compared with full remission (P<0.001). Numerous factors were associated with this risk, but lacking a partner, previous suicide attempts and total time spent in major depressive episodes were the most robust predictors.ConclusionsSuicide attempts among patients with major depressive disorder are strongly associated with the presence and severity of depressive symptoms and predicted by lack of partner, previous suicide attempts and time spent in depression. Reducing the time spent depressed is a credible preventive measure.

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