Economical provision of blood components for critical patient transport across a large geographic area

Transfusion ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Latimer ◽  
Richard B. Utarnachitt ◽  
Erin E. Tuott ◽  
John R. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Area ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Patient Transport ◽  
Large Geographic Area

A widespread decrease in productivity of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) populations in western North America

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1255-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall M. Peterman ◽  
Brigitte Dorner
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large Geographic Area ◽  
Marine Areas

We used data on 64 stocks of sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ) from British Columbia (B.C.), Washington, and Alaska to determine whether recent decreases in abundance and productivity observed for Fraser River, B.C., sockeye have occurred more widely. We found that decreasing time trends in productivity have occurred across a large geographic area ranging from Washington, B.C., southeast Alaska, and up through the Yakutat peninsula, Alaska, but not in central and western Alaska. Furthermore, a pattern of predominantly shared trends across southern stocks and opposite trends between them and stocks from western Alaska was present in the past (1950–1985), but correlations have intensified since then. The spatial extent of declining productivity of sockeye salmon has important implications for management as well as research into potential causes of the declines. Further research should focus on mechanisms that operate at large, multiregional spatial scales, and (or) in marine areas where numerous correlated sockeye stocks overlap.

scholarly journals 505 Support Group Lives on Virtually Despite Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S99-S100
Author(s):  
Lyndsay Deeter ◽  
Rebecca Garber
Keyword(s):  
Support Group ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Burn Survivors ◽  
It Support ◽  
Large Geographic Area ◽  
State Region ◽  
Host Organization ◽  
Virtual Support ◽  
Safety Guidelines

Abstract Introduction Support group for burn survivors is immensely beneficial for reintegration and normalization of the burn recovery. The corona virus pandemic, however, limited in-person interactions significantly and decreased the travel capabilities. Our regional burn center serves an 8-state region, and as such, our every other month in-person support group consisted of survivors and family members from a large geographic area. Methods Support group volunteers and staff members recognized the need for continued support of survivors during the pandemic. Limitations of large, in-person meetings were implemented by our host organization to comply with pandemic safety guidelines. Evaluation of resources available led to development of a virtually supported meeting space. Email addresses were gathered to schedule. This allowed for interaction of survivors from an unlimited geographic area. Results Support group survivor volunteers and staff met to develop parameters, topics, IT support and logistics. Every other month support group was converted to a monthly gathering virtually due to easier access by survivors. Attendees completed a survey to evaluate and make recommendations for opportunities for improvement. The same number of survivors were present for in person and virtual meetings. Conclusions During this pandemic, limitations were placed that further isolate survivors. A virtually based support group has allowed for more frequent interactions between volunteers and new survivors. Various topics were discussed including survivor preparedness for public reintegration, worker’s compensation and care giver burnout. Speakers from multiple disciplines have been able to address issues requested by survivors. In this format, we have been able to continue the support of our survivors as they continue to recover. Social distancing has isolated many people during the pandemic; virtual support group has been paramount in continuing to connect our survivor family.

Effects of Covid-19 Pandemy Over Maritime Transport: An Evaluation of Supply-demand Balance

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 83-97
Author(s):  
Murat Danisman ◽  
Erkut Akkartal
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Spreading Speed ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Service Companies ◽  
Large Geographic Area ◽  
The One ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Freight Market

This research aims to examine the covid-19 pandemic measurements taken in maritime transport and their possible effects on the supply-demand equilibrium and consequently on the freight market. Covid-19 virus which infected quite large geographic area and people within very short time affects negatively not only every part of our life but also the production and service sector within the globalised world.  This is mainly because the future tendency and further effects of this virus are unpredictable. Because of that, most countries are focused firstly on measurements to be taken to reduce the spreading speed of the virus. Although measurements and restrictions seem reduced spreading speed in some countries in short term, those measurements increase the operating costs of production and service companies. On the one hand reduction on cargo movements due to low demand and increasing operation cost due to measurements, have effected the supply-demand equilibrium of maritime transportation. This research examined the effects of already taken and could be revised measurements due to the present situation and possible future tendency of covid-19, and its consequential results on the freight market.

Evolving the Security Paradigm for Industrial IoT Environments

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-90
Author(s):  
Luis Rosa ◽  
Miguel Borges de Freitas ◽  
João Henriques ◽  
Pedro Quitério ◽  
Filipe Caldeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Platform Architecture ◽  
Industrial Iot ◽  
Automation And Control ◽  
Large Geographic Area ◽  
And Control ◽  
Detection Evaluation ◽  
Anomaly Detection System

In recent years, IACS (Industrial Automation and Control Systems) have become more complex, due to the increasing number of interconnected devices. This IoT (internet of things)-centric IACS paradigm, which is at the core of the Industry 4.0 concept, expands the infrastructure boundaries beyond the aggregated-plant, mono-operator vision, being dispersed over a large geographic area. From a cybersecurity-centric perspective, the distributed nature of modern IACS makes it difficult not only to understand the nature of incidents but also to assess their progression and threat profile. Defending against those threats is becoming increasingly difficult, requiring orchestrated and collaborative distributed detection, evaluation, and reaction capabilities beyond the scope of a single entity. This chapter presents the Intrusion and Anomaly Detection System platform architecture that was designed and developed within the scope of the ATENA H2020 project, to address the specific needs of distributed IACS while providing (near) real-time cybersecurity awareness.

scholarly journals Population structure of the New Zealand whelk, Cominella glandiformis (Gastropoda: Buccinidae), suggests sporadic dispersal of a direct developer

2020 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Kirsten M Donald ◽  
Graham A McCulloch ◽  
Ludovic Dutoit ◽  
Hamish G Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Null Alleles ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Large Geographic Area ◽  
Oceanic Currents ◽  
Minimal Evidence

Abstract We examined phylogeographic structure in the direct-developing New Zealand endemic intertidal mud whelk, Cominella glandiformis. Two hundred and ninety-six whelks from 12 sites were collected from sheltered shores around New Zealand’s four largest islands (North Island, South Island, Stewart Island and Chatham Island), encompassing the geographical range of this species. Despite being direct developers, gene flow among C. glandiformis populations may occur over short distances by adult floating, and over larger distances by rafting of egg masses. Primers were developed to amplify variable microsatellite regions at six loci. All loci were variable, with 8–34 alleles/loci. Observed and expected heterozygosities were high across all alleles, with minimal evidence of null alleles. The average number of alleles varied from 3.5 (Chatham Island) to 7.5 (Waitemata Harbour). Strong genetic structure was evident, with distinct ‘eastern’ and ‘western’ groups. Each group extended over a large geographic area, including regions of unsuitable habitat, but were linked by oceanic currents. We suggest that the intraspecific geographic genetic structure in C. glandiformis has arisen due a combination of ocean currents (promoting gene flow between geographically distant regions) and upwelling areas (limiting gene flow between certain regions).

Emergency Department Return Visits Within a Large Geographic Area

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi Truong ◽  
Garth Meckler ◽  
Quynh H. Doan
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Large Geographic Area ◽  
Return Visits

scholarly journals Indirect method for validating transference of reference intervals

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Lykkeboe ◽  
Claus Gyrup Nielsen ◽  
Peter Astrup Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Information System ◽  
Indirect Method ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Laboratory Information System ◽  
Large Geographic Area ◽  
Reference Serum ◽  
Analytical Platforms

AbstractBackground:Transference of reference intervals (RIs) from multicentre studies are often verified by use of a small number of samples from reference individuals or by the use of one serum sample (Serum X for NORIP RI). Despite recommended and appropriate methods, both have inconveniencies and drawbacks. Several attempts have been made to develop an indirect method, which uses historical data from the laboratory. These methods are retrospective relying on older test results. A near prospective method would be preferable for the laboratories introducing new methods or changing analytical platforms.Methods:We performed a data mining experiment using results from our laboratory information system covering patients from a large geographic area. Request patterns for patients with assumed healthy characteristics were identified and used to extract laboratory results for calculation of new RI by an indirect method. Calculated RI and confidence intervals (CIs) were compared to transferred NORIP RI verified by NFKK Reference Serum X.Results:We found that our indirect method and NFKK Reference Serum X in general produced similar results when verifying transference of RI. The method produces results for all stratifications. Only single stratifications and one analyte showed unexplained incongruences to the NORIP RI.Conclusions:Our results suggest using request patterns as a surrogate measure for good health status. This allows for a data mining method for validation of RI or validating their transference, which is likely to be applicable in countries with similar healthcare and laboratory information system.

Siltstone: a key to cyclicity in mixed siliciclastic–carbonate successions: example from Upper Ordovician Kope Formation (Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky)

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 823-835
Author(s):  
Nathan Marshall ◽  
Carlton E. Brett
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Area ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Large Geographic Area ◽  
Carbonate Cyclicity ◽  
Kope Formation ◽  
Fossiliferous Limestone

The Upper Ordovician (mid-Katian) Kope Formation provides an example of how a detailed study of fine-grained siliciclastic sediment can provide sedimentological insights. The Kope Formation is an exemplar of mixed siliciclastic–carbonate cyclicity; however, most of the sedimentological research to date has focused on the fossiliferous limestone beds. Conversely, this paper provides a detailed investigation of siltstone within 42 metre-scale cycles from 26 locations spanning a large geographic area. The objective of the study is twofold: (i) to confirm the mineralogical nature of silt-sized sediment. Currently, silt-sized sediment is irregularly defined as being either carbonate or siliciclastic rich. This paper uses X-ray diffraction, thin-section, and elemental analyses to determine the mineralogy of the silt; (ii) to determine the stratigraphic distribution of siltstone beds. If a distinctive and reoccurring distribution of siltstone can be found, then it can provide additional information about environmental energy changes that led to cyclic fossiliferous limestone formation. This study finds that silt within the Kope Formation is siliciclastic and siltstone, therefore, records periodic minor pulses of coarser terrigenous sediment. Predominantly, metre-scale limestone–shale cycles show an increasing abundance of siltstone beds in the upper half of the shale interval, with a marked decrease just before the capping limestone. This finding supports the idea that limestone formation occurred during slowing sedimentation, perhaps at a time of maximum sea-level rise. Furthermore, decametre-scale fluctuations in siltstone abundance are similar in pattern to previously documented faunal variations, indicating that fauna assemblage might be more controlled by turbidity and not depth.

scholarly journals Genetic and ecological differentiation between the butterfly sisterspecies Colias alfacariensis and Colias hyale

2002 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F.R. Cleary ◽  
Henri Descimon ◽  
Steph B.J. Menken
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Distributional Pattern ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
Large Geographic Area ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Low Levels

Clear habitat separation between the sister species Colias alfacariensis and C. hyale is shown when occurring sympatrically. Colias hyale is found more often in moist cultivated pastures while Colias alfacariensis is more abundant in dry uncultivated habitat. Out of a total of 16 loci, no diagnostic loci were found between C. alfacariensis and C. hyale, and both species shared most major polymorphisms. Exceptions were the marked differences in allele frequencies at the HK locus and only C. hyale, but not C. alfacariensis was further invariable at the GOT2 locus, which is usually highly polymorphic in the Pieridae. Colias hyale has a significantly lower level of heterozygosity than its sister species C. alfacariensis. In Colias alfacariensis heterozygosity is highest in the Alps and lowest in the low-lying region of Northern France, Both species show high levels of gene flow over a large geographic area. Within C. alfacariensis, but not in C. hyale, the FST value of the PGI locus is significantly different from zero effectively separating the species into populations with high levels of the ’ b’ allele to the west and North, and low levels of the allele in the Alps and Italy. This could point to selection within the PGI locus in line with the well established pattern of selection at the PGI locus in other species of Colias. Glaciations have been an important force in shaping the evolutionary history of European biota, leading to extinction, but also allowing new species to evolve into the newly available land as the ice sheets retreated. The genetic and distributional pattern found between both Colias species suggests that habitat shifts and subsequent adaptation during glaciations could have played an important role in their speciation.

scholarly journals The Use of LiDAR Terrain Data in Characterizing Surface Roughness and Microtopography

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen M. Brubaker ◽  
Wayne L. Myers ◽  
Patrick J. Drohan ◽  
Douglas A. Miller ◽  
Elizabeth W. Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Initial Point ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
New Era ◽  
Data Resolution ◽  
Point Density ◽  
Large Geographic Area ◽  
Research Grade ◽  
The Difference

The availability of light detection and ranging data (LiDAR) has resulted in a new era of landscape analysis. For example, improvements in LiDAR data resolution may make it possible to accurately model microtopography over a large geographic area; however, data resolution and processing costs versus resulting accuracy may be too costly. We examined two LiDAR datasets of differing resolutions, a low point density (0.714 points/m2spacing) 1 m DEM available statewide in Pennsylvania and a high point density (10.28 points/m2spacing) 1 m DEM research-grade DEM, and compared the calculated roughness between both resulting DEMs using standard deviation of slope, standard deviation of curvature, a pit fill index, and the difference between a smoothed splined surface and the original DEM. These results were then compared to field-surveyed plots and transects of microterrain. Using both datasets, patterns of roughness were identified, which were associated with different landforms derived from hydrogeomorphic features such as stream channels, gullies, and depressions. Lowland areas tended to have the highest roughness values for all methods, with other areas showing distinctive patterns of roughness values across metrics. However, our results suggest that the high-resolution research-grade LiDAR did not improve roughness modeling in comparison to the coarser statewide LiDAR. We conclude that resolution and initial point density may not be as important as the algorithm and methodology used to generate a LiDAR-derived DEM for roughness modeling purposes.

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