Clinical and microbiological effects of fixed orthodontic appliances on periodontal tissues in adolescents

Pendahuluan. Perawatan ortodontik terutama yang cekat sudah banyak digunakan, bahkan akhir-akihir ini tidak hanya untuk kepentingan perawatan maloklusi gigi, tapi juga untuk estetika. Namun banyak pasien mengeluh adanya peradangan, bau mulut bahkan sampai terjadinya periodontitis berat, sampai kegoyahan gigi. Tujuan penulisan. Untuk mengetahui dampak yang ditimbulkan dari pemakaian alat ortodontik terhadap kesehatan jaringan periodontal. Dampak tersebut ditinjau dari efek alat ortodontik yang dapat meningkatkan akumulasi plak, iritasi yang ditimbulkan pada pemakaian band dan braket pada alat ortodontik, juga akibat tekanan yang ditimbulkan pada jaringan periodontal. Kesimpulan. Untuk meminimalkan dampak pemakaian alat ortodontik tersebut, seharusnya ditekankan pentingnya plak kontrol, juga harus dipertimbangkan tekanan yang diberikan pada jaringan periodontal. Introduction. Fixed orthodontic appliances is widely used, not only for treatment dental malacclusion, but also for aestetically. But many patient complain of gingival inflamation, severe periodontitis, event to luxation tooth. The aim of this review. Was to know the side effects of orthodontic appliances for periodontal healthy. Which was evaluated the effect of orthodontic appliances could increased the number of plaque retention, irritation of use appliances and also the pressure of this orthodontic appliances on periodontal tissues. The conclusion. To minimize the side effect of using orthodontic appliances, beside instruction for controle plaque, also consider the pressure exerted for periodontal tissues.

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Impact of Obesity on Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Adolescents: A Prospective Clinical Cohort Study

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/0022034516688448 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 96 (5) ◽

pp. 547-554 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

H.F. Saloom ◽

S.N. Papageorgiou ◽

G.H. Carpenter ◽

M.T. Cobourne

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Inflammatory Disorder ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Clinical Cohort ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

Obesity is a widespread chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by an increased overall disease burden and significant association with periodontitis. The aim of this prospective clinical cohort study was to investigate the effect of obesity on orthodontic tooth movement. Fifty-five adolescent patients (27 males, 28 females) with a mean (SD) age of 15.1 (1.7) years and mean (SD) body mass index (BMI) of 30.2 (3.5) kg/m2 in obese and 19.4 (2.2) kg/m2 in normal-weight groups were followed from start of treatment to completion of tooth alignment with fixed orthodontic appliances. Primary outcome was time taken to complete tooth alignment, while secondary outcomes included rate of tooth movement and change in clinical parameters (plaque/gingival indices, unstimulated whole-mouth salivary flow rate, gingival crevicular fluid biomarkers). Data collection took place at baseline (start of treatment: appliance placement), 1 h and 1 wk following appliance placement, and completion of alignment. Results were analyzed by descriptive statistics followed by generalized estimating equation regression modeling. There were no significant differences between groups in time taken to achieve tooth alignment (mean [SD] 158.7 [75.3] d; P = 0.486). However, at 1 wk, initial tooth displacement was significantly increased in the obese group ( P < 0.001), and after adjusting for confounders, obese patients had a significantly higher rate of tooth movement compared with normal-weight patients (+0.017 mm/d; 95% confidence interval, 0.008–0.025; P < 0.001) over the period of alignment. Explorative analyses indicated that levels of the adipokines leptin and resistin, the inflammatory marker myeloperoxidase (MPO), and the cytokine receptor for nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) were significantly different between obese- and normal-weight patients and associated with observed rates of tooth movement. This represents the first prospective data demonstrating a different response in obese patients compared with normal-weight patients during early orthodontic treatment. These differences in the response of periodontal tissues to orthodontic force in the presence of obesity have potential short- and long-term clinical implications.

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Improving medical care in patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis while using fixed orthodontic appliances

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kmj2074 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 250-253

Author(s):

G R Khaliullina ◽

S L Blashkova ◽

I G Mustafin

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Muramyl Dipeptide ◽

Secretory Iga ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Periodontal Inflammation ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Periodontal Index ◽

Fixed Appliances

Aim. To study the immunostimulating effect of glucosaminyl muramyl dipeptide in the treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment using fixed appliances. Methods. The data of clinical and laboratory examination of the oral health status in 54 patients aged 14-24 years with inflammatory periodontal diseases, undergoing orthodontic treatment using fixed appliances were analyzed. The first group included 26 patients in whom glucosaminyl muramyl dipeptide (1 mg sublingual tablets daily for 10 days) was additionally administered. The second group included 28 patients receiving standard treatment. The treatment efficacy estimation was based on subjective assessment, clinical, microbiological and immunological examinations. Results. After 6 weeks of treatment, there was a statistically significant reduction of simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-s) to 0.85±0.03 in patients of the first group, compared to 1.64±0,061 before treatment. Periodontal index (PI) and PMA index values were 0, reflecting good level of hygiene and no inflammation in periodontal tissues. In the second group, the OHI-s was 1.5±0.06, PI 0.71±0.04 and PMA 18±1.046%, reflecting mild gingivitis after the 6 weeks of treatment. Bacteriology showed that the number of colonies in the first group was reduced by 1-2 orders of magnitude on average after 6 weeks of treatment. Patients of the second group showed a significant (p 0.05) increase in the number of bacterial colonies potentially causing the periodontal inflammation. The level of secretory IgA after 6 weeks of combined treatment in the first patients group was 249.5±39.1 mg/ml, whereas in the second patients group it was 182.2±14.9 mg/ml, indicating the immunostimulating activity of the complex treatment administered in patients of the first group. Conclusion. This study shows the effectiveness of glucosaminyl muramyl dipeptide as immunostumulating drug in combined treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis in patients with dental braces.

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Assessment of salivary pro inflammatory cytokines profile level in patients treated with labial and lingual fixed orthodontic appliances

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0249999 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e0249999

Author(s):

Hosam Ali Baeshen

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Cellular Marker ◽

Wide Range ◽

Cytokine Levels ◽

Cellular Markers

The secretions of certain cytokines, chemokines and growth factors are triggered by orthodontic appliances, which often affect the remodelling of periodontal tissues. Critical cumulative forces are applied by various types of orthodontic appliances to the periodontium. The secretion of such molecules is probably responsible, through molecular and cellular communications, for the optimal resorption of hard tissues in the periodontal setting, which therefore enables the coordination of multiple movements of tooth. This study assessed and compared a wide range of cytokines, cellular marker analysis and defensins present in the saliva samples of human subjected to orthodontic treatment with two different treatment modalities, i.e., conventional lingual and labial fixed orthodontic appliances. A total 40 samples of saliva were obtained, of which 20 were treated with traditional lingual appliances and 20 were treated with labial fixed appliances. After 21 days of treatment, all salivary samples were collected from the subjects. In order to analyse a broad range of soluble cytokine levels in saliva by flow cytometry, a bead-based immunoassay was performed. Cell surface markers were analysed by flow cytometry. Protein levels of saliva for defensins were quantified by ELISA. Non-significant differences were observed in the cytokine levels in the saliva except for the significant effects for CCL2, IL-17A and IL-6. Cellular markers CD45 and CD326 showed high percentage in conventional lingual samples. Defensin levels were found to be lower in conventional lingual patients. Subjects with conventional lingual appliances had significantly higher salivary protein levels of IL-1β, CCL2, IL17A, and IL-6, higher CD45+ and CD326+ cells and lower defensin levels than subjects with fixed labial appliances. The current study provided a clear basis for the development of innovative methods to aid in the improvement of various procedural treatments and orthodontic equipment of next generation.

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The impact of fixed orthodontic appliances on oral microbiome dynamics in Japanese patients

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-78971-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Isamu Kado ◽

Junzo Hisatsune ◽

Keiko Tsuruda ◽

Kotaro Tanimoto ◽

Motoyuki Sugai

Keyword(s):

Relative Abundance ◽

Japanese Patients ◽

Oral Microbiome ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Periodontal Pathogens ◽

Supragingival Plaque ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Microbial Dna ◽

The Impact ◽

Level Analysis

AbstractFixed orthodontic appliances are common and effective tools to treat malocclusion. Adverse effects of these appliances, such as dental caries and periodontitis, may be associated with alteration of the microbiome. This study investigated the impact of these appliances on the dynamics of the oral microbiome. Seventy-one patients were selected. Supragingival plaque samples were collected before placement (T0) and six months after placement (T1). Saliva samples were collected at T0 and T1, and then when appliance removal (T2). Microbial DNA was analyzed by 16S rRNA meta-sequencing. The diversity analysis indicated dynamic changes in the structure of the oral microbiome. Taxonomic analysis at phylum level showed a significant increase in Bacteroidetes and Saccharibacteria (formally TM7) and decrease in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria over time, in both plaque and saliva. Genus level analysis of relative abundance indicated a significant increase in anaerobic and facultative anaerobes in both plaque and saliva. Fixed orthodontic appliances induced measurable changes in the oral microbiome. This was characterized by an increase in relative abundance of obligate anaerobes, including periodontal pathogens. It can be concluded that this dysbiosis induced by fixed orthodontic appliances is likely to represent a transitional stage in the shift in microbiome from healthy to periodontitis.

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A single-centre investigator-blinded randomised parallel group clinical trial to investigate the effect of probiotic strainsStreptococcus salivariusM18 andLactobacillus acidophiluson gingival health of paediatric patients undergoing treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances: study protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030638 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. e030638 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eleftherios G Kaklamanos ◽

Rania Nassar ◽

Sotirios Kalfas ◽

Manal Al Halabi ◽

Mawlood Kowash ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Oral Microbiome ◽

Control Group ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Single Centre ◽

Paediatric Patients ◽

Gingival Health ◽

Parallel Group ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

BackgroundThere is limited data on the beneficial effects of probiotics on the gingival health of patients undergoing treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. This study aims to compare the effect of probiotic tablets combined with regular oral hygiene versus regular oral hygiene alone on gingival status in these patients. The effect of probiotic intake on plaque formation and salivary microbiome composition will be also assessed.Methods and analysisThis is a 3 month single-centre, single blind (clinical and laboratory examiners), parallel group randomised controlled two arm superiority trial. Fifty paediatric patients attending the Postgraduate Orthodontic Clinic at the Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine (HBMCDM), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU), Dubai, United Arab Emirates, who meet the eligibility criteria will be recruited. Block randomisation with 1:1 allocation and concealment of allocation will be carried out. The treatment group will receive probiotic tablets containingStreptococcus salivariusM18 andLactobacillus acidophilustogether with regular oral hygiene versus the control group on regular oral hygiene alone. Clinical examination and collection of saliva for microbiome assay will be carried out at baseline and end of study. Self-reporting by patients will be used to document acceptability and adverse effects. Statistically significant decrease in gingival bleeding on probing in the treatment group will be classified as primary outcome of treatment success. Statistically significant reduction in Plaque Index, Gingival Index and shift in the composition of the oral microbiome in favour of beneficial bacteria are secondary outcomes indicative of efficacy of probiotic intake.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the study has been granted by the HBMCDM, MBRU, Institutional Review Board (Reference #: MBRU-IRB-2018–015). Study findings will be disseminated via publication in peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberISRCTN95085398

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