The relatively low genomic variation of current U.S. soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merill] cultivars constrains the improvement of grain yield, seed quality, and other agronomic traits within soybean breeding programs. Recently, a substantial effort has been undertaken to introduce novel genetic diversity present in wild soybean (Glycine soja Siebold and Zucc.) into new elite cultivars, in both public and private applied soybean breeding programs. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the phenotypic diversity within a core collection of 80 G. soja plant introductions (PIs) in the United States Department of Agriculture National Genetic Resources Program that were collected in China, Japan, Russia, and South Korea, and to analyze the correlations between agronomic and seed composition traits. Field tests were conducted in Missouri and North Carolina during three years, 2013, 2014, and 2015, in a randomized complete block design (n=3). The phenotypic data collected included plant maturity date, seed weight, and the seed concentration of protein, oil, essential amino acid, fatty acid, and soluble carbohydrates. Analyzing the data from six environments, we found genotype was a significant (p less than 0.0001) source of variation for maturity date, seed weight, seed protein and amino acids, seed oil and fatty acids, and seed carbohydrates. Significant correlations were observed between numerous traits. The core collection had lower seed weight, higher seed content of protein, linolenic acid, raffinose and stachyose but lower seed content of oil and oleic acid than those of the cultivated soybean lines that were used as checks. The amino acid profile of the core collection was significantly different from that of the checks. An association analysis revealed 19 SNP that were significantly associated with maturity, seed weight, and seed contents of aspartic acid, glutamine, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. The information and data collected in this study will be invaluable in guiding soybean breeders and geneticists in selecting promising Glycine soja plant introductions for research and cultivar improvement. In addition the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the contents of seed protein and oil, maturity, branching traits, height, lodging, and yield in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed from one single F2 plant from the cross between Osage and PI593983 was carried out. The mapping population in this study included 164 F4:6 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Osage, a cultivated soybean variety, and PI593983, a wild soybean accession. Field tests were carried out in Missouri for two years during 2016 and 2017, in a randomized complete block design (n=2). Both protein and oil contents showed high heritabilities. Seed protein and seed oil were negatively correlated (-0.77). A total of 4,374 polymorphic markers were used to construct a genetic linkage map, and nine QTLs for protein content, explained 7.6 to 36.7% of variance, and seven QTLs for oil content, explained for 7.8 to 29.7% of variance, were detected using composite interval mapping. addition we identified eight novel QTLs and confirmed sixteen QTLs associated with maturity (R2 = 6.4 to 26.3%), plant height (R2 = 7.4 to 15.5%), and total branch length (R2 = 9.3% and 14.5%) in individual and across environments, and the ratio of total branch length to plant height (R2 = 11.8%), yield (R2 =12.8 and 15.7), and lodging (R2 = 12.1 and 13.4) in individual studied environments. Sixteen QTLs for maturity, yield, and plant height confirmed previously reported QTLs, and eight QTLs have not been reported before. The results of this study will facilitate the identification of the causative genes for seed protein and oil, maturity, height, lodging, and branching traits, and will help soybean breeder improve soybean performance by developing markers for marker-assisted selection.
Impact of seed protein alleles from three soybean sources on seed composition and agronomic traits
