Linking root exudation to belowground economic traits for resource acquisition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihui Wen ◽  
Philip J. White ◽  
Jianbo Shen ◽  
Hans Lambers
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudation ◽  
Resource Acquisition ◽  
Economic Traits

scholarly journals Shift from Acquisitive to Conservative Root Resource Acquisition Strategy Associated with Increasing Tree Age: A Case Study of Fraxinus mandshurica

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1797
Author(s):  
Zuwang Li ◽  
Zhi Liu ◽  
Guoqiang Gao ◽  
Xinlei Yang ◽  
Jiacun Gu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Resource Acquisition ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Tissue Density ◽  
Acquisition Strategy ◽  
Chemical Traits

Tree age has an important effect on the form and function of fine roots. Previous studies have focused on the variations in root morphological and chemical traits among tree ages, while less attention has been given to the physiological traits, impeding a full understanding of the relationship between root resource acquisition strategy and tree age. Here, we measured root morphological (diameter, specific root length, specific root area and tissue density), chemical (nitrogen concentration) and physiological (respiration and exudation rate) traits of young, middle-aged and mature trees of Fraxinus mandshurica in a temperate secondary forest in northeastern China. Our overall aim was to determine how root traits and related resource acquisition strategy change with tree age. The results showed that from young to mature trees, root diameter gradually increased, but specific root length, specific root area, root nitrogen concentration, respiration and exudation rates all decreased, and the significant differences were mainly found between young and mature trees. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that the relationships of root respiration and exudation rates to root morphological and chemical traits depended on tree age and the specific traits examined, but these correlations were all significant except for root tissue density when the data were pooled across all tree age classes. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the conservative traits represented by root diameter, and the acquisitive traits such as root respiration and exudation rates and related morphological and chemical traits, occupied two ends of the first axis, respectively, while root tissue density occupied one end of the second axis, partially confirming the conceptual framework of “root economics space”. Standardized major axis (SMA) analysis of root exudation and respiration rates showed that young trees allocated more root carbon flux to the formation of root exudation, compared to middle-aged and mature trees. Our findings suggest that root resource acquisition strategy in F. mandshurica appears to shift from an absorptive to conservative strategy associated with increasing tree age, which may have substantial consequences for individual growth and interspecific competition, as well as belowground carbon allocation in ecosystems.

COMBINING ABILITY FOR INHERITANCE OF ECONOMIC TRAITS IN OPIUM POPPY (Papaver somniferum L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
B. Kumar ◽  
N. K. Patra
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Opium Poppy ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Parental Material ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is an important medicinal plant produces more than 80 alkaloids obtained from the capsules and straw of the plant. The estimate of combining ability gives an indication of the genetic behaviour of the parental material. It is therefore, desirable to select the parents for hybridization on the basis of their per se performance and combining ability effects. The F1, F2 and their reciprocals of an eight parent diallel cross in opium poppy were studied for combining ability of seven economic traits. The mean sum of squares due to GCA, SCA and reciprocals were significant for all the traits. The magnitude of GCA variances were invariably higher than those of SCA and thus indicating the preponderance of non-additive genetic variances, which was further affirmed by the measure of average degree of dominance i.e. ?(?2s/? 2g).  Among the parents VN35I for plant height, Sanchita and VG26 for capsules per plant, VN23, VN35I and Vivek for capsule index, VG26 and Sanchita for seed and straw yield per plant, and VN35I and VG20 for morphine content were found good general combiners. Earliness being a desired trait, parent VG20 having significant negative GCA estimates coupled with per se performance can be considered as good general combiner for early flowering. Inclusion of good general combiners in a multiple crossing program or an inter-mating population involving all possible crosses among them subjected to bi-parental mating may be expected to offer maximum promise in breeding for economic traits.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v24i2.17000

The Effects of Team Human Resource Acquisition on Employee Well-Being

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-197
Author(s):  
Hee Young Lim ◽  
Na Young Kwon ◽  
Min Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Resource Acquisition

Effect of Weather Factors on the Variability of Economic Characteristics in Sunflower Hybrids

2019 ◽  
pp. 70-84
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Weather Factors

This article presents the results of twelve-year trials of the Region and Ryabota simple hybrids and the three-line hybrid Kameniar breeding laboratory of IOC NAANU hybrid labs, and analyzes their adaptation to ongoing climate change. The purpose of our work was to determine the formation of major economic traits in sunflower hybrids, depending on the agro-climatic conditions of the year.

Formation and composition of training flax collection

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
L.M. Kryvosheieva ◽  
V.I. Chuchvaha ◽  
N.M. Kandyba
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

Aim. Based on the results of multi-year research into the flax gene pool, to form a flax training collection to provide breeding scientific organizations and educational institutions with collection samples as well as with information about the bast crop gene pool. Results and Discussion. The studies were conducted in the crop rotation fields for breeding and seed production of the Institute of Bast Crops of the NAAS (Hlukhiv, Sumska Oblast) in 1992-2018. The field measurements and laboratory analyses were carried out in accordance with conventional methods of field and laboratory studies of collection flax samples.The article presents the results on the formation of a training collection of flax at the Institute of Bast Crops of the NAAS, which has 117 accessions (11 botanical species and three varieties) from 22 countries. In addition to species diversity, the collection includes accessions with different levels of expression of valuable economic and biological characteristics. It also includes accessions selected by phenotypic variability of individual characters or their combinations. The multi-year research into the flax collection accessions resulted in identification of sources of highly-expressed valuable economic traits, which are of interest for the plant breeding course. The history of flax breeding in Ukraine is shown, where breeding varieties that are most widespread or were significant breeding achievements in solving certain problems, are presented. The collection can be used as a visual aid for the plant breeding course in educational programs; in addition, it can provide starting material for scientific and educational institutions. The collection is registered with the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine (certificate No. 00273 dated 04/11/2019). Conclusions. The studies of accessions from the national flax collection allowed us to build up a training collection and register it with the NCPGRU. The collection represents a wide range of biological and economic features of the gene pool of this crop. The collection can be used in the educational process of educational agricultural and biological institutions. The multi-year research into the national flax collection resulted in identification of sources of highly-expressed valuable economic traits, which are of interest to the plant breeding course. The history of flax breeding in Ukraine got covered, and breeding varieties that are most widespread or were significant breeding achievements in solving certain problems are presented.

Sweet cherry collection composition and breeding value of Melitopol experimental station of horticulture

2019 ◽  
pp. 108-120
Author(s):  
L.M. Tolstolik
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Parent Stock ◽  
Western European ◽  
One Year ◽  
Morphogenic Process

Aim. To evaluate the composition and breeding potential of a gene poolcollection of sweet cherry varieties of M.F. SydorenkoMelitopolResearch Station of Fruit Growing of the Institute of Horticulture, NAAS of Ukraine. Result and Discussion.The results of studying the morphological, economic and biological features of sweet cherry (Cerasusavium L. Moench) varieties from the gene pool collection of MelitopolExperimental Station of Horticulturenamed after M.F. Sidorenko of the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS are presented. The history of the collection creation and the genealogy of modern Ukrainian varieties were analyzed. We found that they were the 1st and 2nd generations of traditional Western European varieties. Major sweet cherry varieties that had been most often used in developing modern Ukrainian assortment, were identified. Analysis of the collection showed that 111 accessions of 129 were varieties bred in Melitopol, 40 of which are officially registered.The other accessions are elite forms, which failed the state variety trials or are being tested according to the competitive design. Among the latter, promising forms (candidates for varieties and pre-breeding forms) were distinguished, as they are sources of valuable economic traits. It was determined that the morphogenic process had contributed to the diversity in fruit quality features, which enabled building up a trait collection of sweet cherries for 20 traits with 82 levels of their expression. However, morphogenesis almost did not affect the growth power, fructification nature, generative organs, fructification time and resistance to diseases, therefore there are no significant differences in these features between the collection accessions bred at Melitopol Experimental Station of Horticulture named after M.F. Sidorenko of the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS. Most of the varieties grown on Magalebian cherry plantlet have extensive crowns, bear fruit on "May bouquets" and, after one-year growth, are winter hardy, tolerant to drought, moderately and highly resistant to spur blight and leaf spot as well as self-infertile. On this parent stock, most of the varieties come into fruition after 5-6 years and quickly increase their yields. It was established that enrichment of the gene pool collection with valuable introduced accessions and their wide involvement in hybridization were currently the key objectives aimed at expansion of morphogenesis limits to obtain competitive varieties with high adaptability, productivity and marketability. Conclusions. Modern Ukrainian varieties are the 1st and 2nd generations of traditional Western European varieties. German variety Drogansgelbeknorpelkirsche (DroganaZhyoltaya) with its clone Napoleon Belaya and Russian-Ukrainian variety Valeriy Chkalov were the most actively used in their development. 86% of the gene pool collection of MelitopolExperimental Stationof Horticulture named after M.F. Sidorenkoof the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS are varieties bred in Melitopol differing mainly in ripening time and fruit quality. The collection contains released varieties, a number of sources of valuable traits and, as a tool for the effective implementation of modern breeding programs, requires enrichment with varieties of other eco-geographical groups.

A trait collection of spring groat barley

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
I.A. Petukhova ◽  
V.K. Riabchun ◽  
V.A. Muzapharova ◽  
O.I. Padalka ◽  
T.A. Sheliakina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The goal of our research was to form a collection of groats barley, to search, to select and to evaluate starting material of spring barley for a set of valuable economic traits, technological properties and culinary qualities of barley groats. Results and Discussion. Basing on to the results of assessments, we identified selected 55 spring barley accessions, which were characterized by 17 traits and 75 expression levels. The collection includes accessions from 11 countries; the largest number of accessions (59) are from Ukraine; 39 – from Russia; 10 - from Belarus; 10 - from Germany; 6 - from France; 5 - from Kazakhstan; 4 - from Canada; 3 - from the Czech Republic; 2 – from Great Britain; 1 accesson is from Serbia; and 1 - from Austria. Accessions combining high levels of expression of different traits are the most valuable. They include the following accessions: Doridnyi, Vodohrai, Sviatomykhailivskyi, Svarozhych, Soka, Іlot (UKR). Naked accessions include: Akhilles (UKR), Mayskiy, Oskar, Golozyornyy 1, Omskiy Golozyornyy 1 (RUS), CDC Alamo, CDC Candle (CAN). These varieties can be starting material for creation of new modern high-performance spring groats barley varieties. Ten valuable accessions registered with the NCPGRU (Sovіra, Doridnyi, Soka, Vodohrai, Partner, Yukatan, Avhii, Svarozhych, Baskak, and Virtuoz) were included in the trait groats collection. Conclusions. Basing on the results of multiyear studies, we formed the trait collection of spring groats barley comprising 140 accessions from 11 countries. The collection includes 55 reference accessions that cover 17 traits (plant height, vegetation period, ear length, grain weight per ear, 1000-grain weight, grain shape, grain evenness, vitreousness, culinary qualities of barley groats, etc.) characterized by 75 levels of their expression. The collection is of considerable value for science and education. The accessions selected allow improving the efficiency of breeding to create new varieties with high technological and culinary properties as well as with a set of valuable economic characteristics.

Evaluation of collection accessions of fodder grasses for economical traits

2018 ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
L.Z. Baistruk-Hlodan ◽  
M.M. Khomiak ◽  
G.Z. Zhapaleu ◽  
G.L. Koval
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
The State ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
State Register ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
Resource Collection ◽  
Fodder Grasses

The goal was to include new accessions of perennial leguminous and cereal grasses to the collection, to evaluate them in terms of a set of valuable morphological and economic features and to identify sources of these features for breeding.Results and discussion. The collections of gene pool accessions created due to introduction of cultivars and wild forms as well as breeding accessions identified during practical breeding serve as initial material for the breeding of red clover, alsike clover and cock's-foot in the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region. For the period of 2000-2017, 944 accessions of forage grasses registered in the Central Database were included in the collection: 405 legumes (red clover – 161, alsike clover – 11) and 539 cereals (cock's-foot – 145); 591 accessions were stored in the National Depository. In-depth studies of morphological and economic traits of the accessions allowed us to create and to register a basic collection of the forage grasses gene pool, a trait collection of red clover for yield and resistance to powdery mildew (it includes 52 accessions from 5 countries), a trait collection of cock's-foot for yield and resistance to unfavorable factors (49 accessions from 8 countries) and to register valuable red clover accession No. 193 and cock's-foot accession Drogobychanka Piznia with the NCPGRU. Based on the collection accessions, varieties were created and included in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Dissemination in Ukraine: red clover Truskavchanka since 2016, alsike clover Prydnistrovska since 2002, cock's-foot Marichka since 2014. Since 2015, red clover variety Ukrainochka and cock's-foot variety Boikivchanka have been tested in the state scientific expert evaluation.Conclusions. The creation of the genetic resource collection allowed us to study and analyze the genetic potential of the species, to identify initial material with valuable economical traits, which will significantly increase the efficiency of fodder grasses breeding.

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