Drought stress in sorghum: Mitigation strategies, breeding methods and technologies—A review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ahmad Yahaya ◽  
Hussein Shimelis
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Breeding Methods

scholarly journals Improving Drought Tolerance in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek): Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Perspectives

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1534
Author(s):  
Chandra Mohan Singh ◽  
Poornima Singh ◽  
Chandrakant Tiwari ◽  
Shalini Purwar ◽  
Mukul Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
The Impact

Drought stress is considered a severe threat to crop production. It adversely affects the morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular functions of the plants, especially in short duration crops like mungbean. In the past few decades, significant progress has been made towards enhancing climate resilience in legumes through classical and next-generation breeding coupled with omics approaches. Various defence mechanisms have been reported as key players in crop adaptation to drought stress. Many researchers have identified potential donors, QTLs/genes and candidate genes associated to drought tolerance-related traits. However, cloning and exploitation of these loci/gene(s) in breeding programmes are still limited. To bridge the gap between theoretical research and practical breeding, we need to reveal the omics-assisted genetic variations associated with drought tolerance in mungbean to tackle this stress. Furthermore, the use of wild relatives in breeding programmes for drought tolerance is also limited and needs to be focused. Even after six years of decoding the whole genome sequence of mungbean, the genome-wide characterization and expression of various gene families and transcriptional factors are still lacking. Due to the complex nature of drought tolerance, it also requires integrating high throughput multi-omics approaches to increase breeding efficiency and genomic selection for rapid genetic gains to develop drought-tolerant mungbean cultivars. This review highlights the impact of drought stress on mungbean and mitigation strategies for breeding high-yielding drought-tolerant mungbean varieties through classical and modern omics technologies.

scholarly journals Farmers’ perceptions of navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production constraints, preferred traits, farming systems and their implications on bean breeding:  A case study from South East Lowveld region of Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Mutari ◽  
Julia Sibiya ◽  
Eileen Bongweh Nchanji ◽  
Kennedy Simango ◽  
Edmore Gasura
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Producer Price ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Legume Crop

Abstract Background: Navy bean is an important legume crop in Zimbabwe. Its production is limited by multiple constraints including biotic, abiotic and socio-economic. However, in the major navy bean-production regions of Zimbabwe, there is no recent study documenting biotic stress management strategies, farmers’ perceived production, and marketing constraints, and cultivar trait preferences. Thus, this study aimed at identifying farmers’ production constraints, preferred traits and cultivars of navy bean, and strategies used to mitigate some of these constraints.Methods: A Participatory Rural Appraisal approach involving transect walks, focus group discussions (FGDs), and formal surveys with semi-structured questionnaires was conducted in four villages of the Lowveld region of Zimbabwe. In each of the four villages, two FGDs (one for men and one for women) were conducted. A total of 176 (75 males and 101 females) navy bean growing households were interviewed. Data from household interviews and FGDs was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists computer package.Results: The most important constraints to navy bean production were drought stress (Females – 86 %, Males – 73 %), heat stress (Females – 58 %, Males – 55 %), power outages (Females – 46 %, Males – 54 %), poor soil fertility (Females – 32 %; Males – 33 %) and susceptibility to pod shattering (Females – 32 %, Males – 43 %). Mitigation strategies included mulching (18 %), ridges (12 %), reduced acreage (11 %), and cultivating to retain more soil moisture (11 %) for drought stress, while irrigating at night (32 %), and adjusting planting dates (29 %) were used to manage heat stress. Farmer-preferred traits included tolerance to drought and heat, early maturing varieties and disease resistance. Marketing constraints included non-payment for produce in hard currency, lack of diversity in terms of off-takers, high inflation, low grain producer price, delayed payment and breach of contract by contractors. Conclusion: There will be increased adoption of improved navy bean cultivars if breeding programs address the aforementioned constraints and consider farmer-preferred traits when developing new cultivars. Breeders should work closely with extension officers to ensure that cultivars released are cultivated with appropriate agronomic packages for increased productivity and high adoption.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF DROUGHT STRESS ON THE QUALITY OF MAJOR OILSEED CROPS: IMPLICATIONS AND POSSIBLE MITIGATION STRATEGIES – A REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 4019-4043 ◽  
Author(s):  
A EL SABAGH ◽  
A HOSSAIN ◽  
C BARUTÇULAR ◽  
O GORMUS ◽  
Z AHMAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Effects Of Drought

scholarly journals Sustainable bioenergy for climate mitigation: developing drought-tolerant trees and grasses

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Taylor ◽  
I S Donnison ◽  
D Murphy-Bokern ◽  
M Morgante ◽  
M-B Bogeat-Triboulot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Biogenic Carbon ◽  
The Future

Abstract Background and Aims Bioenergy crops are central to climate mitigation strategies that utilize biogenic carbon, such as BECCS (bioenergy with carbon capture and storage), alongside the use of biomass for heat, power, liquid fuels and, in the future, biorefining to chemicals. Several promising lignocellulosic crops are emerging that have no food role – fast-growing trees and grasses – but are well suited as bioenergy feedstocks, including Populus, Salix, Arundo, Miscanthus, Panicum and Sorghum. Scope These promising crops remain largely undomesticated and, until recently, have had limited germplasm resources. In order to avoid competition with food crops for land and nature conservation, it is likely that future bioenergy crops will be grown on marginal land that is not needed for food production and is of poor quality and subject to drought stress. Thus, here we define an ideotype for drought tolerance that will enable biomass production to be maintained in the face of moderate drought stress. This includes traits that can readily be measured in wide populations of several hundred unique genotypes for genome-wide association studies, alongside traits that are informative but can only easily be assessed in limited numbers or training populations that may be more suitable for genomic selection. Phenotyping, not genotyping, is now the major bottleneck for progress, since in all lignocellulosic crops studied extensive use has been made of next-generation sequencing such that several thousand markers are now available and populations are emerging that will enable rapid progress for drought-tolerance breeding. The emergence of novel technologies for targeted genotyping by sequencing are particularly welcome. Genome editing has already been demonstrated for Populus and offers significant potential for rapid deployment of drought-tolerant crops through manipulation of ABA receptors, as demonstrated in Arabidopsis, with other gene targets yet to be tested. Conclusions Bioenergy is predicted to be the fastest-developing renewable energy over the coming decade and significant investment over the past decade has been made in developing genomic resources and in collecting wild germplasm from within the natural ranges of several tree and grass crops. Harnessing these resources for climate-resilient crops for the future remains a challenge but one that is likely to be successful.

scholarly journals Drought stress in plants: An overview on implications, tolerance mechanisms and agronomic mitigation strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadam Hussain ◽  
Saddam Hussain ◽  
Tauqeer Qadir ◽  
Abdul Khaliq ◽  
Umair Ashraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Drought is considered as one of the major limiting factors affecting growth and productivity of crop plants. It severely affects the morphological and physiological activities of the plants and hampers the seed germination, root proliferation, biomass accumulation and final yield of field crops. Drought stress disrupts the biosynthesis of chlorophyll contents, carotene and decreases photosynthesis in plants. It gradually reduces CO2 assimilation rates owing to decrease in stomatal conductance. In addition, drought affects cell membrane stability and disrupts water relations of a plant by reducing water use efficiency. To cope with these situations, plants adopt different mechanisms such as drought tolerance, avoidance and escape. In this review, we discussed about the effects of drought on morphological and physiological characteristics of plants and suggested the different agronomic practices to overcome the deleterious effects of drought stress.

scholarly journals Implications of Abscisic Acid in the Drought Stress Tolerance of Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid Ali ◽  
Kashif Hayat ◽  
Amjad Iqbal ◽  
Linan Xie
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Stress Signals ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis

Drought is a severe environmental constraint, which significantly affects plant growth, productivity, and quality. Plants have developed specific mechanisms that perceive the stress signals and respond to external environmental changes via different mitigation strategies. Abscisic acid (ABA), being one of the phytohormones, serves as an important signaling mediator for plants’ adaptive response to a variety of environmental stresses. ABA triggers many physiological processes, including bud dormancy, seed germination, stomatal closure, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of stress-responsive gene expression. The site of its biosynthesis and action must be clarified to understand the signaling network of ABA. Various studies have documented multiple sites for ABA biosynthesis, their transporter proteins in the plasma membrane, and several components of ABA-dependent signaling pathways, suggesting that the ABA response to external stresses is a complex networking mechanism. Knowing about stress signals and responses will increase our ability to enhance crop stress tolerance through the use of various advanced techniques. This review will elaborate on the ABA biosynthesis, transportation, and signaling pathways at the molecular level in response to drought stress, which will add a new insight for future studies.

scholarly journals Farmers’ perceptions of navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production constraints, preferred traits and farming systems and their implications on bean breeding: a case study from South East Lowveld region of Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Mutari ◽  
Julia Sibiya ◽  
Eileen Bogweh Nchanji ◽  
Kennedy Simango ◽  
Edmore Gasura
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Producer Price ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
High Inflation

Abstract Background Navy bean is an important legume crop in Zimbabwe. Although its production in Zimbabwe is limited by multiple constraints including biotic, abiotic and socio-economic, there is no documented evidence. Thus, this study aimed at identifying farmers’ production constraints, preferred traits and cultivars of navy bean, and strategies used to mitigate some of these constraints. Methods A Participatory Rural Appraisal approach involving transect walks, focus group discussions (FGDs), and formal surveys with semi-structured questionnaires was conducted in four villages of the Lowveld region of Zimbabwe. In each of the four villages, two FGDs (one for men and one for women) were conducted. A total of 176 (75 males and 101 females) navy bean-growing households were interviewed. Data from household interviews and FGDs was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists computer package. Results The most important constraints to navy bean production were drought stress (Females—86%, Males—73%), heat stress (Females—58%, Males—55%), power outages (Females—46%, Males—54%), poor soil fertility (Females—32%; Males—33%) and susceptibility to pod shattering (Females—32%, Males—43%). Mitigation strategies included mulching (18%), ridges (12%), reduced acreage (11%), and cultivating to retain more soil moisture (11%) for drought stress, while irrigating at night (32%), and adjusting planting dates (29%) were used to manage heat stress. Farmer-preferred traits included tolerance to drought and heat, early maturing varieties and disease resistance. Marketing constraints included non-payment for produce in hard currency, lack of diversity in terms of off-takers, high inflation, low grain producer price, delayed payment and breach of contract by contractors. Conclusion There will be increased adoption of improved navy bean cultivars if breeding programs address the aforementioned constraints and consider farmer-preferred traits when developing new cultivars. Breeders should work closely with extension officers to ensure that cultivars released are cultivated with appropriate agronomic packages for increased productivity and high adoption.

scholarly journals Farmers’ Perceptions of Navy Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Production Constraints, Preferred Traits, Farming Systems and Their Implications on Bean Breeding: A Case Study from South East Lowveld Region of Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Mutari ◽  
Julia Sibiya ◽  
Eileen Bongweh Nchanji ◽  
Kennedy Simango ◽  
Edmore Gasura
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Producer Price ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Legume Crop

Abstract Background: Navy bean is an important legume crop in Zimbabwe. Its production is limited by multiple constraints including biotic, abiotic and socio-economic. However, there is no documented participatory research on production status, biotic stress management strategies, farmers’ perceived production, and marketing constraints, and cultivar trait preferences among the major navy bean growing regions. Thus, this study aimed at identifying farmers’ production constraints, preferred traits and cultivars of navy bean, and strategies used to mitigate some of these constraints.Methods: A Participatory Rural Appraisal approach involving transect walks, focus group discussions (FGDs), and formal surveys with semi-structured questionnaires was conducted in four villages of the Lowveld region of Zimbabwe. In each of the four villages, two FGDs (one for men and one for women) were conducted. A total of 176 (75 males and 101 females) navy bean growing households were interviewed. Data from household interviews and FGDs was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists computer package.Results: The most important constraints to navy bean production were drought stress (Females – 86 %, Males – 73 %), heat stress (Females – 58 %, Males – 55 %), load shedding (Females – 46 %, Males – 54 %), poor soil fertility (Females – 32 %; Males – 33 %) and susceptibility to pod shattering (Females – 32 %, Males – 43 %). Mitigation strategies included mulching (18 %), ridges (12 %), reduced acreage (11 %), and cultivating to retain more soil moisture (11 %) for drought stress, while irrigating at night (32 %), and adjusting planting dates (29 %) were used to manage heat stress. Farmer-preferred traits included tolerance to drought and heat, early maturing varieties and disease resistance. Marketing constraints included non-payment for produce in hard currency, lack of diversity in terms of off-takers, high inflation, low grain producer price, delayed payment and breach of contract by contractors. Conclusion: There will be increased adoption of improved navy bean cultivars if breeding programs address the aforementioned constraints and consider farmer-preferred traits when developing new cultivars. Breeders should work closely with extension officers to ensure that cultivars released are cultivated with appropriate agronomic packages for increased productivity and high adoption.

scholarly journals Drought and Heat Stress in Cool-Season Food Legumes in Sub-Tropical Regions: Consequences, Adaptation, and Mitigation Strategies

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1038
Author(s):  
Venugopalan Visha Kumari ◽  
Anirban Roy ◽  
Roshni Vijayan ◽  
Purabi Banerjee ◽  
Vivek Chandra Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Food Legumes ◽  
Drought And Heat Stress ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Adaptation And Mitigation

Drought and heat stress are two major abiotic stresses that challenge the sustainability of agriculture to a larger extend. The changing and unpredictable climate further aggravates the efforts made by researchers as well as farmers. The stresses during the terminal stage of cool-season food legumes may affect numerous physiological and biochemical reactions that may result in poor yield. The plants possess a good number of adaptative and avoiding mechanisms to sustain the adverse situation. The various agronomic and breeding approaches may help in stress-induced alteration. The physiological and biochemical response of crops to any adverse situation is very important to understand to develop mechanisms and approaches for tolerance in plants. Agronomic approaches like altering the planting time, seed priming, foliar application of various macro and micro nutrients, and the application of rhizobacteria may help in mitigating the adverse effect of heat and drought stress to some extent. Breeding approaches like trait-based selection, inheritance studies of marker-based selection, genetic approaches using the transcriptome and metabolome may further pave the way to select and develop crops with better heat and drought stress adaptation and mitigation.

scholarly journals Vegetation Drought Vulnerability Mapping Using a Copula Model of Vegetation Index and Meteorological Drought Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5103
Author(s):  
Jeongeun Won ◽  
Jiyu Seo ◽  
Jeonghoon Lee ◽  
Okjeong Lee ◽  
Sangdan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Far East ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Joint Probability Distribution ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Vegetation And Climate

Since vegetation is closely related to a variety of hydrological factors, the vegetation condition during a drought is greatly affected by moisture supply or moisture demand from the atmosphere. However, since feedback between vegetation and climate in the event of drought is very complex, it is necessary to construct a joint probability distribution that can describe and investigate the interrelationships between them. In other words, it is required to understand the interaction between vegetation and climate in terms of joint probability. In this study, the possibility of drought stress experienced by vegetation under various conditions occurring during drought was investigated by dividing drought into two aspects (atmospheric moisture supply and moisture demand). Meteorological drought indices that explain different aspects of drought and vegetation-related drought indexes that describe the state of vegetation were estimated using data remotely sensed by satellites in parts of Far East Asia centered on South Korea. Bivariate joint probability distribution modeling was performed from vegetation drought index and meteorological drought index using Copula. It was found that the relationship between the vegetation drought index and the meteorological drought index has regional characteristics and there is also a seasonal change. From the copula-based model, it was possible to quantify the conditional probability distribution for the drought stress of vegetation under meteorological drought scenarios that occur from different causes. Through this, by mapping the vulnerability of vegetation to meteorological drought in the study area, it was possible to spatially check how the vegetation responds differently depending on the season and meteorological causes. The probabilistic mapping of vegetation vulnerability to various aspects of meteorological drought may provide useful information for establishing mitigation strategies for ecological drought.

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