scholarly journals Effect of extraction solvents on the phytochemical content and bioactivity of Momordica charantia Linn. fruits

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Nurul Dalila Abdul Rahim ◽  
Harisun Yaakob ◽  
Rosnani Hasham @ Hisam ◽  
Mohamad Roji Sarmidi ◽  
Kian-Kai Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Total Saponin ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Extraction Solvents

Momordica charantia (M. charantia) is a herbaceous climber commonly found in Southeast Asia with therapeutic importance for various illnesses. This study focused on the effect of extraction solvents on saponins-containing compounds from M. charantia and their bioactivities. Different organic solvents including water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, a mixture of methanol-water and methanol-n-butanol were used in the extraction process. The total saponin content, total flavonoid and phenolic content for each extract were examined. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of these extracts were evaluated using both 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Free Radical Scavenging Activity and 2,2’-azino-bis-3- ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assay. Furthermore, a-amylase and lipase inhibition assay were carried out using an in vitro model. The result showed that methanol-n-butanol extracts exhibited the highest total saponin, flavonoid, phenolic content, and ABTS antioxidant activity compared to the other extracts. The a-amylase inhibition assay revealed that water extract and methanol-n-butanol extract from M. charantia contained potent a-amylase inhibitor. On the other hand, the ethyl acetate extract was found to have the most antioxidant capacities based on DPPH radical scavenging assay. The ethyl acetate extract also exhibited the highest inhibition of lipase activities. In conclusion, the methanol-n-butanol solvent was found to be the most effective in extracting saponin from M. charantia. The M. charantia extracts showed inhibition of a-amylase and lipase activities which may suggest the therapeutic potential of M. charantia for obesity and diabetes.

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF EXTRACTS FROM THE LEAVES AND STEM BARKS OF Artocarpus scortechinii KING

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shajarahtunnur Jamil ◽  
Norazah Basar ◽  
Norzafneza Mohd Arriffin
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Calibration Graph ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Capacity

The antioxidant activities of extracts (n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol) from the leaves and stem barks of Artocarpus scortechinii were evaluated using various biochemical assays. The quantification of the Total Antioxidant Capacity was measured using ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays. While, the qualitative of The Total Phenolic Content (TPC) was determined via standard gallic acid calibration graph which was expressed as mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g of dry weight (dw) using Folin Ciocalteau’s reagent. Among all the extracts tested, the methanolic extract of the stem barks showed the highest phenolic content with TPC value of 136.84 mg GAE/g dry weight (dw). FRAP results were expressed as mM equivalent to FeSO4.7H2O by calculating from the standard FeSO4.7H2O calibration graph. The ethyl acetate extract of the stem barks showed the most significant reducing potential in the range between 0.27-2.47 mM FRAP. ABTS+˙ radical scavenging capacity showed that the ethyl acetate extract of the stem barks had the highest scavenging capacity at concentration 1.0 mM with percentage of 90.9%.

Biomedical applications of fish gut associated Streptomyces maritimus IM20 isolated from Rastrelliger kanagurta (Indian mackerel)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Angamuthu Vignesh ◽  
Venugopal Gopikrishnan ◽  
Sivaraj Anbarasu ◽  
Manikkam Radhakrishnan ◽  
Joseph Jerrine
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Indian Mackerel ◽  
Fish Gut ◽  
Rastrelliger Kanagurta

The biomedical potential of fish gut-associated actinobacteria isolated from the marine fish Rastrelliger kanagurta (Indian mackerel) was investigated. The actinobacterial strain IM20 was isolated from the fish gut by using Kusters agar medium prepared with 50% sea water. Based on their phenotypic and molecular characteristics, strain IM20 was identified as Streptomyces maritimus. The bioactive metabolites produced from the strain IM20 by agar surface fermentation and ethyl acetate extraction were tested for in vitro antimicrobial, antiquorum sensing , anti-biofilm, anti TB, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activity. The MIC value of ethyl acetate extract (EAE) of IM20 was found to be 16 μg ml−1 against S. aureus and E. coli. In quorum sensing inhibition assay, the extract showed violacein inhibition upto 87% at 512 μg ml−1 concentration when tested by pigment inhibition assay using C. violaceum MTCC 2656. The results of in vitro assays revealed that the ethyl acetate extract of IM-20 (EAE-IM20) showed 75%, 83% and 72% inhibition against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, M. tuberculosis (SHRE sensitive) and multi drug resistant (MDR) M tuberculosis respectively at 500 μg ml−1 concentration. In DPPH assay, 71% radical scavenging activity was exhibited by the EAE-IM20 at 250 μg ml−1. In MTT assay, EAEIM20 exhibited 74.29±2.01% inhibition on breast cancer cell line MCF7 (250 μg ml−1). This study broadly determines that the fish associated actinobacteria is a prolific place for diverse multifunctional bioactive compounds for the development of medically important unique drugs.

scholarly journals Effect of different extraction solvents on antioxidant properties of water lily (Nymphaeaceae antares) flower petal and stamen

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-368
Author(s):  
Z. Mohd Zin ◽  
A.Z.M. Sanuri ◽  
N. Bashah ◽  
K. Ibrahim ◽  
H. Yahya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Water Lily ◽  
Antioxidative Properties ◽  
Extraction Solvents

Water lily (Nymphaeaceae antares) contains a vast array of phenolic compounds with important natural antioxidative properties that could inhibit the adverse effects of the reactive oxygen species produced in living things. These substances are complex in composition which requires a suitable extraction medium to exploit the phenolic compounds. This study was designed to determine the antioxidative properties in petal and stamen of water lily extracted using different extraction solvents namely ethyl acetate and 60% methanol. Antioxidant properties of the samples were determined using 2,2-diphenyl -1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferric thiocyanate (FTC) method, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and total tannin content (TTC) along with individual flavonoids content using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The yield of extract was found to be the highest in petals extracted with 60% methanol (44.55±1.63%) while stamen extracted with ethyl acetate yielded the lowest (24.50±1.09%). In the DPPH inhibition method, petal extracted with ethyl acetate obtained the highest scavenging activity (89.15±3.62%). FTC analysis revealed that ethyl acetate extract of petal experienced the highest percentage inhibition (76.70±6.48%) while in TBA analysis ethyl acetate extract of stamen exhibited the highest percentage inhibition (70.78±1.39%). Flavonoids such as quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, gallic acid, catechin, epigallocatechin, p-coumaric acid and myricetin were found to be present in ethyl acetate and 60% methanol extracts of water lilies stamen and petal. The information from this study indicates that water lily petals and stamens may be integrated as a good source of nutrients in the food industry, the pharmaceutical industry. If the advantages of water lily are not used and integrated into everyday life for health benefits, it will be a massive waste of natural resources.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT, Α-GLUCOSIDASE AND Α-AMYLASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF ATALANTIA RACEMOSA AND SENNA UNIFLORA LEAVES

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Adhav Rahul ◽  
Deokule Subhash
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

 Objective: The current investigation was conducted to investigate the total phenol, total flavonoid content, antioxidant, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase activities in leaves of Atalantia racemosa and Senna uniflora. Methods: Different crude solvent extracts were prepared and concentrated using rotary evaporator, these solvent extracts were tested to estimate the antioxidant radical scavenging activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2’-azinobis, 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) methods using spectrophotometer. The extracts were screened by α-amylase inhibition assay and α-glucosidase inhibition assay to estimate the antidiabetic potential of the studied plant with the help of microplate reader.Results: A potent antioxidant activity, i.e. mean percentage inhibition of DPPH and ABTS radical was observed in A. racemosa ethanol (71.5 ± 0.026%) and ethyl acetate extract (97.3 ± 0.076%), respectively, at the concentration of 400 μg/mL. Similarly, highest α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were observed in A. racemosa methanolic (82.4 ± 0.016%) and ethyl acetate 91.1±0.018 extracts, respectively.Conclusions: The present study revealed that the A. racemosa extracts possessed good antioxidant, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities; hence, it can be used as a source of natural free radical scavenger and antidiabetic supplement(s). However, further study needs to be carried out to know the active compound and its mode of action.

scholarly journals Determination of Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of the Whole Plant Extracts of Argyreia imbricata (Roth) Sant. & Patel

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 919-625
Author(s):  
Sebastin V ◽  
Gopalakrishnan G ◽  
Sreejith M ◽  
Anoob Kumar K I
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Nitric Oxide Radical ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Plants of the genus Argyreia  posses’ ethno medicinal importance and various pharmacological activities are also reported. In this study, phenolic content, anti-oxidant potential of different extracts of Argyreia imbricata was evaluated. Extraction of powdered whole plant material was done with different solvents viz., petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol by soxhelation. The estimation of phenolics in the selected extracts of Argyreia imbricata was done by using a Folin-Ciocalteau reagent. The antioxidant potential of different extracts was evaluated by total anti-oxidant capacity, DPPH, hydroxyl and nitric oxide radical scavenging and reducing power assay methods. In the phenolics estimation, the methanol extract showed a significant presence of phenolic content followed by ethyl acetate extract. In case of anti-oxidant activity, the methanol and ethyl acetate extract showed a significant activity based on their concentration. The findings of this study clearly revealed the potential of methanol extract of A. imbricata in phenolic content and anti-oxidant activity. Also, the ethyl acetate extract showed significant results. Further studies on identification, isolation of the active constituents, toxicity evaluations may give useful results.

scholarly journals ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF MELINJO (GNETUM GNEMON L.) SEED EXTRACTS AND MOLECULAR DOCKING OF ITS STILBENE CONSTITUENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Abdul Mun'im ◽  
Muhammad Ashar Munadhil ◽  
Nuraini Puspitasari ◽  
Azminah . ◽  
Arry Yanuar
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Gnetum Gnemon ◽  
Ace Inhibitory

ABSTRACTObjectives: To evaluate the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of melinjo (Gnetum gnemon) seed extract and to study moleculardocking of stilbene contained in melinjo seeds.Methods: Melinjo seed powders were extracted with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water successively. The extracts wereevaluated ACE inhibitory activities using ACE kit-Wist and the phenolic content using Folin–Ciocalteu method. The extract demonstrated the highestACE inhibitory activity was subjected to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to know its stilbene constituent. The stilbene constituentsin melinjo seed were performed molecular docking using AutoDock Vina, and ligand-receptor Interactions were processed using Ligand Scout.Results: The ethyl acetate extract demonstrated the highest ACE inhibition activity with inhibitory concentration 50% value of 9.77 × 10−8 μg/mLand the highest total phenolic content (575.9 mg gallic acid equivalent/g). Ultra-performance LC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate extract has detected theexistency of resveratrol, gnetin C, ε-viniferin, and gnemonoside A/B. These compounds displayed similar physiochemical properties to lisinopril (ACEinhibitor), as in silico molecular docking studies demonstrated that they fit into the lisinopril receptors.Conclusion: In vitro analysis ethyl acetate extract from melinjo seeds demonstrated the highest ACE inhibitory activity. Molecular docking analysisindicated that resveratrol dimers, gnetin C and gnemonoside A can be considered ACE inhibitor.Keywords: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, Gnetum gnemon, Melinjo, Total phenolic, Antihypertension, Molecular docking.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against Enterobacter cloacae of extracts of Eclipta alba Hassk.

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Trang Thi Xuan Dai ◽  
Anh Thi Tu Vo
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Eclipta Alba

This study was subjected to investigate antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Eclipta alba extracts (methanol, hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts). The antioxidant property of the extract was assessed by 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. Kirby-Bauer method was used to determine the antibacterial activity against Enterobacter cloacae of the extracts. The extracts of Eclipta alba were tested against E. cloacae. The highest antibacterial potentiality was exhibited by the ethyl acetate extract of E. alba leaves, means of zones of bacterial growth inhibition are 26.3 mm at a concentration of 32 μg/mL. DPPH free radical scavenging effect of the extracts was compared with standard antioxidant vitamin C. The highest antioxidant activity was exhibited by the ethyl acetate extract of E. alba leaves. The result also showed that the DPPH scavenging activity of ethyl acetate extract from leaves of E. alba was high (EC50 = 419.38 μg/mL). However, this result was 18.99 times lower than that of vitamin C (EC50 = 22.08 μg/mL).

scholarly journals ANTI DIABETIC FLAVANONE COMPOUND FROM THE LEAVES OF Artocarpus communis

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puspa D.N. Lotulung ◽  
Sofa Fajriah ◽  
Andini Sundowo ◽  
Euis Filaila
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Spectroscopic Evidence

The Flavanone compound with anti diabetic activity was isolated from ethyl acetate extract of Artocarpus communis leaves using column chromatography techniques. The structure of the flavanone compound was elucidated on the basic of spectroscopic evidence and comparison to published values. This compound, 8-geranyl-4,5,7-trihydroxyflavone, showed strong anti diabetic activity on α-glucosidase inhibition assay with IC50 18.120 µg mL-1.   Keywords: Artocarpus communis, 8-geranyl-4,5,7-trihydroxyflavone, anti diabetic activity

scholarly journals Antioxidant, Anti-Diabetic and Phytochemical Screening of Dried Ficus carica Linn Fruit Powder

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Dpph Assay ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Different Types

Ficus carica L. or the common name is red figs that belong to the Moraceae family or the Mulberry family. Every part of the fruit or the tree has been able to treat different types of common diseases, for example, it is used as a natural laxative or a supplementary food for diabetes. Thus, this research uses four different solvents, ethyl acetate, ethanol, hexane, and water, to obtain the respective crude extracts in order to investigate the anti-diabetic properties by determining the inhibition of the activity of the diabetic enzymes, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase; and the DPPH assay determines the antioxidant activity while qualitative phytochemical screening was for phenols, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids; total quantitative phenolic and total flavonoid content was done. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of the compounds tested in different types of crude extracts. For the total phenolic content, ethyl acetate extract exhibits the highest content. In contrast, hexane extract shows the highest total flavonoid content. For the DPPH assay, ethyl acetate extract has the highest scavenging activity at 13.351 µg/mL with corresponding with the data of total phenolic content. For the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, water extract has the lowest IC50 value among the four extracts but higher value than the standard. For α-amylase inhibitory activity, only ethanol extract showed the IC50 value, but it was a high value. In conclusion, there is potential for figs to be a natural source of medicine, and the extracts tested can be used for future studies.

scholarly journals Studies on Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of an Endophytic Fungi from Magnifera indica L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Mozammel Haque ◽  
Mohammad Shoeb ◽  
Nilufar Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay

Two compounds, ergosterol (1) and 4-hydroxy-hexadec-6-enoic acid methyl ester (2) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the endophytic fungal strain labeled as MI-3, isolated from the leave of Magnifera indica L. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by 1H NMR studies and comparing with published data. The crude ethyl acetate extract, three column fractions and ergosterol were tested for antimicrobial activity against five Gram-positive and eight Gram-negative bacteria and three fungi by disc diffusion method. The general toxicity and antioxidant activity of the parent extract, column fractions and ergosterol were also evaluated by using brine shrimp lethality assay and free radical scavenging assay, respectively. Low activities were observed in all cases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i1.21862 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(1): 63-67, 2014 (June)

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