scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis reveals nutrition‐ and age‐related patterns of gene expression in the fat body of pre‐overwintering bumble bee queens

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 720-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudinéia P. Costa ◽  
Michelle A. Duennes ◽  
Kaleigh Fisher ◽  
Joshua P. Der ◽  
Kristal M. Watrous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Gene Expression Changes in the Silkworm (Bombyx mori) in Response to Hydrogen Sulfide Exposure

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1110
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Yu-Yao Cao ◽  
Juan Du ◽  
Kiran Thakur ◽  
Shun-Ming Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Transport Pathway ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Study Gene Expression

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recognized for its beneficial influence on physiological alterations. The development (body weight) and economic characteristics (cocoon weight, cocoon shell ratio, and cocoon shell weight) of silkworms were increased after continuous 7.5 µM H2S treatment. In the present study, gene expression changes in the fat body of silkworms at the 5th instar larvae in response to the H2S were investigated through comparative transcriptome analysis. Moreover, the expression pattern of significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the 5th instar larvae was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) after H2S exposure. A total of 1200 (DEGs) was identified, of which 977 DEGs were up-regulated and 223 DEGs were down-regulated. Most of the DEGs were involved in the transport pathway, cellular community, carbohydrate metabolism, and immune-associated signal transduction. The up regulated genes under H2S exposure were involved in endocytosis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, the citrate cycle (TCA cycle), and the synthesis of fibroin, while genes related to inflammation were down-regulated, indicating that H2S could promote energy metabolism, the transport pathway, silk synthesis, and inhibit inflammation in the silkworm. In addition, the expression levels of these genes were increased or decreased in a time-dependent manner during the 5th instar larvae. These results provided insight into the effects of H2S on silkworms at the transcriptional level and a substantial foundation for understanding H2S function.

Transcriptome analysis reveals gene expression changes of the fat body of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) in response to selenium treatment

Chemosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 125660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Jiang ◽  
Li-Li Peng ◽  
Yu-Yao Cao ◽  
Kiran Thakur ◽  
Fei Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Selenium Treatment ◽  
Bombyx Mori L ◽  
Silkworm Bombyx Mori

scholarly journals RNA-seq analysis of workers' brain reveals that queen and brood affect bumble bee worker reproduction via similar genetic pathways

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Santos ◽  
David Galbraith ◽  
Jesse Starkey ◽  
Etya Amsalem
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Differentially Expressed Gene ◽  
Worker Reproduction ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Evolution Of Sociality ◽  
Worker Sterility

Worker reproduction in social insects is often regulated by the queen’s presence but can be regulated by other colony members, such as the brood and nestmates. Adults and brood may induce the same outcomes in subordinates but may use different mechanisms. Here, we compared gene expression patterns in bumble bee workers (Bombus impatiens) in response to the queen, the brood, both or none. RNA‐seq analysis of workers’ brain identified 27 differentially expressed genes regulated by the queen and the brood. Expression levels of 8 candidate genes were re-tested using qRT-PCR in worker brain and fat body. Our results show that the brood’s effect on gene expression is substantially weaker than the queen, and a greater impact on gene expression was caused by the combined presence of the queen and the brood. All the genes that were explained by the brood presence were also regulated by the queen presence. A significant amount of the variation in gene expression was explained by the queen, that regulated the expression of key regulators of reproduction and brood care across insects, such as neuroparsin and vitellogenin. A comparison of the data with similar datasets in the honeybee and the raider ant revealed that neuroparsin is the only differentially expressed gene shared by all species. These data highlight the need to consider components other than the queen when examining mechanisms regulating worker sterility and provide information on key genes regulating reproduction that are likely to play an important role in the evolution of sociality.

scholarly journals Shift in worker physiology and gene expression pattern from reproductive to diapause-like with colony age in the bumble bee Bombus impatiens

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin D. Treanore ◽  
Jacklyn M. Kiner ◽  
Mackenzie E. Kerner ◽  
Etya Amsalem
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Ovarian Activation

AbstractInsects maximize their fitness by exhibiting predictable and adaptive seasonal patterns in response to changing environmental conditions. These seasonal patterns are often expressed even when insects are kept in captivity, suggesting they are functionally and evolutionary important.In this study we examined whether workers of the eusocial bumble bee Bombus impatiens maintained a seasonal signature when kept in captivity. We used an integrative approach and compared worker egg-laying, ovarian activation, body size and mass, lipid content in the fat body, cold tolerance and expression of genes related to cold tolerance, metabolism, and stress throughout colony development.We found that bumble bee worker physiology and gene expression patterns shift from reproductive-like to diapause-like as the colony ages. Workers eclosing early in the colony cycle had increased egg-laying and ovarian activation, and reduced cold tolerance, body size, mass, and lipid content in the fat body, in line with a reproductive-like profile, while late-eclosing workers exhibited the opposite characteristics. Furthermore, expression patterns of genes associated with reproduction and diapause differed between early- and late-eclosing workers, partially following the physiological patterns.We suggest that a seasonal signature, innate to individual workers, the queen or the colony is used by workers as a social cue determining the phenology of the colony and discuss possible implications for understanding reproductive division of labor in bumble bee colonies and the evolutionary divergence of female castes in the genus Bombus.

scholarly journals Inflamm-Aging Is Associated with Lower Plasma PTX3 Concentrations and an Impaired Capacity of PBMCs to Express hTERT following LPS Stimulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron L. Slusher ◽  
Tiffany M. Zúñiga ◽  
Edmund O. Acevedo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Htert Gene ◽  
Age Related

Age-related elevations in proinflammatory cytokines, known as inflamm-aging, are associated with shorter immune cell telomere lengths. Purpose. This study examined the relationship of plasma PTX3 concentrations, a biomarker of appropriate immune function, with telomere length in 15 middle-aged (40-64 years) and 15 young adults (20-31 years). In addition, PBMCs were isolated from middle-aged and young adults to examine their capacity to express a key mechanistic component of telomere length maintenance, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), following ex vivo cellular stimulation. Methods. Plasma PTX3 and inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β, and TNF-α), PBMC telomere lengths, and PBMC hTERT gene expression and inflammatory protein secretion following exposure to LPS, PTX3, and PTX3+LPS were measured. Results. Aging was accompanied by the accumulation of centrally located visceral adipose tissue, without changes in body weight and BMI, and alterations in the systemic inflammatory milieu (decreased plasma PTX3 and TGF-β; increased TNF-α (p≤0.050)). In addition, shorter telomere lengths in middle-aged compared to young adults (p=0.011) were negatively associated with age, body fat percentages, and plasma TNF-α (r=−0.404, p=0.027; r=−0.427, p=0.019; and r=−0.323, p=0.041, respectively). Finally, the capacity of PBMCs to increase hTERT gene expression following ex vivo stimulation was impaired in middle-aged compared to young adults (p=0.033) and negatively associated with telomere lengths (r=0.353, p=0.028). Conclusions. Proinflammation and the impaired hTERT gene expression capacity of PBMCs may contribute to age-related telomere attrition and disease.

scholarly journals Age-related differences in monocyte DNA methylation and immune function in healthy Kenyan adults and children

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine R. Dobbs ◽  
Paula Embury ◽  
Emmily Koech ◽  
Sidney Ogolla ◽  
Stephen Munga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Inflammatory Gene Expression ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Adults And Children

Abstract Background Age-related changes in adaptive and innate immune cells have been associated with a decline in effective immunity and chronic, low-grade inflammation. Epigenetic, transcriptional, and functional changes in monocytes occur with aging, though most studies to date have focused on differences between young adults and the elderly in populations with European ancestry; few data exist regarding changes that occur in circulating monocytes during the first few decades of life or in African populations. We analyzed DNA methylation profiles, cytokine production, and inflammatory gene expression profiles in monocytes from young adults and children from western Kenya. Results We identified several hypo- and hyper-methylated CpG sites in monocytes from Kenyan young adults vs. children that replicated findings in the current literature of differential DNA methylation in monocytes from elderly persons vs. young adults across diverse populations. Differentially methylated CpG sites were also noted in gene regions important to inflammation and innate immune responses. Monocytes from Kenyan young adults vs. children displayed increased production of IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12p70 in response to TLR4 and TLR2/1 stimulation as well as distinct inflammatory gene expression profiles. Conclusions These findings complement previous reports of age-related methylation changes in isolated monocytes and provide novel insights into the role of age-associated changes in innate immune functions.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis of gravitational effects on mouse skeletal muscles under microgravity and artificial 1 g onboard environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Risa Okada ◽  
Shin-ichiro Fujita ◽  
Riku Suzuki ◽  
Takuto Hayashi ◽  
Hirona Tsubouchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles

AbstractSpaceflight causes a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength. We set two murine experimental groups in orbit for 35 days aboard the International Space Station, under artificial earth-gravity (artificial 1 g; AG) and microgravity (μg; MG), to investigate whether artificial 1 g exposure prevents muscle atrophy at the molecular level. Our main findings indicated that AG onboard environment prevented changes under microgravity in soleus muscle not only in muscle mass and fiber type composition but also in the alteration of gene expression profiles. In particular, transcriptome analysis suggested that AG condition could prevent the alterations of some atrophy-related genes. We further screened novel candidate genes to reveal the muscle atrophy mechanism from these gene expression profiles. We suggest the potential role of Cacng1 in the atrophy of myotubes using in vitro and in vivo gene transductions. This critical project may accelerate the elucidation of muscle atrophy mechanisms.

scholarly journals Gene Expression Profile in Different Age Groups and Its Association with Cognitive Function in Healthy Malay Adults in Malaysia

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1611
Author(s):  
Nur Fathiah Abdul Abdul Sani ◽  
Ahmad Imran Zaydi Amir Amir Hamzah ◽  
Zulzikry Hafiz Abu Abu Bakar ◽  
Yasmin Anum Mohd Mohd Yusof ◽  
Suzana Makpol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Genetic Network ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

The mechanism of cognitive aging at the molecular level is complex and not well understood. Growing evidence suggests that cognitive differences might also be caused by ethnicity. Thus, this study aims to determine the gene expression changes associated with age-related cognitive decline among Malay adults in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 healthy Malay subjects, aged between 28 and 79, and recruited around Selangor and Klang Valley, Malaysia. Gene expression analysis was performed using a HumanHT-12v4.0 Expression BeadChip microarray kit. The top 20 differentially expressed genes at p < 0.05 and fold change (FC) = 1.2 showed that PAFAH1B3, HIST1H1E, KCNA3, TM7SF2, RGS1, and TGFBRAP1 were regulated with increased age. The gene set analysis suggests that the Malay adult’s susceptibility to developing age-related cognitive decline might be due to the changes in gene expression patterns associated with inflammation, signal transduction, and metabolic pathway in the genetic network. It may, perhaps, have important implications for finding a biomarker for cognitive decline and offer molecular targets to achieve successful aging, mainly in the Malay population in Malaysia.

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