Laboratory Specimens and Genetic Privacy: Evolution of Legal Theory

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Huckaby Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Biological Tissue ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Genetic Privacy ◽  
Tissue Samples

Human biological tissue samples are an invaluable resource for biomedical research designed to find causes of diseases and their treatments. Controversy has arisen, however, when research has been conducted with laboratory specimens either without the consent of the source of the specimen or when the research conducted with the specimen has expanded beyond the scope of the original consent agreement. Moreover, disputes have arisen regarding which party, the researcher or the source of the specimen, has control over who may use the specimens and for what purposes. The purposes of this article are: (1) to summarize the most important litigation regarding the use of laboratory specimens, and (2) to demonstrate how legal theory regarding control of laboratory specimens has evolved from arguments based upon property interests in biological samples to claims that the origins of laboratory specimens have privacy interests in their genetic information that should be protected.

Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy (SBF-SEM) of Biological Tissue Samples

10.3791/62045 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin A. Courson ◽  
Paul T. Landry ◽  
Thao Do ◽  
Eric Spehlmann ◽  
Pascal J. Lafontant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Biological Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Face Scanning ◽  
Block Face ◽  
Scanning Electron

Genetic Privacy Laws and Patients' Fear of Discrimination by Health Insurers: The View from Genetic Counselors

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Hall ◽  
Stephen S. Rich
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Genetic Privacy ◽  
Genetic Tests ◽  
Group Health ◽  
Privacy Laws ◽  
Similar Legislation ◽  
Do So ◽  
Health Insurers

Since 1991, over half the states have enacted laws that restrict or prohibit insurers’ use of genetic information in pricing, issuing, or structuring health insurance. Wisconsin was the first state to do so, in 1991, followed by Ohio in 1993, California and Colorado in 1994, and then several more states a year in each of the next five years. Similar legislation has been pending in Congress for several years. Also, a 1996 federal law known as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) prohibits group health insurers from applying “preexisting condition” exclusions to genetic conditions that are indicated solely by genetic tests and not by any actual symptoms.

scholarly journals Consent for the use of human biological samples for biomedical research: a mixed methods study exploring the UK public's preferences

BMJ Open ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. e003022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celine Lewis ◽  
Margaret Clotworthy ◽  
Shona Hilton ◽  
Caroline Magee ◽  
Mark J Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals A 3D Scanning System for Inverse Analysis of Moist Biological Samples: Design and Validation Using Tendon Fascicle Bundles

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Dabrowska ◽  
Martyna Ekiert ◽  
Kaja Wojcik ◽  
Marek Kalemba ◽  
Andrzej Mlyniec
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
Inverse Analysis ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Model Development ◽  
3D Scanning ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

In this article, we present the design and validation of a non-contact scanning system for the development of a three-dimensional (3D) model of moist biological samples. Due to the irregular shapes and low stiffness of soft tissue samples, the use of a non-contact, reliable geometry scanning system with good accuracy and repeatability is required. We propose a reliable 3D scanning system consisting of a blue light profile sensor, stationary and rotating frames with stepper motors, gears and a five-phase stepping motor unit, single-axis robot, control system, and replaceable sample grips, which once mounted onto the sample, are used for both scanning and mechanical tests. The proposed system was validated by comparison of the cross-sectional areas calculated based on 3D models, digital caliper, and vision-based methods. Validation was done on regularly-shaped samples, a wooden twig, as well as tendon fascicle bundles. The 3D profiles were used for the development of the 3D computational model of the sample, including surface concavities. Our system allowed for 3D model development of samples with a relative error of less than 1.2% and high repeatability in approximately three minutes. This was crucial for the extraction of the mechanical properties and subsequent inverse analysis, enabling the calibration of complex material models.

scholarly journals An image formation model for Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry imaging of biological tissue samples

2010 ◽  
Vol 257 (4) ◽  
pp. 1267-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaia Volandri ◽  
Luca Menichetti ◽  
Marco Matteucci ◽  
Claudia Kusmic ◽  
Marco Consumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biological Tissue ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Imaging ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Image Formation ◽  
Formation Model ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Ion

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Characterizations of Spontaneously Beating Cardiomyocytes with Adaptive Reference Digital Image Correlation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akankshya Shradhanjali ◽  
Brandon D. Riehl ◽  
Bin Duan ◽  
Ruiguo Yang ◽  
Jung Yul Lim
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Digital Image Correlation ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Biological Tissue ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Myocardial Tissue ◽  
Tissue Development ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters

AbstractWe developed an Adaptive Reference-Digital Image Correlation (AR-DIC) method that enables unbiased and accurate mechanics measurements of moving biological tissue samples. We applied the AR-DIC analysis to a spontaneously beating cardiomyocyte (CM) tissue, and could provide correct quantifications of tissue displacement and strain for the beating CMs utilizing physiologically-relevant, sarcomere displacement length-based contraction criteria. The data were further synthesized into novel spatiotemporal parameters of CM contraction to account for the CM beating homogeneity, synchronicity, and propagation as holistic measures of functional myocardial tissue development. Our AR-DIC analyses may thus provide advanced non-invasive characterization tools for assessing the development of spontaneously contracting CMs, suggesting an applicability in myocardial regenerative medicine.

Regulating Genetic Information—Exploring the Options in Legal Theory

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisling de Paor
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Information ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Genetic Technology ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Genetic Technologies ◽  
Genetic Science

Ground-breaking genetic discoveries and technological advances have introduced a new world of genetic exploration, and technological advances have facilitated the discovery of the genetic basis of a myriad of diseases. Genetic testing promises to potentially revolutionise health care and offer the potential of personalised medicine. Genetic technology may also offer the means to detect potential future disabilities. In light of rapid advances in genetic science and technology, questions arise as to whether an appropriate framework exists to protect the interests of individuals, prevent the misuse of genetic information by interested third parties, and also to encourage further advances in genetic science. In consideration of rapidly advancing genetic technologies and the ethical and legal concerns that arise, this article examines the regulation of genetic information, primarily from a theoretical perspective. It explores the preferable mode of regulation and choice of regulatory frameworks in legal theory, including non-discrimination, privacy and property.

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