Thermochemical analysis of Palm Oil Wastes as fuel for Biomass Gasification

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma ◽  
Anwar Johari ◽  
Arshad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Combustion Heat ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Increasing Trend

The production of palm oil in Malaysia generates large quantities of solid waste annually. A small fraction is currently utilized for steam and electricity production in palm oil mills. However, a large fraction is openly combusted or incinerated resulting in increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Gasification is considered to be a promising technology for converting bio waste into clean energy. It involves the partial oxidation of carbonaceous materials into gaseous products at high temperatures. This study is aimed at evaluating the thermal and physical properties of EFB, Shell and Fibre palm oil waste as gasification fuel. This is vital for the design, optimization and operation of biomass gasifiers. Consequently, the heating value (HHV), specific heat (c), combustion rate (CR), combustion heat (Q) of the wastes were determined. The results showed that the c, CR, Q displayed an increasing trend in the order EFB, Shell and Fibre. Furthermore, c, CR, Qwere significantly influenced by the organic and mineral content of the fuels. The results for heating value were EFB 17.97 MJ/kg, Fibre 18.71 MJ/kg and Shell 19.07 MJ/kg.

scholarly journals Assessment of survival potential of four grid-connected solar photovoltaic power stations in Jiangsu Province, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Li
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
Survival Potential

Abstract The aim of this study is to analyze the feasibility of the construction of 1-MW grid-connected solar photovoltaic (GCSPV) power stations at four locations of Jiangsu province, China. The economic, emission, sensitivity and risk analyses of the proposed systems are all performed using the RETScreen clean energy management software. The GCSPV system in Xuzhou is more economically viable than those in other regions under consideration, while this system in Nanjing is relatively less economically viable. The GCSPV power stations in Xuzhou have the largest annual Greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions reduction due to its largest electricity production from the proposed system. The sensitivity analysis results on NPV show significant variations due to the variations of electricity export rate (EER) and initial costs (ICs) parameters. The NPV of the proposed system increases from 707,589 $ to 2,046,766 $ with the increase of the EER, while the NPV of the system decreases with the increase of the ICs at the same of EER. The risk analysis shows the largest influence on the NPV of the project is the change of the EER with positive correlation, while the least impact on the NPV is the debt term with positive correlation.

scholarly journals Can Hydropower Still Be Considered a Clean Energy Source? Compelling Evidence from a Middle-Sized Hydropower Station in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuerong Li ◽  
Faliang Gui ◽  
Qingpeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Hydropower Station ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Fossil Carbon ◽  
Global Economic Growth

The development of clean energy is of great importance in alleviating both the energy crisis and environmental pollution resulting from rapid global economic growth. Hydroelectric generation is considered climate benign, as it neither requires fossil carbon to produce energy nor emits large amounts of greenhouse gases (GHG), unlike conventional energy generation techniques such as coal and oil power plants. However, dams and their associated reservoirs are not entirely GHG-neutral and their classification as a clean source of energy requires further investigation. This study evaluated the environmental impact of the Xiajiang hydropower station based on life cycle assessment (LCA) according to the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines, focusing specifically on GHG emissions after the submersion of the reservoir. Results reveal that although hydropower is not as clean as we thought, it is still an absolute “low emissions” power type in China. The amount of GHG emissions produced by this station is 3.72 million tons with an emissions coefficient of 32.63 g CO2eq/kWh. This figure is lower than that of thermal power, thus implying that hydropower is still a clean energy resource in China. Our recommendations to further minimize the environmental impacts of this station are the optimization of relevant structural designs, the utilization of new and improved construction materials, and the extension of farmland lifting technology.

scholarly journals Biochar and Energy Production: Valorizing Swine Manure through Coupling Co-Digestion and Pyrolysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén González ◽  
Judith González ◽  
José G. Rosas ◽  
Richard Smith ◽  
Xiomar Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil

Anaerobic digestion is an established technological option for the treatment of agricultural residues and livestock wastes beneficially producing renewable energy and digestate as biofertilizer. This technology also has significant potential for becoming an essential component of biorefineries for valorizing lignocellulosic biomass due to its great versatility in assimilating a wide spectrum of carbonaceous materials. The integration of anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis of its digestates for enhanced waste treatment was studied. A theoretical analysis was performed for three scenarios based on the thermal needs of the process: The treatment of swine manure (scenario 1), co-digestion with crop wastes (scenario 2), and addition of residual glycerine (scenario 3). The selected plant design basis was to produce biochar and electricity via combined heat and power units. For electricity production, the best performing scenario was scenario 3 (producing three times more electricity than scenario 1), with scenario 2 resulting in the highest production of biochar (double the biochar production and 1.7 times more electricity than scenario 1), but being highly penalized by the great thermal demand associated with digestate dewatering. Sensitivity analysis was performed using a central composite design, predominantly to evaluate the bio-oil yield and its high heating value, as well as digestate dewatering. Results demonstrated the effect of these parameters on electricity production and on the global thermal demand of the plant. The main significant factor was the solid content attained in the dewatering process, which excessively penalized the global process for values lower than 25% TS.

Energy Transition and Post-COVID World

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
E. Telegina
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Digital World

Received 13.01.2021. The coronavirus pandemic has accelerated global economic, technological and social transformation, including the energy sector, and has given the impetus to energy transition from organic fuels to clean energy sources. Though oil will remain an important energy resource in the global energy balance, in the long run renewables will become the leading energy. The European Union and China are the leaders in implementation of energy transition strategies from fossil to clean energy. The transformation in the energy market has affected dramatically the relations between producers and consumers, who now actively determine the consumption trends (for example, green energy, electric vehicles, etc.). Distributed generation and blockchain in power industry enable the consumers to play an active part in the electricity production and distribution chains. Digital transformation and climate agenda are changing the structure of energy business from vertically integrated companies to knowledge-intensive networks. Investors almost unanimously vote for renewable energy. The largest oil and gas companies change their long-term strategies and transform into energy holdings with the prevailing share of renewables in the business structure. Hydrogen attracts particular attention as a promising energy source. The EU plans to develop hydrogen transport infrastructure. For its part, Russia has the ability to supply hydrogen to the European market through the existing gas pipelines. Coronacrisis accelerated the development of online services, artificial intelligence, and distant work. Education and telemedicine received a powerful impetus for further development. Еducation becomes continuous process in the digital world. New educational ecosystems in which skills and competencies are worked out on an interdisciplinary basis are formed. Digital transformation meets the expectations of the generation Z, which in the coming decades will become economically active and will dominate in social and economic agenda. Digitalization, adaptive nature-like technologies, environmentally friendly energy resources, flexible horizontal network between market participants are already a post-COVID reality.

scholarly journals French Energy Sector in Search for Optimal Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 156-171
Author(s):  
A. V. Zimakov
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The Eu

Clean energy transition is one of major transformation processes in the EU. There are different approaches among EU countries to decarbonization of their energy systems. The article deals with clean energy transition in France with the emphasis on power generation. While this transformation process is in line with similar developments in the EU, the Franch case has its distinct nature due to nuclear power domination in electricity production there. It represents a challenge for the current model as the transition is linked to a sharp drop of nuclear share in the power mix. It is important to understand the trajectory of further clean energy transition in France and its ultimate model. The article reviews the historical roots of the current model (which stems from Messmer plan of the 1970-es) and its development over years, as well as assesses its drawbacks and merits in order to outline possible future prospects. The conclusion is that the desired reduction of nuclear energy is linked not solely to greening process but has a complex of reasons, the ageing of nuclear reactors being one of them. Nuclear power remains an important low-carbon technology allowing France to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. A desired future energy model in France can be understood based on the analysis of new legislation and government action plans. The targeted model is expected to balance of nuclear and green energy in the generation mix in 50% to 40% proportion by 2035, with the rest left to gas power generation. Being pragmatic, French government aims at partial nuclear reactors shut down provided that this will not lead to the rise of GHG emissions, energy market distortions, or electricity price hikes. The balanced French model is believed to be a softer and socially comfortable option of low-carbon model.

Numerical Study of Coal Composition Effects on the Performance of Gasification Through Computational Fluid Dynamic

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Nazir Unar ◽  
Suhail Ahmed Soomro ◽  
Ghulamullah Maitlo ◽  
Shaheen Aziz ◽  
Rasool Bux Mahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Coal Composition ◽  
Coal Reserves

Abstract Pakistan is very rich in coal reserves specifically after exploration of Thar coal reserves. At the same time country is facing energy crises due to shortage or unavailability of sustainable fuel supply at a cheaper rate. One potential solution is coal gasification which gives clean synthetic gas usually called syngas for use as an alternative fuel source for electricity production at a cheaper rate as well as a source of recovering different chemicals used as basic raw materials in other industries. Numerical simulations have been performed in this work for the gasification process of indigenous coal on a 2D computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model of downdraft entrained-flow gasifier using commercial CFD software FLUENT®6.3.26. Navier-stokes equations along with transport equations for species have been solved using eddy-dissipation combustion model. The compositions of indigenous coals (Thar, Lakhra, and Sonda) were used in simulations as gasification feedstock. Rich oxidant conditions 95 % O2 and 5 % N2 were set for gasification. The gasification performance was studied by comparing efficiencies of gasification and quality of syngas produced for three types of coal feedings. The temperature and pressure profiles inside the gasifier were also studied. From simulation results, the great influence of coal composition was observed in the performance of gasification. Lakhra coal produced syngas with a maximum heating value of 20.55 MJ/kg whereas sonda coal produced syngas with a minimum heating value of 17.96 MJ/kg.

scholarly journals Properties and Characteristics of Compressed Biofuel Production from Empty Palm Fruit Bunches

2019 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Tanuwat Larptansuphaphol ◽  
Penja Jitjumroonchokchai
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Composition Ratios

Thailand sits in the third place of the global rankings for crude palm oil production with an annual output of approximately 2 million tons/p.a., or 1.2% of the global output. Empty palm fruit bunches is one of residual from palm oil extraction process of Palm Oil industry. The objective of this research was to study properties and characteristics of biofuel made from empty fruit bunches and mixed with black rice hush with various composition ratios of empty palm fruit bunches and black rice husk as 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50. Only the biofuels with a ratio of 100:0 and 90:10 could be formed to be compressed biofuels. The heating values of biofuels were analyzed by Gallenkamp Autobomb Calorimeter whereas other fuel properties and characteristics were tested and analyzed according to ASTM standards. The comparison results between biofuel from a mixture ratio 100:0 and 90:10 showed that the average of heating value, ash content, carbon content and combustion time (minute per one piece) were 4,672.46 and 4,199.33 cal/g, 21.73% and 29.30%, 12.07% and 16.28%, 92.33 and 63 minutes, respectively.

scholarly journals The GHG emissions and economic performance of the Colombian palm oil sector; current status and long-term perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 120757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidia Elizabeth Ramirez-Contreras ◽  
David Arturo Munar-Florez ◽  
Jesús Alberto Garcia-Nuñez ◽  
Mauricio Mosquera-Montoya ◽  
André P.C. Faaij
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Oil Sector

Informing Climate Change Policy Through Economics and Engineering Perspectives on Energy Efficiency

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Sreedharan ◽  
Alan H. Sanstad ◽  
Joe Bryson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
State And Local ◽  
End Use

Energy “sustainability” and energy supply have again emerged as central public policy issues and are at the intersection of the economic, environmental, and security challenges facing the nation and the world. The goal of significantly reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with energy production and consumption, while maintaining affordable and reliable energy supplies, is one of the most important issues. Among the strategies for achieving this goal, increasing the efficiency of energy consumption in buildings is being emphasized to a degree not seen since the 1970s. “End-use” efficiency is the core of the State of California’s landmark effort to reduce its GHG emissions, of other state and local climate-change initiatives, and is emphasized in emerging federal GHG abatement legislation. Both economic and engineering methods are used to analyze energy efficiency, but the two paradigms provide different perspectives on the market and technological factors that affect the diffusion of energy efficiency. These disparate perspectives influence what is considered the appropriate role and design of public policy for leveraging not just efficient end-use technology, but other sustainable energy technologies. We review the two approaches and their current roles in the GHG policy process by describing, for illustrative purposes, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s assessment of energy efficiency in the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 Discussion Draft. We highlight opportunities and needs for improved coordination between the engineering, economic and policy communities. Our view is that a better understanding of disciplinary differences and complementarities in perspectives and analytical methods between these communities will benefit the climate change policy process.

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