scholarly journals The effects of sample fat value manipulation on raw cow milk composition and indicators

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oto Hanuš ◽  
Marcela Vyletělová ◽  
Martin Tomáška ◽  
Eva Samková ◽  
Václava Genčurová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Actual Acidity ◽  
The Impact

Values of milk indicators (MIs) can be influenced by sampling errors and milk manipulation. This paper estimated the freezing point depression (FPD) and other MIs drifts which can cause fat movement. That is important for: – preparation of reference milk samples (MSs) for proficiency testing and instrument calibrations; – estimation of the impact of milk treatment as centrifugation in dairy plants on FPD. Five MSs (A = original milk; milk with modified fat (F) content; B = less F, C = low F, D = more F, E = high F) were created (gravitation F separation at 4 °C for 12 hours) with the same milk matrix 12× per year. F averages increased by 4.80% (122.1%) from 1.68 to 6.48% due to manipulation. It increased variability of MIs especially for SNF (solids non fat), L (lactose) and CP (crude protein). SCC (somatic cell count) averages increased by 803 (196.8%) from 9 to 812 thousand.ml−1. Correlation (r) F × SCC was 0.85 (P < 0.001). SNF, L and CP averages decreased by 0.47% (5.3%), 0.31% (6.3%) and 0.17% (5.0%). Correlations were −0.78, −0.75 and −0.64 (P < 0.001). Urea decreased along with F increase by 1.05 mg.100ml−1 (2.9%) but with r −0.13 (P > 0.05). Acetone increased by 1.37 mg.l−1 (47.6%) with r 0.21 (P > 0.05). Electrical conductivity decreased by 0.23 mS.cm−1 (6.0%) with r −0.15 (P > 0.05). Alcohol stability was reduced by 0.14 ml (23.3%) with r −0.15 (P > 0.05). FPD, titration and actual acidity were not influenced.

scholarly journals Associations between Mammary Gland Echotexture and Milk Composition in Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2005
Author(s):  
Tomasz Schwarz ◽  
Nelia Scheeres ◽  
Martyna M. Małopolska ◽  
Maciej Murawski ◽  
Tristan D. Agustin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Citric Acid Content ◽  
Friesian Cows

Thirty clinically healthy Holstein-Friesian cows underwent twice daily machine milking and ultrasonographic examinations of the udder just prior to and after milking. Digital ultrasonographic images of each udder quarter were subjected to computer-assisted echotextural analyses to obtain mean numerical pixel values (NPVs) and pixel heterogeneity (PSD) of the mammary gland parenchyma. The average milk yield and pH were higher (p < 0.05) in the morning, whereas crude fat, total solids, solids non-fat and citric acid content were higher (p < 0.05) during the evening milking period. Mean NPVs and PSDs of the mammary gland parenchyma were greater (p < 0.05) after than before milking. There were significant correlations among echotextural characteristics of the udder and protein percentage, lactose content and freezing point depression determined in the milk samples collected in the morning and crude protein, casein, lactose and solids non-fat in the evening. Our results can be interpreted to suggest that computerized analysis of the mammary gland ultrasonograms has the makings of a technique for estimating non-fat milk constituents in cows. However, future validating studies are necessary before this method can be employed in commercial settings and research. Moreover, significant inter-quarter differences in udder echogenicity may necessitate further echotextural studies of separate quarters.

scholarly journals Effect of Age on Somatic Cell Count And Milk Composition in Sheep Milk

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
Nazik Mahmood Ilyas
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Impact

A total of 50 sheep milk samples during lactations were used to investigate the impact of subclinical mastitis induced Somatic Cell Count (SCC) increase on changes in chemical composition in milk. Samples were collected and analyzed for fat, protein, lactose, solids non-fat (SNF) and total solids (TS) and SCC. Within three stages of lactation, all milk samples were analyzed for three times. The highest average of SCC was recorded in ewes aged 4 years (46.67) while lowest average was recorded at the age of 3-3.5 years (34.24%). Protein content was highest at ewes aged 1-1.5, whereas highest lactose percentage recorded at ewes aged 3-3.5. In conclusion, in high SCC milk, lactose content may be more indicative of SCC level than milk fat, protein, SNF and TS during lactation. Age of ewes is an important factor affecting milk composition, thus is a necessary parameter in optimizing sheep milk quality in conditions of subclinical mastitis.

Evaluation of Cow Factors and Milk Composition on Freezing Point Depression of Cow Milk

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
PGND Senevirathne ◽  
ULP Mangalika ◽  
AMJB Adikari ◽  
WAD Nayananjalie
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Point ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Freezing Point Depression

scholarly journals Somatic Cells in Bulk Samples and Purchase Prices of Cow Milk

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 879-892
Author(s):  
Jindřich Kvapilík ◽  
Oto Hanuš ◽  
Petr Roubal ◽  
Jan Říha ◽  
Petr Urban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk

There were calculated the somatic cell count (SCC) 209 (36 – 468) 103ml–1, the total count of microorganisms (TCM) 25 103ml–1 (from 5 to 377), fat 3.84 % (from 3.23 to 4.46) and protein content 3.39 % (from 3.04 to 3.75) and milk freezing point (MFP) –0.525 °C (from –0.534 to –0.395) of the 522 monthly bulk milk samples from 11 experimental stables during the period from 2012 to 2015. Residues of inhibitory substances were not detected in any sample. Milk sale reached 7,999 liters (l) with fluctuating between 6,150 and 10,532 l per cow. This can be deduced from the regression coefficients that due to increase in the SCC by 100 103ml–1 the TCM increased by 2.9 to 4.2 103ml–1, the fat content decreased by 0.09 to 0.13 % and protein about 0.01 to 0.05 %. Influence of SCC, TCM and the fat and protein content calculated from monthly samples for individual stables can be estimated at –0.12 CZC, fluctuations between the stables at +0.46 to –0.84 CZC per l of milk. The increase in milk price by 0.17 CZC in the range of –0.92 to +0.92 CZC per l of milk corresponds to averages of indicators calculated from 522 samples.

scholarly journals Correlations between the Total Antioxidant Activity and Biochemical Parameters of Cow Milk Depending on the Number of Somatic Cells

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sergei Yu. Zaitsev ◽  
Oksana A. Voronina ◽  
Anastasia A. Savina ◽  
Larisa P. Ignatieva ◽  
Nadezhda V. Bogolyubova
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Milk Samples

The aim of the work was to study the correlations between the total amount of water-soluble antioxidants (TAWSA) and biochemical parameters (BC) of cow milk depending on the somatic cell count (SCC). The BC and TAWSA values of cow milk were measured by spectroscopic and amperometric methods, respectively. The milk samples from the black-and-white cows (Moscow region) were divided according to SCС values: (1) ≤200, (2) 200-499, (3) 500-999, and (4) ≥1000 thousand units/mL. The average TAWSA values for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 (33, 15, 13, and 12 milk samples) were the following: 15.95 ± 0.74 , 14.45 ± 0.84 , 16.04 ± 0.63 , and 14.58 ± 1.18 . The correlations between TAWSA and BC (group 1) were the following: total fat percentage (TFP) -0.305; true protein percentage (TP1) -0.197; total nitrogen percentage (TN2) -0.210; lactose -0.156; solids-not-fat (SNF) -0.276; total dry matter (TDM) -0.399; freezing point (FP) -0.112; pH -0.114; somatic cell count (SCC) - (-0,052). The correlations between TAWSA and BC (group 2) were the following: TFP -0.332; TP1 -0.296; TN2 -0.303; lactose - (-0.308); SNF -0.159; TDM -0.391; FP -0.226; pH - (-0.211); SCC -0.193. The correlations between TAWSA and BC (group 3) were the following: TFP - (-0.352); TP1 - (-0.411); TN2 – (-0.401); lactose - (-0.166); SNF - (-0.462); TDM - (-0.504); FP - (-0.766); pH - (-0.047); SCC - (-0.698). The correlations between TAWSA and BC (group 4) were the following: TFP -0.159; TP1 -0.046; TN2 – 0.077; lactose - (-0.317); SNF - (-0.237); TDM -0.058; FP - (-0.036); pH - (-0.477); SCC - (-0.072). These data are important in assessing the physiological-biochemical status and state of the antioxidant defense system of cows’ organism.

scholarly journals Impact of Feeding of Legume‑Cereal mixture Silages on Dairy Cow Milk Thermostability and Quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-653
Author(s):  
Oto Hanuš ◽  
Irena Němečková ◽  
Jan Pozdíšek ◽  
Igor Huňády ◽  
Marcela Klimešová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Component Part ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
The Impact

Current changes in climate (increasing drought) and the rise in prices of protein concentrate feed are the reasons for the increasing interest in growing and production and increasing silages from legume‑cereal mixtures (LCM) in rations for dairy cows. Another reason is to improve the soil fertility using LCM in crops rotation. The impact of feeding of dairy cows (Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein, 50 herds) on milk quality was monitored (for 3 years) when modifying the roughage feeding rations by additions of LCM silages. Bulk milk samples were tested (n = 641 (15 herds) LCM as experiment and 2,428 (35) as control). LCM was higher in crude protein, lactose, solids non‑fat and total microorganisms (from P ≤ 0.05 to P ≤ 0.001). The lower was LCM in the milk freezing point and the urea content (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001). The fat content and the somatic cell count were insignificantly different (P > 0.05). There was a significant effect of LCM on milk thermostability (18.85 < 20.9 minutes, P < 0.05). The residues of inhibitory substances in milk were not recorded in the LCM group. The LCM application is a risk‑free way of replacement of roughage component part of dairy cow feeding rations with regard to raw milk quality.

Colostrum and milk composition during postpartum period in Hill cow, sahiwal and crossbreds cow

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Patoo ◽  
D. V. Singh ◽  
S. K. Singh ◽  
M. K. Singh ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Fortnightly Interval ◽  
Crossbred Cow

The study was undertaken to determine the composition of colostrum and milk of Hill cattle during postpartum period and compared them to Sahiwal and crossbred cow. Fifteen colostrum samples per day from each group of cow (as per availability) were collected during first five postpartum days while as milk samples were collected from eight cow each of Sahiwal and crossbreds and six form Hill cow, at fortnightly interval up to 32 weeks postpartum. These samples were subjected to various physico-chemical analyses. There was a significant (P?0.05) difference between overall mean protein per cent, pH and electrical conductivity in the colostrum of Hill cow, Sahiwal and crossbred cow but lactose per cent did not diffe significantly. In milk there was a significant (P?0.05) difference between overall mean of fat, protein, solid not fat, total solids per cent, pH, electric conductivity, somatic cell count and milk yield of Hill cow, Sahiwal and crossbreds while non-significant (P?0.05) difference was noticed for lactose per cent and specific gravity. The colostrum of Hill cow and Sahiwal were richer in protein, fat, lactose, TS and ash content as compared to crossbred cow. Milk of Hill cow had higher content of protein, fat, SNF, TS and lower pH, EC and SCC compared to crossbreds and Sahiwal.

scholarly journals Crude Protein and Non-protein Nitrogen Content in Dairy Cow Milk

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Ruska ◽  
Daina Jonkus
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Urea Content

Abstract Milk composition is of prime economic importance for farmers. Milk total proteins are composed of casein, whey proteins and non-protein nitrogen. The objective of this work was to establish milk crude protein, non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and urea content in dairy cow milk produced in different farms in Latvia. Cow milk samples (n=30) were collected in September 2012 from four different farms breeding diverse cow breeds. Average crude protein, casein and urea content in milk varied significantly among farms. NPN content in cow milk varies among farms - from 0.194% to 0.232%. Average crude protein and casein content was significantly higher (p<0.05) for Latvia Brown breed cows, while NPN content did not differ significantly among breeds. Regression between NPN and urea content in milk was R² = 0.458. Correlation between NPN and urea content was significant (r = 0.677). This study allowed establishing that crude protein and NPN content in milk varied significantly (p<0.05) in farms with differing dairy cow housing and feeding technologies

scholarly journals Effect of ewes entry order into milking parlour on milkability and milk composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 392-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mačuhová ◽  
V. Tančin ◽  
J. Mačuhová ◽  
M. Uhrinčať ◽  
L. Hasoňová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Latency Time ◽  
Peak Flow Rate ◽  
Order Of Entry ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
The Individual

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate how the order in which the ewes in a milking group enter the milking parlour affects their milkability and milk composition. Therefore, the order of entry into the milking parlour was evaluated in ewes of one flock (n = 353) during six evening milkings. In all, the sheep were milked in 15 milking groups. The sheep entering the milking parlour in the first milking group achieved 15 points and the sheep of each next milking group one point less, i.e. the sheep of the last group achieved 1 point. In the analysis, only the ewes with the highest and the lowest average number of points were included and assigned to the first (FG, n = 19) and the last group (LG, n = 29), respectively. After the last milking, the individual milk samples were collected from the jar to analyze the composition and somatic cell count. Machine milk yield in 30 s (0.15 ± 0.09 and 0.11 ± 0.05 l) and 60 s (0.26 ± 0.16 and 0.19 ± 0.10 l), peak flow rate (1.04 ± 0.39 and 0.77 ± 0.29 l/min), and latency time (14 ± 3 and 20 ± 13 s) significantly differed (P &lt; 0.05) between FG and LG, respectively. Total milk yield (0.41 ± 0.17 and 0.35 ± 0.14 l) and machine milk yield (0.27 ± 0.15 and 0.22 ± 0.10 l) tended to be higher (P = 0.05 and P = 0.09) in FG than in LG, respectively. No significant differences were observed in milk composition between FG and LG. It seems that ewes which enter the milking parlour in early milking groups have better parameters of milkability than those milked in later groups.

scholarly journals The effect of carprofen on fresh dairy cows health

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielė Lošytė ◽  
Ieva Navalinskaitė ◽  
Žyginta Prokopavičiūtė ◽  
Ernesta Pocevičienė ◽  
Ramūnas Antanaitis
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stress Indicator ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of stress on the health of fresh-lactation cows and the effect of NSAIDs on the stress indicator cortisol, rumination time (RT) and somatic cell count (SCC). The treatment group of cows (TG) (n = 15) were given a subcutaneous injection of Rimadyl Cattle® (50 mg/ml of carprofen), 1.4 mg per 1 kg BW dose, up to 1 hour after calving. At the same time, the control group of cows (CG) (n = 15) were given an injection of 0.9% NaCl. The whole study looked at the health of cows by recording cases that occurred during the period after calving. Blood cortisol examination was performed within 2, 24 and 48 h after the use of the mentioned drugs. Rumination time was registered with the Lely T4C management program for analysis. Milk composition (SCC) was determined using the Lely T4C management program for analysis. NSAIDs (carprofen 50 mg/ml) statistically significantly reduced cortisol plasma concentrations within 48 h from the use of the drug and did not have an impact on SCC. The use of NSAID increased the average ruminating time from the third to the eleventh day after calving.

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