Mechanical behaviour of Ostrich’s eggshell at compression

The deformation and fracture behaviour of Ostrich’s eggs at the static compression has been investigated. The mechanical properties of egg to compression were determined in terms of average rupture force, specific deformation and rupture energy along X and Z axes. Exact description of the eggshell counter shape has been used for the verification of a common accepted theory of the compression of bodies of convex form. The eggshell strength seems to be an unique function of the static stiffness. The greatest amount of force required to break the eggs was required when eggs were loaded along the X axis and the least compression force was required along the Z axis. The specific deformation and rupture energy required for the eggs tested was lower along the X axis than the Z axis. The highest measure of firmness in the eggs tested was found to be along their X axis. Young’s modulus of the elasticity, E, has been also evaluated. Its value is independent on the direction of the egg compression. The value of E is approximately two times higher that of the chicken eggs.

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EFFECT OF STORAGE DURATION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BELLO EGGPLANT FRUIT UNDER QUASI COMPRESSION LOADING

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i5.2019.850 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 311-320

Author(s):

Umurhurhu Benjamin ◽

Uguru Hilary

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Strong Dependence ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Storage Period ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Rupture Force ◽

Storage Duration ◽

Compression Loading ◽

Universal Testing ◽

Rupture Energy

The mechanical properties of eggplant fruit (cv. Bello) harvested at physiological maturity stage were evaluated in three storage periods (3d, 6d and 9d). These mechanical parameters (rupture force, rupture energy and deformation at rupture point) were measured under quasi compression loading, using the Universal Testing Machine (Testometric model). The fruit’s toughness and rupture power were calculated from the data obtained from the rupture energy and deformation at rupture point. Results obtained showed that mechanical properties of the Bello eggplant fruit exhibited strong dependence on the storage period. The results showed that as the Bello fruit stored longer, its rupture force and rupture energy decreased from 812 N to 411 N, and 5.58 Nm to 3.11 Nm respectively. While the rupture power decreased from 1.095 W to 0.353 W. On the contrary, the toughness and deformation at rupture increased from 0.270 mJ/mm3 to 0.403 mJ/mm3, and 16.99 mm to 25.22mm respectively during the 9 days storage period. The knowledge of the mechanical properties of fruits is important for their harvest and post-harvest operations, therefore, information obtained from this study will be useful in the design and development of machines for the mechanization of eggplant production.

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Mechanical properties of baru fruit (Dipteryx alata Vogel)

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n1p185 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 185

Author(s):

Daniel Emanuel Cabral de Oliveira ◽

Osvaldo Resende ◽

Ivano Alessandro Devilla

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Gravimetric Method ◽

Rupture Force ◽

Parallel Plates ◽

Compression Force ◽

Drying Temperature ◽

Dipteryx Alata

This paper aimed to verify the influence of moisture content and drying temperature on the values of maximum compression strength for fixed strains (1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; and 7 mm), rupture force, and proportional deformity modulus on the baru fruit (Dipteryx alata Vogel) under compression in a natural resting position. Baru fruits with a moisture content ranging from 0.333 to 0.053 (decimal dry basis - db) were used. The fruits were uniaxially compressed between two parallel plates, in the natural resting position, and the nuts were dried at temperatures of 60, 80, and 100 °C. The reduction in the moisture content during drying was monitored using a gravimetric method (weight loss) to determine the initial moisture content of the product and the final moisture content. Based on our results, the compression force needed to deform the baru fruit decreased with increasing moisture content, regardless of the drying temperature. The proportional deformity modulus increased with the reduction of moisture content for all the studied temperatures. The reduced moisture content increased the force required to rupture the baru fruit, regardless of the drying temperature. The rupture forces of temperatures of 60 to 100 °C may be represented by one model.

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Physical and Mechanical Properties of Some Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Cultivars

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.2202/1556-3758.1349 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Ebubekir Altuntas ◽

Yakup Özkan

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Coefficient Of Friction ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Dynamic Coefficient ◽

Rupture Force ◽

Compression Speed ◽

Sheet Iron ◽

Rupture Energy ◽

Dynamic Coefficient Of Friction

The physical properties of nuts and kernels of three Turkish walnut varieties (Juglans regia L.) such as dimensions, weight of nuts and kernels, sphericity, bulk density, volume, and coefficient of friction were determined. The resistance of the nut and kernel of walnut varieties to damage was determined by measuring the average rupture force, deformation and rupture energy along the X-, Y- and Z-axes at different compression speeds (30 and 60 mm/min). Both the static and dynamic coefficient of friction values were greater for the sheet iron surface than the galvanized one for all walnut varieties. The highest nut rupture force, deformation and rupture energy among the three walnut varieties occurred for Kaman loaded on the Y-axis. The results indicated that when testing the effects of compression axes the rupture force is highly dependent on walnut varieties. The lowest force needed to rupture the nut or kernel was found in walnut varieties with Sebin that were tested at a compression speed of 60 mm/min.

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Study of Selected Physical-Mechanical Properties of Corn Grains Important from the Point of View of Mechanical Processing Systems Designing

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14061467 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 1467

Author(s):

Weronika Kruszelnicka

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Grain Size ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Research Problem ◽

Static Compression ◽

Empirical Distributions ◽

Rupture Energy ◽

Corn Grain ◽

Corn Grains

Mechanical properties of corn grains are of key importance in a design of processing machines whose energy demand depends on these properties. The aim of this study is to determine the selected mechanical properties of corn grains and the rupture energy. The research problem was formulated as questions: (1) How much force and energy is needed to induce a rupture of corn grain maintaining good quality of the product of processing (mixing, grinding transport)? (2) Can empirical distributions of the studied physical-mechanical properties be described by means of probability distributions provided by the literature? (3) Is there a relationship between the corn grain size and the selected mechanical properties, as well as rupture energy? In order to achieve the goals, the selected physical properties (size, volume) of corn grains have been distinguished and a static compression test has been carried out on an Instron 5966 testing machine. The results indicate a significant scatter of the results in terms of size, grain shape, forces, energy, and deformation corresponding to the point of inflection, bioyiled point, and rupture point. It has also been indicated that empirical distributions of the analyzed properties can be described by means of distributions known from the literature, e.g., gamma, Weibull or lognormal distributions. It has been confirmed that mechanical properties such as force, energy, and stress that cause rupture depend on the grain size, more precisely, the grain thickness—there are negative relations between thickness and force, energy and stress in relation to the point of inflection, bioyiled point, and rupture point.

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Mechanical properties of rough and dehulled rice during drying

International Journal of Food Studies ◽

10.7455/ijfs/2.2.2013.a3 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Osvaldo Resende ◽

Paulo César Corrêa ◽

Gabriel Henrique Horta de Oliveira ◽

André Luis Duarte Goneli ◽

Carmen Jarén

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Uniaxial Compression ◽

Compression Test ◽

Rupture Force ◽

Compression Force ◽

Rice Grains ◽

Moisture Contents ◽

Rough Rice ◽

Value Range

This work aimed to determine the mechanical properties of rough and dehulled rice grains, for different moisture contents, by obtaining their rupture force, deformation, maximum compression force and proportional deformity modulus under a compression test. Rice grains, with moisture content varying from 0.12 to 0.30 (d.b.), were subject to an uniaxial compression in order to analyze these properties. On reducting moisture content the rupture force increased from 37.2 to 70.6 N for dehulled rice and 48.0 to 79.5 N for rough rice. The average compression force varied from 131 to 171 N for dehulled rice and 203 to 283 N for rough rice. The value range of proportional deformity modulus was from 5.5 x 109 to 7.4 x 109 Pa for dehulled rice and 9.5 x 109 to 12.3 x 109 Pa for rough rice. Rough rice presented more resistance to compression compared to dehulled rice.

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Mechanical Behaviour of Common Bean (cv. Butter) Seeds as Affected by Maturation

Journal of Engineering Research and Reports ◽

10.9734/jerr/2019/v8i216989 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

H. Uguru ◽

O. I. Akpokodje ◽

S. V. Irtwange

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Mechanical Behaviour ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Mechanical Parameters ◽

Rupture Force ◽

Maturity Stages ◽

Rupture Energy ◽

Mechanical Behaviours ◽

The Mean ◽

Least Energy

In this study, the effects of maturation of bean seeds on some mechanical behaviours of common bean (cv. Butter) were investigated. The bean seeds were harvested at three maturity stages (15 DAPA, 22 DAPA and 29 DAPA), and their rupture force, rupture energy, specific deformation, toughness and rupture power were test. The bean seeds were quasi-statically loaded in along their three main axes (X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis), at a loading speed of 25 mm/min. The results obtained revealed that the maturity stage and loading orientation had significant (p ≤0.05) effect on all the mechanical parameters investigated in this study. According to the results, all the parameters investigated increased linearly as the bean seeds matured from 15 DAPA to 29 DAPA. For all the mechanical parameters, the highest values were obtained when the seeds were compressed along the Z-axis, while the least values were obtained when the seeds were compressed along the Y-axis. The highest rupture energy (0.064 Nm) was obtained for bean seeds (harvested at 29 DAPA) loaded along the Z-axis, while the bean seeds harvested at 15 DAPA and loaded along the Y-axis required the least energy to rupture (0.028 Nm). From the results, at 29 DAPA, the mean rupture power of 0.277 W, 0.212 W, and 0.314 W were recorded, when the seeds were compressed along the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis respectively. These results will be useful in the design and development of bean seeds processing and handling equipment.

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Mechanical properties of rough and dehulled rice during drying

International Journal of Food Studies ◽

10.7455/ijfs.v2i2.139 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Osvaldo Resende ◽

Paulo César Corrêa ◽

Gabriel Henrique Horta de Oliveira ◽

André Luis Duarte Goneli ◽

Carmen Jarén

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Uniaxial Compression ◽

Compression Test ◽

Rupture Force ◽

Compression Force ◽

Rice Grains ◽

Moisture Contents ◽

Rough Rice ◽

Value Range

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The Improvement of the Fracture Behaviour of Polybutyleneterephthalate Modified by Highly Dispersed Metals

Polymers and Polymer Composites ◽

10.1177/096739110201000307 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 249-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Ozden ◽

T.A. Borukayev ◽

N.I. Mashukov ◽

A.K. Mikitayev

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Failure Mechanism ◽

Mechanical Behaviour ◽

Structural Defect ◽

Fracture Behaviour ◽

Crystalline Size ◽

Entanglement Density ◽

Amorphous Phases ◽

Highly Dispersed

The failure mechanism of polybutyleneterephthalate (PBT) was improved by the addition of highly dispersed Fe/FeO to the polymer. The mechanical behaviour of the materials under impact was investigated. It was shown that the addition of Fe/FeO stabilised the failure mechanism of PBT and improved its mechanical properties. Increased interphases between crystalline and amorphous phases, decreased crystalline size, increased network entanglement density and decreased critical structural defect length were responsible for these improvements.

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Evolution of the viscoelastic properties of painting stratigraphies: a moisture weathering and nanoindentation approach

Heritage Science ◽

10.1186/s40494-021-00552-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mathilde Tiennot ◽

Davide Iannuzzi ◽

Erma Hermens

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Cultural Heritage ◽

Mechanical Behaviour ◽

Viscoelastic Properties ◽

Viscoelastic Behaviour ◽

Storage And Loss Moduli ◽

Heritage Studies ◽

Paint Films ◽

The Impact

AbstractIn this investigation on the mechanical behaviour of paint films, we use a new ferrule-top nanoindentation protocol developed for cultural heritage studies to examine the impact of repeated relative humidity variations on the viscoelastic behaviour of paint films and their mechanical properties in different paint stratigraphies through the changes in their storage and loss moduli. We show that the moisture weathering impact on the micromechanics varies for each of these pigment-oil systems. Data from the nanoindentation protocol provide new insights into the evolution of the viscoelastic properties dsue to the impact of moisture weathering on paint films.

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Mesoscale Modelling of Concretes Subjected to Triaxial Loadings: Mechanical Properties and Fracture Behaviour

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14051099 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 1099

Author(s):

Qingqing Chen ◽

Yuhang Zhang ◽

Tingting Zhao ◽

Zhiyong Wang ◽

Zhihua Wang

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Stress ◽

Failure Criterion ◽

Mesoscale Model ◽

Fracture Behaviour ◽

Descent Method ◽

Triaxial Stress ◽

Gradient Descent Method ◽

Stress States ◽

Shear Failures

The mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of concretes under different triaxial stress states were investigated based on a 3D mesoscale model. The quasistatic triaxial loadings, namely, compression–compression–compression (C–C–C), compression–tension–tension (C–T–T) and compression–compression–tension (C–C–T), were simulated using an implicit solver. The mesoscopic modelling with good robustness gave reliable and detailed damage evolution processes under different triaxial stress states. The lateral tensile stress significantly influenced the multiaxial mechanical behaviour of the concretes, accelerating the concrete failure. With low lateral pressures or tensile stress, axial cleavage was the main failure mode of the specimens. Furthermore, the concretes presented shear failures under medium lateral pressures. The concretes experienced a transition from brittle fracture to plastic failure under high lateral pressures. The Ottosen parameters were modified by the gradient descent method and then the failure criterion of the concretes in the principal stress space was given. The failure criterion could describe the strength characteristics of concrete materials well by being fitted with experimental data under different triaxial stress states.

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