scholarly journals The use of illite in function of filler applied in rubber blend

2021 ◽  
Vol 1199 (1) ◽  
pp. 012035
Author(s):  
M Pajtášová ◽  
B Pecušová ◽  
S Ďurišová ◽  
D Ondrušová ◽  
Z Mičicová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Rate Coefficient ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Rubber Industry ◽  
Rubber Blend ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract The presented work was dealing with the study of the commercial filler influence change in rubber blend by an alternative filler based on the clay mineral - illite. The focus of the presented work was aimed at the study of selected curing characteristics of rubber blend with addition of clay mineral filler and physico-mechanical properties of prepared vulcanizates. Curing characteristics, the processing safety, minimum and maximum torque, optimal curing time and curing rate coefficient were determined during the curing experiment phase. Selected physico-mechanical properties were given by the determination of hardness, tensibility and tensile strength. The obtained results proved the possibility of partial commercial filler replacement by an alternative filler and the positive effect of clay mineral on resulting important properties in rubber industry.

scholarly journals Application of biowaste in rubber blend

2021 ◽  
Vol 1199 (1) ◽  
pp. 012041
Author(s):  
S Božeková ◽  
Z Mičicová ◽  
D Ondrušová ◽  
M Pajtášová ◽  
M Božek
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Payne Effect ◽  
Rubber Blend ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
Curing Characteristics

Abstract Submitted paper deals with the incorporation of biological waste into the rubber blend and moreover, it is mainly connected with the determination of the influence of this biowaste on the basic properties of the blends and vulcanizate. Wood flour, which comes from the production of wood pellets, was used as the biowaste. Biowaste was used as a filler but also as a plasticizer. The effect of the mentioned biowaste (wood flour) in rubber blend was determined from the aspect of curing characteristics and physical-mechanical properties. In addition, Payne effect was also determined. Achieved results show the possibilities of partial use of biowaste in the rubber blend and provide other research possibilities.

scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF TEA WASTE AS AN ALTERNATIVE FILLER FOR NATURAL RUBBER

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil Hayeemasae ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Tea Waste ◽  
Balance Set

Tea leave is considered worthless after being discarded. It frequently dumps to the environment without providing the best solution on it. In this study, tea leave waste (TW) was applied to be used as alternative filler for natural rubber. The study was evaluated through the curing characteristics, tensile properties and the morphology of the composites. The results have shown some interesting findings. As for the curing characteristics, the maximum torque was increased with increasing the TW loadings whereas the scorch and curing time showed the decreasing trend. The tensile modulus was also influenced by the addition of TW which correlated to the maximum torque observed. The extent of mechanical properties depends on the loadings of TW. Considering the amounts of TW, a 10 phr of TW was found to be a content of choice for natural rubber. It provided a balance set of properties regardless whether the mechanical properties and morphological characteristics of the natural rubber.

The Effect of Chitosan Loading on the Properties of Chitosan Filled Epoxidized Natural Rubber Compounds

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 851-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Shaari ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Nadras Othman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Roll Mill

The study of chitosan loading onto epoxidized natural rubber compounds were prepared by incorporation of chitosan into epoxidised natural rubber matrix using a two-roll mill. The effects of chitosan loading on the curing characteristics, tensile properties and morphology of the compounds were investigated. Results indicated that slight changes in curing time (t90), and scorch time (tS2) of the compounds with the incorporation of chitosan. An increment is observed in the maximum torque, tensile modulus and durometer hardness of the compounds while tensile strength and elongation at break declines with chitosan loading.

scholarly journals Differences of Curing Effects between a Human and Veterinary Bone Cement

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kallol ◽  
M. Motalab ◽  
M. Parvej ◽  
P. Konari ◽  
H. Barghouthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Interface Fracture ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Significant Difference

The goal of the study is to understand how the curing characteristics of a human bone cement (HBC) and veterinary bone cement (VBC) influence the mechanical behavior of each cement and cement bonding with an implant. This study hypothesizes that the curing temperature and time influence the mechanical properties of the cement adjacent to the implant, which resulted in the variability in bonding strength between the implant and cement. To test this hypothesis, this study measured the exothermic temperature, flexural strength, hardness, and morphology of a HBC and VBC at different curing times. In addition, this study measured shear strength at the interfaces of implant/HBC and implant/VBC samples during static and stepwise cyclic tests at different curing times. This study used Stryker Simplex P and BioMedtrix 3 poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) as an HBC and VBC, respectively. This study cured HBC and VBC cement for 30 and 60 min and then conducted flexural, hardness, and interface fracture tests to evaluate the curing effect on mechanical behavior of each of the cements. This study found that the curing time significantly increases the values of flexure and hardness properties of each cement and shear strength of implant/HBC and implant/VBC (p < 0.05). This study observed a difference of curing time and temperature between HBC and VBC. This study also observed a significant difference of surface porosity at the interface of implant/HBC and implant/VBC interfaces. The variability of mechanical properties between HBC and VBC due to the differences of curing conditions may influence the bonding of cement with the implant.

scholarly journals The influence of aluminum on the formation of the hardening phase in magnesium alloys

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
V. Shalomeev ◽  
О. Lukianenko
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Intermetallic Phase ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Cast Metal ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose. Study of the effect of alloying with aluminum on structure formation, mechanical properties and heat resistance of magnesium alloys Research methods. Methods of metallographic and micro X-ray spectral analysis. Determination of mechanical properties and heat resistance. Results. The regularities of the influence of alloying with aluminum on the formation of the hardening phase in magnesium alloys have been investigated. It is shown that an increase in the concentration of aluminum in  magnesium alloy promotes refinement of the macro- and microstructure of the metal (reduces the grain size and the distance between the second-order dendritic axes) and also increases the amount of intermetallic phase. The positive effect of aluminum additives on the mechanical properties and heat resistance of cast metal has been established. The optimal level of alloying with aluminum (about 7,7 %) hes been determined, which ensures a sufficient level of mechanical properties and heat resistence. Scientific novelty. Based on the regression analysis of the experimental data, empirical equations were obtained that describe the dependences of the size of macro- and micrograins on the concentration of aluminum in magnesium alloys. It is shown that the optimal aluminum content in the magnesium alloy in the amount of ~ 7,7 % provides the best combination of mechanical properties (a sufficiently high strength and the highest plasticity) and heat resistance Practical value. It has been established that alloying magnesium alloys with aluminum is promising for improving the structure and increasing the mechanical properties and heat resistance of cast metal. This effect makes it possible to significantly expand the field of application of magnesium alloys in mechanical engineering and improve the performance of various equipment.

scholarly journals ПОЛІМЕР-ПОЛІМЕРНИЙ КОМПОЗИТ ОТРИМАНИЙ ШЛЯХОМ ПЕРЕРОБКИ ВІДХОДІВ ПВХ ЛІНОЛЕУМУ

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
І. М. Костюк ◽  
Н. В. Сова ◽  
Б. М. Савченко ◽  
Р. Ш. Іскандаров ◽  
Б. П. Савчук
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Capillary Viscometer ◽  
Pet Waste ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Hydrostatic Weighing ◽  
Mixed Waste ◽  
First Time ◽  
Positive Effect

Development of technology for the processing of mixed waste of vinyl flooring by their joint milling and plasticization. The determination of the MFI was carried out according to ISO 1133: 1997 on a capillary viscometer with a constant pressure and temperature (190 ± 0.5) ° C and a weight of 2.16 kg. The thermostability and melting temperature were determined on the Hipro RM 200C plastograph. Mechanical properties were determined on a breaking machine according to ASTM D638. Hardness - using a Shore D durometer, hydrostatic weighing density on an analytical balance RADWAG AS-X2. Equipment for milling and plasticization of a mixture of PVC / PET waste was selected. Qualitative milling of mixed waste is achieved by using a low speed rotary knife grinder with rotor speed of 300 rpm. The properties of the reinforced PVC were obtained. The strength of this film compared with the classic recipe is lower but when by using such materials in the composition it is possible to obtain a material with high physical and mechanical properties and achieve maximum non-waste production which will also have a positive effect on the economy of the enterprise. The technology for joint processing of mixed vinyl flooring waste was developed for the first time. The features of reinforcing PVC matrix with fibers of a PET was obtained at the receipt of films from mixed vinyl flooring waste. The developed technology allows to provide non-waste production of vinyl flooring at enterprises.

DETERMINATION OF PERFORMANCE INDICATORS OF THE TRUCK KrAZ-6510TE

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Olexandr Pavlenko ◽  
Serhii Dun ◽  
Maksym Skliar
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Military Vehicles ◽  
Force Magnitude ◽  
Vehicle Mobility ◽  
The Mathematical Model

In any economy there is a need for the bulky goods transportation which cannot be divided into smaller parts. Such cargoes include building structures, elements of industrial equipment, tracked or wheeled construction and agricultural machinery, heavy armored military vehicles. In any case, tractor-semitrailer should provide fast delivery of goods with minimal fuel consumption. In order to guarantee the goods delivery, tractor-semitrailers must be able to overcome the existing roads broken grade and be capable to tow a semi-trailer in off-road conditions. These properties are especially important for military equipment transportation. The important factor that determines a tractor-semitrailer mobility is its gradeability. The purpose of this work is to improve a tractor-semitrailer mobility with tractor units manufactured at PJSC “AutoKrAZ” by increasing the tractor-semitrailer gradeability. The customer requirements for a new tractor are determined by the maximizing the grade to 18°. The analysis of the characteristics of modern tractor-semitrailers for heavy haulage has shown that the highest rate of this grade is 16.7°. The factors determining the limiting gradeability value were analyzed, based on the tractor-semitrailer with a KrAZ-6510TE tractor and a semi-trailer with a full weight of 80 t. It has been developed a mathematical model to investigate the tractor and semi-trailer axles vertical reactions distribution on the tractor-semitrailer friction performances. The mathematical model has allowed to calculate the gradeability value that the tractor-semitrailer can overcome in case of wheels and road surface friction value and the tractive force magnitude from the engine. The mathematical model adequacy was confirmed by comparing the calculations results with the data of factory tests. The analysis showed that on a dry road the KrAZ-6510TE tractor with a 80 t gross weight semitrailer is capable to climb a gradient of 14,35 ° with its coupling mass full use condition. The engine's maximum torque allows the tractor-semitrailer to overcome a gradient of 10.45° It has been determined the ways to improve the design of the KrAZ-6510TE tractor to increase its gradeability. Keywords: tractor, tractor-semitrailer vehicle mobility, tractor-semitrailer vehicle gradeability.

Basic set of experiments for determination of mechanical properties of sand

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
A. Sawicki ◽  
J. Mierczyński
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Soil Mechanics ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Basic Set ◽  
Initial Anisotropy

Abstract A basic set of experiments for the determination of mechanical properties of sands is described. This includes the determination of basic physical and mechanical properties, as conventionally applied in soil mechanics, as well as some additional experiments, which provide further information on mechanical properties of granular soils. These additional experiments allow for determination of steady state and instability lines, stress-strain relations for isotropic loading and pure shearing, and simple cyclic shearing tests. Unconventional oedometric experiments are also presented. Necessary laboratory equipment is described, which includes a triaxial apparatus equipped with local strain gauges, an oedometer capable of measuring lateral stresses and a simple cyclic shearing apparatus. The above experiments provide additional information on soil’s properties, which is useful in studying the following phenomena: pre-failure deformations of sand including cyclic loading compaction, pore-pressure generation and liquefaction, both static and caused by cyclic loadings, the effect of sand initial anisotropy and various instabilities. An important feature of the experiments described is that they make it possible to determine the initial state of sand, defined as either contractive or dilative. Experimental results for the “Gdynia” model sand are shown.

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