scholarly journals Subjectively-defined optimal/non-optimal time of day modulates controlled but not automatic retrieval processes in verbal memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. e12798
Author(s):  
Delphine Puttaert ◽  
Stéphane Adam ◽  
Philippe Peigneux
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Automatic Retrieval ◽  
Retrieval Processes

scholarly journals Mild Cognitive Impairments Moderate the Effect of Time on Verbal Fluency Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Demetriou ◽  
Roee Holtzer
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Word Generation ◽  
Transitional State ◽  
Automatic Retrieval ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Category Fluency

AbstractObjectives: Mild cognitive impairments (MCI) is a transitional state in aging associated with increased risk of incident dementia. The current study investigated whether MCI status moderated the effect of time on word generation during verbal fluency tasks. Specifically, the objective was to determine whether MCI status had differential effects on initial automatic or latter more effortful retrieval processes of fluency tasks. Methods: Participants were community residing older adults enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study. Of the 408 participants, 353 were normal (age=76.06±6.61; %female=57.8) and 55 were diagnosed with MCI (age=78.62±7.00; %female=52.7). Phonemic and category fluency were each administered for 60 s, but performance was recorded at three consecutive 20-s intervals (0–20 s [T1], 21–40 s [T2], 41–60 s [T3]. Separate linear mixed effects models for each fluency task were used to determine the effects of group, time, and their interaction on word generation. Results: In both fluency tasks, word generation declined as a function of time. Individuals with MCI generated fewer words compared to controls during the first 20 s of phonemic (beta=−1.56; p<.001; d=0.28) and category fluency (beta=−1.85; p<.001; d=0.37). Group by time interactions revealed that individuals with MCI demonstrated attenuated declines in word generation from the first to the second and third time intervals of both phonemic ([T1 vs. T2] beta=2.17, p=.001; d=0.41; [T1 vs. T3]beta=2.28, p=.001; d=0.45) and category ([T1 vs. T2] beta= 2.22, p=.002; d=0.50; [T1 vs. T3]beta=3.16, p<.001; d=0.71) fluency. Conclusions: Early automatic retrieval processes in verbal fluency tasks are compromised in MCI. (JINS, 2017, 23, 44–55)

scholarly journals Eyewitness identification performance is not affected by time-of-day optimality

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergii Yaremenko ◽  
Melanie Sauerland ◽  
Lorraine Hope
Keyword(s):  
Eyewitness Identification ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Identification Performance ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Facial Stimuli ◽  
Time Accuracy ◽  
Accuracy Relationship

AbstractThe circadian rhythm regulates arousal levels throughout the day and determines optimal periods for engaging in mental activities. Individuals differ in the time of day at which they reach their peak: Morning-type individuals are at their best in the morning and evening types perform better in the evening. Performance in recall and recognition of non-facial stimuli is generally superior at an individual’s circadian peak. In two studies (Ns = 103 and 324), we tested the effect of time-of-testing optimality on eyewitness identification performance. Morning- and evening-type participants viewed stimulus films depicting staged crimes and made identification decisions from target-present and target-absent lineups either at their optimal or non-optimal time-of-day. We expected that participants would make more accurate identification decisions and that the confidence-accuracy and decision time-accuracy relationships would be stronger at optimal compared to non-optimal time of day. In Experiment 1, identification accuracy was unexpectedly superior at non-optimal compared to optimal time of day in target-present lineups. In Experiment 2, identification accuracy did not differ between the optimal and non-optimal time of day. Contrary to our expectations, confidence-accuracy relationship was generally stronger at non-optimal compared to optimal time of day. In line with our predictions, non-optimal testing eliminated decision-time-accuracy relationship in Experiment 1.

scholarly journals An Examination of Circadian Impacts on Judgments

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-353
Author(s):  
David L. Dickinson ◽  
Andrew R. Smith ◽  
Robert McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Insufficient Sleep ◽  
Circadian Timing ◽  
Evidence Strength ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Many people suffer from insufficient sleep and the adverse effects of sleep deprivation are well documented. Research has shown that people’s judgments can be affected by circadian timing. Across three studies, we examined the impact of time-of-day on people’s judgments about hypothetical legal scenarios, hypothesizing that participants responding at a suboptimal time of day (3–5 a.m.) would give higher guilt ratings and be less sensitive to case information (e.g., evidence strength) than participants responding at a more optimal time of day (2–4 p.m.). Although the time-of-day manipulation influenced participants’ self-reported alertness levels, time-of-day did not affect guilt judgments or sensitivity to case information. This research adds to the literature on how extraneous factors may and may not impact probability assessments.

scholarly journals Optimal Time-of-Day and Consolidation of Learning in Younger and Older Adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Hogan ◽  
Clare A. M. Kelly ◽  
Diarmuid Verrier ◽  
John Newell ◽  
Lynn Hasher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Optimal Time

Time of Day and Accurate Weights for Patients With Heart Failure

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-115
Author(s):  
Alice M. Siehoff ◽  
Catherine Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Significant Health

Heart failure (HF) is a significant health problem in the United States. It is estimated that 5.8 million Americans currently live with a diagnosis of HF (American Heart Association, 2010). Despite the fact that daily weight monitoring of patients with HF in the hospital has long been a standard part of monitoring effectiveness of treatment, the literature is lacking recommendations based on evidence specific to the optimal time of day for weighing inpatients. The clinical question under consideration is the following: In hospitalized patients with HF, does consistently measuring weights in the evening compared to early morning accurately reflect differences in net weight gain or loss?In this quasi-experimental, prospective cohort pilot study, 29 patients who met inclusion criteria were weighed in the morning and again in the evening. Results of this study revealed predictable differences for morning (M = 3.09, SD = 2.06) and evening weights (M = 2.47, SD = 1.80); t(28) = −2.602, p = .015. For study patients with three consecutive days of weights (N = 24), Pearson product-moment correlations revealed a statistically significant correlation between individual differences/changes in a.m. and p.m. weights, r(22) = .752, p < .001.The implication for clinical practice is that weights should be measured at a consistent time of day. This may be the morning or evening.

Optimal Time of Day and the Magnitude of Age Differences in Memory

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 326-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia P. May ◽  
Lynn Hasher ◽  
Ellen R. Stoltzfus
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Optimal Performance ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Late Afternoon

Across two studies comparing younger and older adults, age differences in optimal performance periods were identified (Study 1), and then shown to be an important determinant of memory differences (Study 2). A norming study showed that while most younger adults were Evening or Neutral types, as determined by a standard questionnaire, the vast majority of older adults were Morning types. A second study compared the recognition performance of younger and older adults tested in the morning or in the late afternoon. Substantial age differences were found in the late afternoon, when younger but not older adults were at their optimal times. However, no age differences in memory performance were found in the morning, when older but not younger adults were at their peak period. Thus, synchrony between optimal performance periods and the time at which testing is conducted may well be a critical variable in determining group differences in intellectual performance, particularly between older and younger adults.

scholarly journals The Effect of Timing of Exercise and Eating on Postprandial Response in Adults: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marah Aqeel ◽  
Anna Forster ◽  
Elizabeth Richards ◽  
Erin Hennessy ◽  
Bethany McGowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Postprandial Glycemia ◽  
Postprandial Response

Type 2 diabetes is a major public health concern. Management of this condition has focused on behavior modification through diet and exercise interventions. A growing body of evidence has focused on temporality of dietary intake and exercise and potential effects on health. This review summarizes current literature that investigates the question “how does the timing of exercise relative to eating throughout the day effect postprandial response in adults?” Databases PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus were searched between March–May 2019. Experimental studies conducted in healthy adults (≥18 y) and those with type 2 diabetes were included. Full texts were examined by at least two independent reviewers. Seventeen studies with a total of 332 participants met the inclusion criteria. The primary finding supports that exercise performed post-meal regardless of time of day had a beneficial impact on postprandial glycemia. There was insufficient evidence regarding whether timing of exercise performed pre- vs. post-meal or vice versa in a day is related to improved postprandial glycemic response due to inherent differences between studies. Future studies focusing on the investigation of timing and occurrence of meal intake and exercise throughout the day are needed to inform whether there is, and what is, an optimal time for these behaviors regarding long-term health outcomes.

Examining the Role of Exercise Timing in Weight Management: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Blankenship ◽  
Rebecca C. Rosenberg ◽  
Corey A. Rynders ◽  
Edward L. Melanson ◽  
Victoria A. Catenacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Body Weight Regulation ◽  
Exercise Timing ◽  
Variable Weight ◽  
Fat Mass Loss

AbstractMany adults cite exercise as a primary strategy for losing weight, yet exercise alone is modestly effective for weight loss and results in variable weight loss responses. It is possible that some of the variability in weight loss may be explained by the time of day that exercise is performed. Few studies have directly compared the effects of exercise performed at different times of the day (i. e., morning versus evening exercise). Results from these existing studies are mixed with some studies demonstrating superior weight and fat mass loss from morning exercise, while other studies have found that evening exercise may be better for weight management. Exercise timing may alter modifiable lifestyle behaviors involved in weight management, such as non-exercise physical activity, energy intake, and sleep. The purpose of this review is to summarize evidence for and against time-of-day dependent effects of exercise on weight management. Although limited, we also review studies that have examined the effect of exercise timing on other lifestyle behaviors linked to body weight regulation. While exercise at any time of day is beneficial for health, understanding whether there is an optimal time of day to exercise may advance personalized treatment paradigms for weight management.

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