scholarly journals Learning Maths The Fun Way With Magic Maths

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selvaraju A/l Munandy

 Mathemagics or ‘Magic Maths’ consists of a series of non-conventional maths formulas that turn Mathematics into a fun subject and create innovative minds. The magical system could help steer the country towards a knowledge economy. The magic formulas, based on Ancient Indian Scriptures, were in use by the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Intel Corporation, Microsoft, IBM and India, for its competitive exams preparations. The high speed mental mathematics could speed up math calculation by up to 1500 % and turn students into human bio-calculators. Mathemagics presents varieties of methods which can be used according to one’s needs in solving even the most difficult math problems. This is unlike the conventional system consisting of rigid, sometimes monotonous, procedures that are uniformly applied to all problems of a given type. The conventional method of calculation was not user – friendly with hardly any room for choice and experimentation. A seemingly difficult calculation like 998 x 997 can be solved in less than five seconds and even mentally. There is also a unique method to check the accuracy of answers to addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, in keeping with the basic needs of students for faster calculations with 100 % accuracy. Innovation of the formula would make students become more confident and gain self – esteem while cultivating an interest for numbers and help eliminate math – phobia in them. The system also opens a new horizon for mathematics lovers as it presents a wider platform for experimentation in the subject. Besides, it promotes development of the right brain which governs the ability to solve complex calculations that require the use of visualization, photographic memory, speed reading and sub-conscious learning together with the left – brain that is employed by students for 90 % of subjects taught at school.  

Author(s):  
Richard Harnish ◽  
F.K. Plous

High Speed Rail development is an increasingly significant, interesting topic in the present and expected to continue to grow even more in the future. Implementation of high-speed rail would require the right type of track network system that would need to be maintained and/or built, as necessary. In this chapter, the author recommends that the United States will need to use the Blended or Building Block Approach to develop high-speed rail. He presents several examples of blended infrastructure worldwide for high-speed rail, which would offer a range of tools here in the United States for high-speed rail development.


Author(s):  
Richard Harnish ◽  
F.K. Plous

High Speed Rail development is an increasingly significant, interesting topic in the present and expected to continue to grow even more in the future. Implementation of high-speed rail would require the right type of track network system that would need to be maintained and/or built, as necessary. In this chapter, the author recommends that the United States will need to use the Blended or Building Block Approach to develop high-speed rail. He presents several examples of blended infrastructure worldwide for high-speed rail, which would offer a range of tools here in the United States for high-speed rail development.


Author(s):  
Jack Copeland

This chapter explains why Turing is regarded as founding father of the field of artificial intelligence (AI), and analyses his famous method for testing whether a computer is capable of thought. In the weeks before his 1948 move from the National Physical Laboratory to Manchester, Turing wrote what was, with hindsight, the first manifesto of artificial intelligence (AI). His provocative title was simply Intelligent Machinery. While the rest of the world was just beginning to wake up to the idea that computers were the new way to do high-speed arithmetic, Turing was talking very seriously about ‘programming a computer to behave like a brain’. Among other shatteringly original proposals, Intelligent Machinery contained a short outline of what we now refer to as ‘genetic’ algorithms—algorithms based on the survival-of-the-fittest principle of Darwinian evolution—as well as describing the striking idea of building a computer out of artificial human nerve cells, an approach now called ‘connectionism’. Turing’s early connectionist architecture is outlined in Chapter 29. Strangely enough, Turing’s 1940 anti-Enigma bombe was the first step on the road to modern AI. As Chapter 12 explains, the bombe worked by searching at high speed for the correct settings of the Enigma machine—and once it had found the right settings, the random-looking letters of the encrypted message turned into plain German. The bombe was a spectacularly successful example of the mechanization of thought processes: Turing’s extraordinary machine performed a job, codebreaking, that requires intelligence when human beings do it. The fundamental idea behind the bombe, and one of Turing’s key discoveries at Bletchley Park, was what modern AI researchers call ‘heuristic search’. The use of heuristics—shortcuts or rules of thumb that cut down the amount of searching required to find the answer—is still a fundamental technique in AI today. The difficulty Turing confronted in designing the bombe was that the Enigma machine had far too many possible settings for the bombe just to search blindly through them until it happened to stumble on the right answer—the war might have been over before it produced a result. Turing’s brilliant idea was to use heuristics to narrow, and so to speed up, the search. Turing’s idea of using crib-loops to narrow the search was the principal heuristic employed in the bombe (as Chapter 12 explains).


Author(s):  
Brian Cross

A relatively new entry, in the field of microscopy, is the Scanning X-Ray Fluorescence Microscope (SXRFM). Using this type of instrument (e.g. Kevex Omicron X-ray Microprobe), one can obtain multiple elemental x-ray images, from the analysis of materials which show heterogeneity. The SXRFM obtains images by collimating an x-ray beam (e.g. 100 μm diameter), and then scanning the sample with a high-speed x-y stage. To speed up the image acquisition, data is acquired "on-the-fly" by slew-scanning the stage along the x-axis, like a TV or SEM scan. To reduce the overhead from "fly-back," the images can be acquired by bi-directional scanning of the x-axis. This results in very little overhead with the re-positioning of the sample stage. The image acquisition rate is dominated by the x-ray acquisition rate. Therefore, the total x-ray image acquisition rate, using the SXRFM, is very comparable to an SEM. Although the x-ray spatial resolution of the SXRFM is worse than an SEM (say 100 vs. 2 μm), there are several other advantages.


Author(s):  
Mauricio Drelichman ◽  
Hans-Joachim Voth

Why do lenders time and again loan money to sovereign borrowers who promptly go bankrupt? When can this type of lending work? As the United States and many European nations struggle with mountains of debt, historical precedents can offer valuable insights. This book looks at one famous case—the debts and defaults of Philip II of Spain. Ruling over one of the largest and most powerful empires in history, King Philip defaulted four times. Yet he never lost access to capital markets and could borrow again within a year or two of each default. Exploring the shrewd reasoning of the lenders who continued to offer money, the book analyzes the lessons from this historical example. Using detailed new evidence collected from sixteenth-century archives, the book examines the incentives and returns of lenders. It provides powerful evidence that in the right situations, lenders not only survive despite defaults—they thrive. It also demonstrates that debt markets cope well, despite massive fluctuations in expenditure and revenue, when lending functions like insurance. The book unearths unique sixteenth-century loan contracts that offered highly effective risk sharing between the king and his lenders, with payment obligations reduced in bad times. A fascinating story of finance and empire, this book offers an intelligent model for keeping economies safe in times of sovereign debt crises and defaults.


2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
A. Ekanthalingam ◽  
Dr. A. Gopinath

‘Marketing’ is not just an activity. It is a process, a philosophy and a phenomenon. The evolution of marketing has produced tremendous benefits to business and end consumers. The innovation in this field has been steady and yet at high speed. From ‘word of mouth advertising’ which was the only option earlier we are now at the mercy of what consumers are sharing about their experience on the internet. Social Media has become more powerful than what we think and this article shows how we can leverage this to benefit the top-line and customer delight. We dive deep to understand the influence Social Media can create towards purchase of residential property. As much complex it is to make the purchase decision of a property, it is equally difficult for marketers to send the right message to their target audience. Through this article, we are trying to see how marketers have transformed their traditional marketing strategies to address the needs of the millennial population, who are the most potential customers for property purchase.


Author(s):  
Alison Brysk

In Chapter 7, we profile the global pattern of sexual violence. We will consider conflict rape and transitional justice response in Peru and Colombia, along with the plight of women displaced by conflict from Syria and Central America, and limited international policy response. State-sponsored sexual violence and popular resistance to reclaim public space will be chronicled in Egypt as well as Mexico. We will track intensifying public sexual assault amid social crisis in Turkey, South Africa, and India, which has been met by a wide range of public protest, legal reform, and policy change. For a contrasting experience of the privatization of sexual assault in developed democracies, we will trace campus, workplace, and military rape in the United States.


This volume seeks to initiate a new interdisciplinary field of scholarly research focused on the study of right-wing media and conservative news. To date, the study of conservative or right-wing media has proceeded unevenly, cross-cutting several traditional disciplines and subfields, with little continuity or citational overlap. This book posits a new multifaceted object of analysis—conservative news cultures—designed to promote concerted interdisciplinary investigation into the consistent practices or patterns of meaning making that emerge between and among the sites of production, circulation, and consumption of conservative news. With contributors from the fields of journalism studies, media and communication studies, cultural studies, history, political science, and sociology, the book models the capacious field it seeks to promote. Its contributors draw upon a variety of qualitative and quantitative research methods—from archival analysis to regression analysis of survey data to rhetorical analysis—to elucidate case studies focused on conservative news cultures in the United States and the United Kingdom. From the National Review to Fox News, from the National Rifle Association to Brexit, from media policy to liberal media bias, this book is designed as an introduction to right-wing media and an opening salvo in the interdisciplinary field of conservative news studies.


Author(s):  
Yochai Benkler ◽  
Robert Faris ◽  
Hal Roberts

This chapter presents the book’s macrolevel findings about the architecture of political communication and the news media ecosystem in the United States from 2015 to 2018. Two million stories published during the 2016 presidential election campaign are analyzed, along with another 1.9 million stories about Donald Trump’s presidency during his first year. The chapter examines patterns of interlinking between online media sources to understand the relations of authority and credibility among publishers, as well as the media sharing practices of Twitter and Facebook users to elucidate social media attention patterns. The data and mapping reveal not only a profoundly polarized media landscape but stark asymmetry: the right is more insular, skewed towards the extreme, and set apart from the more integrated media ecosystem of the center, center-left, and left.


Author(s):  
Kenneth Bo Nielsen ◽  
Alf Gunvald Nilsen

The chapter examines the fairness claim of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act (LARR), 2013. The author uses the utilitarian fairness standard proposed by one of the most influential American constitutional scholars of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, Frank Michelman, whose study of judicial decisions from an ethical perspective by introducing the concept of “demoralization costs” has shaped the interpretational debate on takings law in the United States. Michelman’s analysis is particularly relevant for the land question in India today since there is a widespread feeling that millions of people have been unfairly deprived of their land and livelihoods. The chapter looks at the role of the Indian judiciary in interpreting the land acquisition legislation since landmark judgments affect the morale of society. It concludes that using Michelman’s standard would help in bringing about greater “fairness” than what the new legislation has achieved.


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